ASTM D2205-2015 Standard Guide for Selection of Tests for Traffic Paints《选择交通标志用色漆试验的标准指南》.pdf

1、Designation: D2205 15Standard Guide forSelection of Tests for Traffic Paints1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2205; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthe

2、ses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of proceduresfor testing traffic paints in the laboratory and in the field.1.2 This guide covers the testing of r

3、eady-mixed solventbase and waterborne paint products of sprayable consistencythat shall be suitable for use as a reflecting traffic guide onpaved roadways.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard do

4、es not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Sta

5、ndards:2C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic CementD8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pave-mentsD16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, andApplicationsD154 Guide for Testing VarnishesD185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in PigmentsD522/D522M Test Methods for Mandr

6、el Bend Test of At-tached Organic CoatingsD562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints MeasuringKrebs Unit (KU) Viscosity Using a Stormer-Type Viscom-eterD711 Test Method for No-Pick-Up Time of Traffic PaintD713 Practice for Conducting Road Service Tests on FluidTraffic Marking MaterialsD868 Practice

7、for Determination of Degree of Bleeding ofTraffic PaintD869 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Settling of PaintD870 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of CoatingsUsing Water ImmersionD913 Practice for Evaluating Degree of Traffic MarkingLine WearD1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of

8、Pigment-Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type GageD1309 Test Method for Settling Properties of Traffic PaintsDuring StorageD1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,and Related ProductsD1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and ColorDifferences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque MaterialsD

9、2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesD2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of CoatingsD2371 Test Method for Pigment Content of Solvent-Reducible PaintsD2372 Practice for Separation of Vehicle From Solvent-Reducible Paint

10、sD2698 Test Method for Determination of the Pigment Con-tent of Solvent-Reducible Paints by High-Speed Centri-fugingD2805 Test Method for Hiding Power of Paints by Reflec-tometryD3723 Test Method for Pigment Content of Water-EmulsionPaints by Low-Temperature AshingD4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resi

11、stance of OrganicCoatings by the Taber AbraserD6628 Specification for Color of Pavement Marking Mate-rialsD7377 Practice for Evaluating the Water Wash-Off Resis-tance of Traffic Paints using a Water FaucetD7538 Practice for Evaluating the Water Wash-Off Resis-tance of Traffic Paints Using an Atomizi

12、ng Spray DeviceE179 Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions forMeasurement of Reflection and Transmission Propertiesof MaterialsE308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Usingthe CIE System1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materi

13、als, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.44 on Traffic Coatings.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2015. Published December 2015. Originallyapproved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D2205 85 (2010).DOI: 10.1520/D2205-15.2For referenced ASTM standards,

14、 visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1942

15、8-2959. United States1E1164 Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color EvaluationE1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-surement by Tristimulus ColorimetryE1349 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color bySpectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45:0 or 0:45)GeometryE1

16、710 Test Method for Measurement of RetroreflectivePavement Marking Materials with CEN-Prescribed Ge-ometry Using a Portable RetroreflectometerE2367 Test Method for Measurement of Nighttime Chroma-ticity of Pavement Marking Materials Using a PortableRetroreflection Colorimeter3. Terminology3.1 Defini

17、tionsFor definitions used in this guide, refer toTerminology C219, D8, and D16.3.2 retroreflective optics, na particle manufactured for usewith pavement marking materials to provide retroreflectiveproperties to the marking, allowing them to be visible whenviewed at night under automobile headlights.

18、3.2.1 composite optics, na multi-component retroreflec-tive particle comprised of a pigmented core (typically white oryellow) combined with very small glass or ceramic beadshaving a refractive index of between 1.90 and 2.4.)3.2.2 glass beads, nround spheres manufactured fromglass of a specific refra

19、ctive index and size distribution.4. Summary of Guide4.1 This guide consists of the following tests that, althoughnot exhaustive, cover the areas normally of concern in trafficpaint testing:SectionsLiquid Paint Properties 6 through 11Application and Appearance Properties 12 through 17Properties of t

