1、Designation: D2162 13D2162 14Standard Practice forBasic Calibration of Master Viscometers and Viscosity OilStandards1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2162; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea
2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers the calibration of master viscometers and viscosity oil standards, both of which may be use
3、d to calibrateroutine viscometers as described in Test Method D445 and Specifications D446 over the temperature range from 1515 C to100C.100 C.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1 The SI-based units for ca
4、libration constants and kinematic viscosities are mm2/s2 and mm2/s, respectively.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and de
5、termine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D446 Specifications and Operatin
6、g Instructions for Glass Capillary Kinematic ViscometersD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1250 Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement TablesD1480 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Bingham PycnometerD1590 Test Method for Surface Tension of
7、 WaterE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE563 Practice for Preparation and Use of an Ice-Point Bath as a Reference TemperatureE644 Test Methods for Testing Industrial Resistance ThermometersE1137 Specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance ThermometersE1750 Guide for Use of W
8、ater Triple Point CellsE2593 Guide for Accuracy Verification of Industrial Platinum Resistance ThermometersE2877 Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers2.2 ISO Standard:3ISO 3666 Viscosity of Water3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 digital contact thermometer (DCT) , nan electronic device consisting
9、 of temperature measuring sensor in contact withthe material that provides an output to a digital display of the measured value.3.1.1.1 Discussion1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibil
10、ity ofSubcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties.Current edition approved June 15, 2013June 1, 2014. Published July 2013July 2014. Originally approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 20062013 asD2162 06.D2162 13. DOI: 10.1520/D2162-13.10.1520/D2162-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit the
11、ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY
12、 10036.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult pr
13、ior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19
14、428-2959. United States1This device consists of a temperature sensor connected to a measuring instrument; this instrument measures the temperature-dependent quantity of the sensor, computes the temperature from the measured quantity, and provides a digital output. This digitaloutput goes to a digita
15、l display and/or recording device that may be internal or external to the device. These devices are sometimesreferred to as a “digital thermometer”.NOTE 1Portable electronic thermometers (PET) is an acronym sometimes used to refer to a subset of the devices covered by this definition.3.2 Definitions
16、 of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 basic calibration, ncalibration based on the primary standard, water.3.2.1.1 DiscussionPure water has a kinematic viscosity of 1.0034 mm1.0034 mm2/s at 20C.20 C. See ISO 3666.3.2.2 master viscometer, nglass capillary viscometer with a liquid driving head of
17、at least 400 mm.3.2.2.1 DiscussionIt is specially designed to minimize errors due to surface tension, kinetic energy, and capillary end effects.3.2.3 viscosity oil standard, nstable Newtonian liquid, the kinematic viscosity of which has been related to the kinematicviscosity of water through the ste
18、p-up procedure described in this practice.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Two or more master viscometers, having calibration constants in the 0.0010.001 mm2/s2 to 0.003-mm0.003 mm2/s2 range,are calibrated with water at 20C.20 C. The kinematic viscosities of two or more oil standards are measured at 40C40
19、C in thesetwo master viscometers. Corrections are made for buoyancy and, where necessary, for temperature and surface tension.4.2 A third master viscometer, with a calibration constant of 0.0030.003 mm2/s2 to 0.009 mm0.009 mm2/s2 , is then calibratedat 40C40 C with the two standard oils and its cali
20、bration factor calculated at standard conditions for water at 20C.20 C. In likemanner additional viscosity oil standards and additional master viscometers are calibrated at 40C40 C using the average resultsfrom at least two master viscometers or two oil standards. Steps between successive calibratio
