ASTM D2172 D2172M-2017e1 Standard Test Methods for Quantitative Extraction of Asphalt Binder from Asphalt Mixtures.pdf

1、Designation: D2172/D2172M 171Standard Test Methods forQuantitative Extraction of Asphalt Binder from AsphaltMixtures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2172/D2172M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision,

2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTE11.2.5.1 was corrected editorially in May 2018.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the quantitative determinatio

3、nof asphalt binder content in asphalt mixtures and pavementsamples.Aggregate obtained by these methods may be used forsieve analysis using Test Method D5444. This test is notappropriate for testing asphalt mixtures containing coal tar.1.2 Asphalt binder may be recovered using Test MethodD1856, Pract

4、ice D5404/D5404M, or Practice D7906.1.3 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Thevalues stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two

5、systems may result in noncon-formance with the standard.1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.1.5 This standard does not p

6、urport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific hazards are given

7、in Section 7.NOTE 1The results obtained by these test methods may be affected bythe age of the material tested, with older samples tending to yield slightlylower asphalt binder content. Best quantitative results are obtained whenthe test is made on mixtures and pavements shortly after their preparat

8、ion.It is difficult to remove all the asphalt when some aggregates are used andsome chlorides may remain within the mineral matter affecting themeasured asphalt content.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization establi

9、shed in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C128 Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity)and Absor

10、ption of Fine AggregateC670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsD70 Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid Asphalt Binder(Pycnometer Method)D604 Specification for Diatomaceous Silica Pigment (With-drawn 2003)3D979/D979M Practice for Sampling

11、Bituminous PavingMixturesD1461 Test Method for Moisture or Volatile Distillates inAsphalt MixturesD1856 Test Method for Recovery of Asphalt From Solutionby Abson MethodD2111 Test Methods for Specific Gravity and Density ofHalogenated Organic Solvents and Their AdmixturesD3666 Specification for Minim

12、um Requirements for Agen-cies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving MaterialsD4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, andConstruction Materials TestingD5404/D5404M Practice for Recovery of Asphalt from So-lution Using the Rotary Evap

13、oratorD5444 Test Method for Mechanical Size Analysis of Ex-tracted AggregateD6368 Specification for Vapor-Degreasing Solvents Basedon normal-Propyl Bromide and Technical Grade normal-Propyl Bromide1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 onRoad and Paving Materials and ar

14、e the direct responsibilities of SubcommitteeD04.25 on Analysis of Asphalt Mixtures.Current edition approved April 1, 2017. Published April 2017. Originallyapproved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D2172/D2172M 11.DOI: 10.1520/D2172_D2172M-17E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visi

15、t the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright AST

16、M International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Stan

17、dards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1D7906 Practice for Recovery of Asphalt from SolutionUsing Toluene and the Rotary Evaporator2.2 AASHTO Standards:R47 Practice for Reducing Samples of Hot Mix Asphalt(HMA) to Testing S

18、ize43. Summary of Test Methods3.1 The asphalt mixture is extracted with trichloroethylene(TCE), normal propyl bromide (nPB), or methylene chlorideusing the extraction equipment applicable to the particularmethod. The asphalt binder content is calculated by differencefrom the mass of the extracted ag

19、gregate, moisture content, ifdetermined, and mineral matter in the effluent (binder-solventsolution). The asphalt binder content is expressed as masspercent of moisture-free mixtures.4. Significance and Use4.1 All of these test methods can be used for quantitativedeterminations of asphalt binder in

20、asphalt mixtures andpavement samples for specification acceptance, serviceevaluation, control, and research. Each method prescribes thesolvent or solvents and any other reagents that can be used inthe test method.NOTE 2Further testing of the asphalt mixture may be performed byusing sieve analysis on

21、 the extracted aggregate, Test Method D5444,orrecovering the extracted asphalt binder from solution by Test MethodD1856, Practice D5404/D5404M, or Practice D7906 for asphalt binderproperty testing. When recovering the asphalt binder for property testing,all mineral matter should be removed from the

22、effluent.NOTE 3The quality of the results produced by this standard aredependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedureand the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used.Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generallyconsidered capable of

23、 competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance withSpecification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results.Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions ofSpecification D3666 or some similar acceptabl

24、e guideline provides ameans of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.5. Apparatus5.1 Oven, capable of maintaining the temperature at 110 65 C 230 6 9 F.5.2 Pan, large enough that the asphalt mixture can be spreadout in a thin layer over the bottom of the pan.5.3 Balance, readable to 0.1 g

25、, and capable of measuring themass of sample and container. The balance shall conform to therequirement of Guide D4753, Class GP2.5.4 Analytical Balance, readable to 0.001 g and capable ofmeasuring the mass of the sample and container.5.5 Electric Hot Plate, thermostatically controlled, of suffi-cie

26、nt dimensions and heat capacity to permit evaporating orrefluxing of the solvent.5.6 Small-Mouth Graduate Container, 1000- or 2000-mLcapacity. Optional small-mouth graduate, 100-mL capacity.5.7 Ignition Dish, 125-mL capacity.5.8 Desiccator, a container with a lid of sufficient size tohold the igniti

27、on dish on a perforated drying rack above the toplevel of the desiccant. The lid should form a good seal aroundthe top of the container so that air movement between thecontainer and the atmosphere is prevented6. Reagents6.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests. Unless

28、otherwise indicated, it is intended thatall reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,5where such specifications are available. Other grades may beused, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is ofsufficiently high

29、 purity to permit its use without lessening theaccuracy of the determination.NOTE 4Reagents that have exceeded the expiration date should not beused for asphalt mixtures that require asphalt binder property testing. Theuse of expired solvents may adversely affect the results of asphalt binderpropert