20、he Dried Film 18 through 20Analysis of Paint 21 through 24Field Evaluations 25 through 29Field Sampling 305. Conditions Affecting Traffic Paint5.1 Practical requirements for traffic paint may vary with:5.1.1 Substrate type, such as portland cement and asphalticconcretes, and the various coarse aggre

21、gates used therein.5.1.2 Climatic conditions, both generally and specifically, atthe time of paint application.5.1.3 Service density, such as heavy traffic areas in citiesversus lightly traveled rural highways and parking lots.5.1.4 Traffic type, whether light passenger cars or heavytrucks and airpl

22、anes.5.1.5 Presence of foreign matter on the road surface, such asoil, old paint, skid marks, sand, salt, concrete curingcompound, etc.5.2 New portland cement concrete surfaces have a greaterdegree of moisture and alkalinity than older surfaces andthereby adversely affect paint adhesion. Paint adhes

23、ion is alsoaffected by the ratio of cement to fine aggregate, coarseaggregate, and mixing water, as well as by the surfacecharacter of the aggregate that can range from impervioussmooth quartz to irregular, porous slag.LIQUID PAINT PROPERTIES6. Skinning6.1 Paints containing a binder that dries by ox

24、idation aresubject to skin formation in a partially filled can or by diffusionof air into a filled can. Since skins are insoluble in the paintthey must be removed before use. The referenced test employsa partially filled container to indicate the tendency of a paint toskin. A typical minimum time fo

25、r skinning is 18 to 24 h.6.2 Examine the original sample for skins both on thesurface and in the mass. Using a well-mixed, skin-free portionof the sample, perform a skinning test in accordance withGuide D154, except use a 0.5-L (1-pt) friction-top can insteadof a 0.25-L (8-oz) jar.7. Coarse Particle

26、s7.1 Paints must be free of oversize particles and foreignmatter to avoid clogging application equipment, a typicalmaximum being 1 % by weight of total paint. The referencedtest with a 325-mesh (45-m) screen gives the percent of thismaterial in the paint.7.2 Determine coarse particles in accordance

27、with TestMethods D185.NOTE 1This test is not used for traffic paint containing pre-mixedretroreflective optics.8. Fineness of Dispersion8.1 A key aspect of the pigment dispersion process in paintis fineness of grind, which can be measured by drawing thepaint sample down a calibrated, tapered groove

28、in a hardenedsteel block with the groove varying in depth from 4 to 0 mils(100 to 0 m). The point at which continuous groupings ofparticles or agglomerates, or both, protrude through the surfaceof the liquid is taken as the fineness reading. Lower readings inmils or micrometres or higher reading in

29、Hegman units indicatebetter fineness of dispersion.8.2 Fineness of grind is not generally specified for trafficpaint but some application equipment may require a limit of 1to 2 Hegman units (3 to 3.5 mils, 75 to 90 m). If additionalassurance is needed that the paint will not clog applicationequipmen

30、t, determine the fineness in accordance with TestMethod D1210. When testing solvent based paint it may benecessary to reduce the traffic paint with mineral spirits, orcompatible solvent with a similar evaporation rate, to keep thefilm wet long enough to determine the end point more easily.When a pre

31、mix traffic paint is being tested, conduct the test onthe paint before addition of the beads.9. Density or Weight per Gallon9.1 Density as measured by weight per unit volume is not aperformance characteristic but is used to check product unifor-mity from batch to batch. A calibrated weight per gallo

32、n cup isused.9.2 For an unbeaded paint, determine the density in accor-dance with Test Method D1475.D2205 1529.3 For beaded paints, use a special weight-per-gallon cup3having a modified cap so that the beads do not interfere with asnug fit of the cap to the cup. Proceed in accordance with TestMethod

33、 D1475.9.4 Traffic paints are viscous and known to entrap air givingerroneous low values. Air may be visible as bubbles or toofinely dispersed to be seen. The Appendix XI to Test MethodD1475 provides a practice of diluting of a material to improveair release. This method is widely used on waterborne

34、 paintswhere equal amounts of water and paint are mixed. The densitysplit mixture is measured and density of the paint calculatedusing Eq X1.1.10. Consistency10.1 Paints of a given type should fall within a statedconsistency range as agreed upon between the purchaser andthe seller. Consistency is us