21、n constants or viscosities increaseby a factor of three or less until the desired viscosity range is covered.4.3 Oils are calibrated at other temperatures using the average result from at least two master viscometers.5. Significance and Use5.1 Because there are surface tension or kinematic viscosity
22、 differences, or both, between the primary standard (7.4) andkinematic viscosity standards (7.5), special procedures using master viscometers are required to “step-up” from the kinematicviscosity of the primary standard to the kinematic viscosities of oil standards.5.2 Using master viscometers calib
23、rated according to this practice, an operator can calibrate kinematic viscometers inaccordance with Specifications D446.5.3 Using viscosity oil standards established in this practice, an operator can calibrate kinematic viscometers in accordance withSpecifications D446.6. Apparatus6.1 Master Viscome
24、ters: Cannon4 or Ubbelohde5 TypeAcceptable viscometers are shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Two mastersare required with calibration constants in the 0.0010.001 mm2/s2 to 0.003-mm0.003 mm2/s2 range.Additional masters have factorsincreasing in three-fold steps.6.2 Temperature Measuring DevicesUse either a
25、 digital contact thermometer (DCT) or a liquid-in-glass thermometer meetingthe requirements in 6.2.1 or 6.2.1.1 respectively:6.2.1 Digital Contact ThermometerA device conforming to Guide E2877 Class A and meeting or exceeding the followingadditional requirements:(1) The only acceptable sensors are r
26、esistance temperature devices (RTD) or high precision thermistors. However a standardplatinum resistance thermometer (SPRT) is preferable.(2) Meeting Class A requirements of Guide E2877 preferably with a minimum display resolution of 0.001C.0.001 C.(3) Acombined (display and probe) accuracy of 67 mK
27、 (0.007C) 67 mK (0.007 C) at a 95 % confidence level over intendedrange of use.4 Cannon, M. R., “Viscosity Measurement, Master Viscometers,” Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Analytical Edition, Vol 16, 1944, p. 708.5 Ubbelohde, L., “The Suspended Lever Viscometer,” Journal Institute Petroleum T
28、echnologists (London), Vol 22, 1936, p. 37.D2162 142(4) A response time of less than 25 s as defined in Specification E1137.(5) Linearity of less than 7 mK (0.007C)(0.007 C) over the range of temperatures to be measured.(6) Both the temperature sensor and measurement bridge components of the DCT sha
29、ll have a report of temperature calibrationfrom a calibration laboratory with a demonstrated competency in temperature calibration traceable to a national calibration ormetrology standards body.(7) The calibration report shall include data for the series of test points which are appropriate for the
30、range of intended use.(8) If the DCTdisplay unit (measuring instrument such as a bridge) is calibrated separate from the probe, it should be calibratedannually.6.2.1.1 The DCT probe is to be immersed by more than its minimum immersion depth in a constant temperature bath so thatthe center of the pro
31、bes sensing region is at the same level as the lower half of the working capillary provided the probes minimumimmersion depth is met. The end of the probes sheath shall not extend past the bottom of the viscometers lower reservoir.NOTE 2With respect to DCT probe immersion depth, a procedure is avail
32、able in Test Methods E644, Section 7, for determining the minimum depth.With respect to an ice bath, Practice E563 provides guidance on the preparation of an ice bath however variance from the specific steps is permittedprovided preparation is consistent as it is being used to track change in calibr
33、ation.6.2.1.2 Verify the calibration at least annually. The probe shall be recalibrated when the check value differs by more than0.01C0.01 C from the last probe calibration. Verification can be accomplished with the use of a water triple point cell, an ice bathor other suitable constant temperature
34、device which has a known temperature value of suitable precision. See Practice E563, GuideE1750, and Guide E2593 for more information regarding checking calibrations.6.2.2 Liquid-in-Glass ThermometerKinematic viscosity thermometers having a range from 18.518.5 C to 21.5C,21.5 C, or38.538.5 C to 41.5
35、C,41.5 C, and conforming to the requirements for Thermometers 44C and 120C, as prescribed inSpecification E1, and calibrated to 65 mK (0.005C).(0.005 C). The thermometer shall have a report of temperature calibrationfrom a calibration laboratory with a demonstrated competency in temperature calibrat
