ASTM D2258 D2258M-2016 Standard Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing《试验用纱线取样的标准实施规程》.pdf

1、Designation: D2258 99 (Reapproved 2012)D2258/D2258M 16Standard Practice forSampling Yarn for Testing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2258;D2258/D2258M; the number immediately following the designation indicatesthe year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o

2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes a proc

3、edure for the division of shipments of yarn into test lots and the sampling of such lots fortesting.1.1.1 This practice can be used for lot sample testing of yarns for both pre-fabric production and post-fabric production.1.2 This practice is applicable to single, plied, or cabled yarns, and cords,

4、made of any fiber or mixture of fibers, and supportedon any form of package, including beams.1.3 This practice also describes procedures for the sampling of yarn(s) removed from woven or knitted fabrics,fabrics; however,when thus sampled, the yarns are usually not representative of entire shipments,

5、 as referred to in 1.1. Consequently, the resultantsampling can only be used to determine the characteristics of the yarn and is usually not used for acceptance testing. Moreover,it should be recognized that the characteristics of yarns from fabrics may be different than the characteristics of the s

6、ame yarn(s),prior to being entered into the fabric manufacturing process.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, theinch-pound units are shown in parentheses. standard. The values stated in each system aremay not be

7、 exact equivalents; therefore,each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformancenon-conformance with this practice.the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its

8、use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1578 Test Method for Breaking Strength

9、 of Yarn in Skein FormD1907 Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Number) by the Skein MethodD4271 Practice for Writing Statements on Sampling in Test Methods for Textiles (Withdrawn 2009)3D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers3. Terminology3.1 For terminology related to Yarns and Fibe

10、rs, see Terminology D4849.3.2 The following terms are relevant to this standard: beam, beam set, bulk sample, case, cone, end, fabric package, laboratorysample, lot, lot sample, primary sampling unit, production lot, sample, sampling unit, sample skein, specimen, and yarn package.3.3 For definitions

11、 of all other textile terms see Terminology D123.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Instructions are given for dividing the yarn into lots, for determining the number of cases, beams, or fabric packages to beselected from each lot as a lot sample, and for determining the number of packages, including the num

12、ber of ends, representingthose packages taken from the lot sample as a laboratory sample. See Practice D4271.1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.Current edition approved March 1, 2012J

13、uly 1, 2016. Published April 2012August 2016. Originally approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 20052012 asD2258 99(2005).(2012). DOI: 10.1520/D2258-99R12.10.1520/D2258_D2258M-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serv

14、iceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version.

15、Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 1

16、00 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Significance and Use5.1 Assigning a value to any property of the material in a container or in a lot, consignment, or delivery involves a measurementprocess that includes both sampling and testing procedures. The c

17、orrectness of the value assigned depends upon the variability dueto testing. testing and sampling plan. Even when the variability due to testing is minimized by carefully developed procedures,correct and consistent estimates of the true value of the property are possible only when the sampling proce

18、dure avoids systematicbias, minimizes variations due to sampling, and provides a laboratory sample of adequate size.5.2 Practice D2258 may not give the most efficient sampling plan that might be devised in special situations but does presenta general procedure that gives satisfactory precision with

19、an economical amount of sampling and one which does not requireelaborate statistical computation based on previous knowledge of the amount of variation between primary sampling units (suchas cases, beams or fabric packages), between units of the laboratory sample taken from the primary sampling unit

20、s of the lot sample(such as yarn packages taken from a case) and between specimens taken from units of the laboratory sample (such as lengths ofyarn taken from a yarn package or a fabric swatch taken from a roll or piece). sampling. Many plans that include stratified samplingcan be found in textbook

21、s.textbooks and through the use of statistical software tools and calculators.5.2.1 If not specified by the purchaser, the manufacturer will define suitable production lots based on one or more of thefollowing: supply lot, production shift/time segment, production equipment or production line, opera

22、tor, designated shipment,production run, or a combination herein.5.2.2 If not specified by the purchaser, the manufacturer will define sampling and testing frequency based on the following:process capability or capability analysis, historical trends, level of detection rate required, confidence leve

23、l requirements, knownvariations or special causes, or both. Every attempt to ensure conforming product is being produced, identify potentialnonconforming product or proper isolation and identification, will be carried out by the manufacturer.5.2.3 Sampling count and number of specimens will be based

24、 on standard practice listed within the document. Increase ordecrease in count or frequency might be applied based on typical standard deviation, precision and confidence level, MeasurementSystem Analysis (MSA), gauge R in which case, the yarn with the broken filaments cant be used for testing. Yarn

25、s can normally take a fair amount ofhand tension during the raveling process without being damaged. When too much tension has been applied, the yarn will losememory of knit crimp and not recrimp to loop form. (With greige yarns, however, moisture and heat from handling by some peoplemay cause loss o

26、f the knit-crimp memory without yarn damage.) This phase can be done with fabric still clamped to board. Or,it can be done with fabric held on each side of the raveling area with heel of thumb and three fingers, leaving thumbs andforefingers to pull on yarns and work needle as needed. Lighted low po

27、wer magnification may be helpful. Very tightly knit fabricswill ravel more slowly and may require continued use of microscope.6.3.7.3 It is a more common practice to ravel sufficient yarn to obtain a standard length from the yarns guided by the bar which“floats” over at least one needle during knitt

28、ing (sometimes called “long bar” and usually, but not always, the top bar). Shorter,appropriate lengths will necessarily be taken from the other bar(s).6.4 Test SpecimensRandomly take the number of ends per unit in the laboratory sampling unit that is specified in theapplicable test method.D2258/D22

29、58M 1647. Keywords7.1 sampling; yarnASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the ris

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33、ontacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.D2258/D2258M 165