35、ed mainly to ensure productuniformity. Improper consistency, however, can adverselyaffect application properties, and in turn, paint performance.10.2 Determine consistency using the Stormer viscometer inaccordance with Test Method D562. If the requirement is inKrebs units, Table 1 of Test Method D56

36、2 permits changingseconds to KU. Method B (Digital Display Stormer-TypeViscometer) is the preferred method.11. Package Stability11.1 Since paints are not normally used immediately aftermanufacture, they must remain stable in the can for some time,which for traffic paints does not generally exceed 6

37、months.Although package stability can usually be determined byalternatively heating and cooling a specimen, occasionally theresults do not coincide with storage at normal temperature. Thereferenced methods determine the degree of pigment settlingafter 2 weeks cycling or after 6 months storage at roo

38、mtemperature. These are usually sufficient as it is difficult to ratenumerically the ease of redispersing an aged traffic paint.11.2 Determine the degree of pigment settling in the accel-erated test in accordance with Test Method D1309. Determinethe degree of pigment settling and ease of remixing a

39、shelf-aged specimen in accordance with Test Method D869.APPLICATION AND APPEARANCE PROPERTIES12. Drying Time12.1 The drying time of a traffic paint is particularlyimportant because it determines how quickly a lane can beopened to free flow of traffic without the paint being transferredto adjacent pa

40、vement.12.2 No-pick-up time as determined by Test Method D711is typically used as a quality control test for dry time. Whilethis method does not predict actual drying time during fieldapplication, it has been found the Test Method D711 testingaccurately predicts trends in most cases. Controlling bot

41、hhumidity and air flow is critical for accurate test results.13. Bleeding13.1 Bleeding refers to the passage of colored matter suchas bitumen from an asphalt pavement through the traffic paintfilm. It is a function of the age of the asphalt, its compatibilitywith the paint, and the speed of drying o

42、f the paint. Determinebleeding in accordance with Practice D868.14. Hiding Power14.1 Hiding power or opacity is a measure of the ability ofa paint to hide the substrate. It varies, naturally, with thethickness of the applied film that may be influenced by the flowand application properties of the pa

43、int.14.2 Determine the dry hiding power of traffic paints inaccordance with Test Method D2805.15. Color and Color Difference15.1 The color of a paint may be determined precisely bymeans of a spectrophotometer. However, the exact color is notusually as important as how closely a paint matches a stand

44、ard.Color difference between a product and a standard can bedetermined visually or with a suitable instrument. Visualcomparison of color is fast and often acceptable althoughnumerical values are not obtained. Spectrophotometers providenumerical values that can be subsequently compared to latermeasur

45、ements.15.2 If required, determine the color in terms of tristimulusvalues or chromaticity coordinates in accordance with PracticeE308.15.3 Determine color difference by visual comparisonagainst standard color chips4in accordance with PracticeD1729. This practice covers the spectral photometric, and

46、geometric characteristics of light source, illuminating andviewing conditions, size of specimens, and general proceduresto be used in the visual evaluation of color differences ofopaque materials.15.4 Determine color difference instrumentally in accor-dance with Practice D2244. The method covers the

47、 instrumen-tal measurement of small color differences observable indaylight illumination between nonfluorescent, nonmetameric,opaque surfaces. The instrument used shall conform to allrequirements of Guide E179, Practice E1164, Test MethodE1347, Test Method E1349, and Practice E308 (bidirectional45:0

48、, capable of reporting data for the CIE D65/2, D6510,or C/2 illuminant/observer conditions).16. Reflectance16.1 Reflectance is a measure of the light reflected from thesurface of a paint. It determines which of two specimens3The sole source of supply of the satisfactory modified cup known to thecomm

49、ittee at this time is BYK Additives and Instruments, 9104 Guilford Rd.,Columbia, MD 21046. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide thisinformation to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receivecareful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1whichyou may attend.4The sole source of supply of the standard yellow color chips known to thecommittee at this time is www.fed-std- If you areaware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Interna-tional Headquart