30、y testing.6.2 Not all solvents (reagents) are applicable to all of theextraction methods detailed in this standard. Each extractionmethod identifies the specific solvents that can be used.6.3 Ammonium Carbonate SolutionSaturated solution ofreagent grade ammonium carbonate (NH4)2CO3.6.4 normal-Propyl

31、 Bromide (nPB), conforming to Specifi-cation D6368. WarningSee Section 7.6.5 Toluene, reagent grade. WarningSee Section 7.6.6 Trichloroethylene (TCE), technical grade, Type 1, Fed-eral Specification O-T-634, latest revision. WarningSeeSection 7.6.7 Methylene Chloride, reagent grade. WarningSee Sec-t

32、ion 7.6.8 Diatomaceous Silica Filtering Aid, conforming to TypeB of Specification D604.6.9 Ethyl Alcohol, denatured.7. Hazards7.1 WarningThe solvents listed in Section 6 should beused only under a hood or with an effective surface exhaustsystem in a well-ventilated area, since they are toxic to vari

33、ousdegrees. Consult the current Threshold Limit ConcentrationCommittee of the American Conference of GovernmentalIndustrial Hygienists6for the current threshold limit values.8. Sampling8.1 Obtain samples in accordance with Practice D979/D979M.4Available from American Association of State Highway and

34、 TransportationOfficials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,http:/www.transportation.org.5Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemica

35、l Society, see Analar Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.6Available from American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists(ACGIH), 1330 Kemper Mea

36、dow Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45240, http:/www.acgih.org.D2172/D2172M 17128.2 Preparation of Test Specimens:8.2.1 Separate sample by hand spatula or trowel, then splitand reduce sample to required testing size in accordance toAASHTO R47. If sample is not able to be separated or split,place sample in a lar

37、ge, flat pan and warm to 110 6 5 C 2306 9 F, only heating the mixture until it is pliable enough toseparate. Split or quarter the material until the mass of materialrequired for test is obtained and determine the mass of thesample, W1.NOTE 5In some cases, polymer modified mixtures need to be warmeda

38、t temperatures higher than 110 C 230 F in order to split or quarter themix. In all cases, the minimum temperature for the minimum time neededto split the mixture should be used so that any aging to the asphalt binderis minimized.8.2.2 The size of the test sample shall be governed by thenominal maxim

39、um aggregate size of the mixture and shallconform to the mass requirement shown in Table 1 (Note 6).NOTE 6When the mass of the test specimen exceeds the capacity ofthe equipment used (for a particular method), the test specimen may bedivided into suitable increments, tested, and the masses of each i

40、ncrementcombined before calculating the asphalt binder content (Section 14).8.2.3 If the sample was obtained from the field and containsmoisture, oven dry the HMA sample to a constant mass at atemperature of 110 6 5 C 230 6 9 F or determine themoisture content of the sample according to Test MethodD

41、1461, so that the measured mass loss can be corrected formoisture. Record mass loss as W2. Constant mass is defined asless than 0.05 % loss in mass between consecutive 15-minintervals.9. Test Method A Centrifuge Extraction9.1 Apparatus:9.1.1 In addition to the apparatus listed in Section 5, thefollo

42、wing apparatus is required for Test Method A:9.1.1.1 Extraction Apparatus, of appropriate size to revolvea bowl of approximate dimensions as shown in Figs. 1 and 2,which can be controlled by the apparatus at variable speeds upto 3600 r/min. The speed may be controlled manually or witha preset speed

43、control. The apparatus should be provided witha container for catching the effluent thrown from the bowl anda drain for removing the effluent. The apparatus shall beinstalled in a hood or an effective surface exhaust system toprovide ventilation.9.1.1.2 Filter Rings, felt or paper, to fit the rim of

44、 the bowl.9.1.1.3 Low-ash paper filter rings may be used in place ofthe felt filter ring (9.1.1.2). Such filter rings shall consist oflow-ash filter paper stock approximately 1.3 mm thick. Thenominal base weight of the paper shall be 150 6 14 kg (330 630 lb) for a 500-sheet ream with sheet size appr

45、oximately 635by 965 mm (25 by 38 in.). The ash content of the paper shallnot exceed 0.2 % (approximately 0.034 g per ring).9.2 Procedure:9.2.1 Prepare the sample and determine the moisture con-tent of the material in accordance with Section 8.9.2.2 Place a dry sample of 500- to 3000-g test portion i

46、ntoa bowl. Alternatively, place a test portion in a bowl that hasbeen previously dried to a constant mass with the filter ring.9.2.3 TCE, nPB, or toluene solvents can be used with thisextraction method.9.2.4 Place the bowl containing the test portion onto theextraction apparatus. Cover the test port

47、ion in the bowl withsolvent and allow sufficient time for the solvent to disintegratethe test portion (not over 1 h). Dry and determine the mass ofthe filter ring and fit it around the edge of the bowl. Position lidon the bowl and tighten setscrew. Clamp the cover on the bowltightly and place a beak

48、er under the drain to collect the effluent.9.2.5 Start the centrifuge revolving slowly and graduallyincrease the speed to a maximum of 3600 r/min or until solventceases to flow from the drain. Allow the machine to stop, add200 mL of solvent and repeat the procedure. Use sufficientsolvent additions (

49、not less than three) so that the extract is notdarker than a light straw color. Collect the effluent and thewashings in a graduate container.NOTE 7Additions of solvent greater than 200 mL may be used asappropriate for the size of the sample.9.2.6 Drying Procedures:9.2.6.1 Remove lid from centrifuge bowl, leaving bowl,sample and filter in place. Allow the extracted aggregate to airdry for 15 to 30 min in the ventilated hood. Place bowl, filterring, and extracted sample into an exhaust oven at 110 6 5C230 6 9Ffor1to2htoevaporate remaining s