36、ion traceable to a national calibration ormetrology standards body.6.2.2.1 Calibration CheckVerify the thermometer at least annually against a reference thermometer in a constant temperaturebath or an ice bath. The thermometer is to be inserted to its immersion depth. If using an ice bath, the ice p
37、oint reading is to beFIG. 1 Cannon Master ViscometerD2162 143D2162 144taken within 60 min after the thermometer has been at test temperature for at least 3 min. If the corrected temperature readingdeviates more than the calibration tolerance from the reference thermometer or the ice point then repea
38、t this calibration check. Ifthe thermometer deviates from the reference value on two successive checks then a full thermometer recalibration is needed.6.2.2.2 RecalibrationA complete recalibration of the liquid-in-glass thermometer, while permitted, is not necessary in orderto meet the accuracy ascr
39、ibed to liquid-in-glass thermometers design until the thermometers corrected measured temperaturedeviates from the reference thermometer or ice point by one scale division, or until five years has elapsed since the last fullcalibration.6.3 BathA thermostated bath containing water or other transparen
40、t liquid deep enough to immerse the master viscometers sothat the upper fiducial mark is at least 50 mm below the surface. The efficiency of stirring and the balance between heat loss andinput must be such that the temperature of the water does not vary by more than 60.01C60.01 C over the length of
41、theviscometer or from one viscometer position to another. The working section of the bath should be shielded from direct radiationfrom heaters and lights.Astandard platinum resistance thermometer, approximately 450 mm in length, may be used to ensure thatthe variation in temperature does not exceed
42、60.01C.60.01 C. Firm supports should be provided to hold the master viscometerin a rigid and reproducible position within 0 15 min 15 min of vertical.6.4 TimerA spring-wound, electric, or digital timer capable of measuring time intervals of 300300 s to 10 000 s with anaccuracy of 60.03 %. The stop w
43、atch, fully but not tightly wound, must be used and tested in the same position. For example,if used at 45 inclination, it should have been tested previously in that position. Electric, not electronic, timers must be operatedon circuits, the frequencies of which are controlled. Commercial power sour
44、ces, the frequencies of which are intermittently andnot continuously controlled, are not satisfactory. Both mechanical and electric timers can be sensitive to abnormally low ambienttemperature and should not be used when cold.NOTE 3Time signals as broadcast by the National Institute of Standards and
45、 Technology are a convenient and primary standard reference forcalibrating timing devices. The following can be used:WWV Fort Collins, CO 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20 MHzWWVH Kauai, HI 2.5, 5, 10, 15 MHzCHU Ottawa, Canada 3.33, 7.335, 14.67 MHzWWV Fort Collins, CO (2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20) MHzWWVH Kauai, HI (2.5,
46、5, 10, 15) MHzCHU Ottawa, Canada (3.33, 7.335, 14.67) MHzRadio broadcast of voice and audio on a telephone line at phone number: 303-499-7111. Additional time services are available from the NationalInstitute of Standards and Technology.6.4.1 The timer shall be calibrated at least every 12 months.NO
47、TE 4Alaboratorys measurement uncertainty is dependent on the performance of the apparatus used. The uncertainty can be improved (decreased)by using equipment that exceeds (smaller tolerance) the minimum requirements shown in Section 6 as will rigorous maintenance of the equipment.7. Reagents7.1 Acet
48、one, reagent grade. (WarningExtremely flammable.)7.2 Chromic Acid Cleaning Solution Carefully pour 1 L of concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4, relative density 1.84) into 35mL of a saturated solution of technical grade sodium dichromate (Na2Cr2O7) in water. Strongly oxidizing acid cleaning solutionsco
49、ntaining no chromium6 may be substituted to avoid disposal problems of chromium-containing solutions. (WarningCausessevere burns.)7.3 Petroleum Spirit, or other solvent completely miscible with petroleum oils. (WarningCombustible. Vapor harmful.)7.4 Primary Standard Water, deionized or distilled, then distilled fresh the same day of use. Store in a glass-stoppered chromicacid-cleaned bottle of borosilicate glass. See Specification D1193.7.5 Viscosity Oil StandardsStable petroleum oils selected to cover the des
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