1、Designation: D 2259 02 (Reapproved 2006)e1Standard Test Method forShrinkage of Yarns1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2259; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTESection 11.3 was corrected editorially in July 2006.1. Scope1.1 This test method is used to determine the shrinkage ofyarns in skein form when treate
3、d in boiling water, dry heat,saturated steam, or solvents. This test method is applicable toyarns made from any fiber or combination of fibers where thetex of the yarn is known or can be determined. This test methodis not recommended for elastomeric yarns and those yarns thatstretch more than 5 % un
4、der the tension loadings prescribed,although it has been used for the latter.NOTE 1Procedures for determining yarn shrinkage and bulk proper-ties of textured yarns are covered in Test Method D 4031.1.2 This test method shows the values in both SI andinch-pound units. “SI” units is the technically co
5、rrect name forthe system of metric units known as the International System ofUnits. “Inch-pound” units is the technically correct name forthe customary units used in the United States. The values statedin either SI units or in other units shall be regarded as standard.The values expressed in each sy
6、stem may not be exactequivalents; therefore each system must be used independentlyof the other without combining in any way.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appr
7、o-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 1059 Test Method for Yarn Number Based on Short-Length SpecimensD 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing
8、 TextilesD 1907 Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (YarnNumber) by the Skein MethodD 2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for TestingD 3888 Terminology Relating to Open-End SpinningD 3990 Terminology Relating to Fabric DefectsD 4031 Test Method for Bulk Properties of Textured YarnsD 4848 Terminology
9、of Force, Deformation and RelatedProperties of TextilesD 4849 Terminology Relating to Yarns and FibersE 145 Specification for Gravity-Convection And Forced-Ventilation Ovens3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of textile terms used in this testmethod: skein and skein loop-length, refe
10、r to TerminologyD 4849.3.1.2 For definition of the term extension used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology D 4848.3.1.3 For other textile terms used in this test method, refer toTerminology Standards, D 123, D 3888, D 3990,D 4848 andD 4849.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The loop length of a condi
11、tioned skein of yarn ismeasured under a specific tension, which is sufficient tostraighten but not stretch the skein. The tension-free skein isthen immersed in boiling water or exposed to dry heat orsaturated steam or in the solvent reconditioned, and remea-sured. The shrinkage (or in some cases, gr
12、owth) is calculated asthe change in length expressed as a percentage of the lengthbefore immersion or exposure.5. Significance and Use5.1 Test Method D 2259 for testing yarn for shrinkage inboiling water, saturated steam, dry heat, or solvents is consid-ered satisfactory for acceptance testing of co
13、mmercial ship-ments of yarn because the test method has been used exten-sively in the trade for that purpose.5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is1This test
14、 method is under the jurisdiction of Committee D13 on Textiles and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarn Test Methods, General.Current edition approved June 1, 2006. Published July 2006. Originally approvedin 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 2259 02.2For referen
15、ced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West C
16、onshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.a statistical bias between them, using competent statisticalassistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such compara-tive tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from thesame lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparateresults during
17、initial testing and randomly assigned in equalnumbers to each laboratory. The test results from the labora-tories involved should be compared using a statistical test forunpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testingseries. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found andcorrec
18、ted, or future test results for that material must beadjusted in consideration of the known bias.5.2 Results obtained by this test method can be used for thefollowing purposes:5.2.1 As an aid in predicting the dimensional stability offabrics to wet processing,5.2.2 As an aid in predicting the dimens
19、ional stability offabrics during processing at elevated temperatures, and5.2.3 As a control measure in the manufacture of some typesof fibers.5.3 The shrinkage medium to be used in the test depends onthe requirements of the parties involved.5.4 The procedure for shrinkage in boiling water is de-scri
20、bed in Section 12, for shrinkage in dry heat in Section 13,for shrinkage in saturated steam in Section 14, and forshrinkage in solvents in Section 15. A 30-min exposure time isprescribed for boiling water. In exposure to dry heat, saturatedsteam, or solvents, the extent of change in the length of ya
21、rn isdependent upon the fiber type and upon the time and tempera-ture of the exposure. Fiber types differ in their reaction toelevated temperature as well as the nature of the specificsolvent, and prior fiber history can have a great influence uponthe heat and solvent shrinkage of a yarn. Therefore,
22、 the timeand temperature conditions to be used to determine dry heat orsaturated steam shrinkage must be agreed upon for the particu-lar product involved. In addition, time and temperature condi-tions, and solvent to be used must be agreed upon for solventshrinkage determination for the particular p
23、roduct involved.6. Apparatus and Reagents6.1 ReelA hand or motor-driven reel having a nominalperimeter of 1 m, 1.5 yd, or 1.125 m (Note 2). The reel shouldhave a traversing mechanism that will minimize bunching ofends on the reel, a yarn-tensioning device capable of maintain-ing tension below 1 cN/t
24、ex or 1.0 gf/den, and a yarn length orrevolution indicator. A warning bell that will ring just prior tothe specified number of reel revolutions is recommended. Acollapsible arm is advisable for convenience in skein removal.NOTE 2By agreement, reels of other perimeters, between 1 and 2 m(1 and 2 yd)
25、may be used.6.2 Measuring ScaleA tape or scale accurate to 1 part in1000 is recommended. Any scale length exceeding the reeldiameter by 250 mm or 10 in. allowing for the extension of theskein is satisfactory. The scale should be mounted vertically. Atop hook holds the skein and is mounted with suppo
26、rt surfacein line with the zero index of the scale.6.3 Metal HookA hook designed to hang from the skein,shaped to receive the tensioning weights, and with a massknown to 1 part in 1000. The hook may have a pointer locatedand attached for ease in reading the measuring scale at a pointlevel with the i
27、nside bottom of the skein.6.4 Tensioning MassesAccurate to 1 part in 1000.6.5 For Boiling Water:6.5.1 Container, of sufficient size for 40:1 mass ratio waterbath.6.5.2 Roller Wringer or Centrifugal Extractor.6.5.3 Heat Source, for water bath.6.5.4 Distilled or Demineralized Water.6.5.5 Nonionic Wett
28、ing Agent.6.6 For Dry Heat:6.6.1 Heating OvenA forced-draft oven capable of meet-ing the required temperature and that meets the temperatureuniformity requirements for a Type IIB oven as described inSpecification E 145, Table 1. There must be a means ofsuspending the skeins in the oven. This may be
29、accomplishedwith a rod with cup hooks from which to suspend skeins. Therod may be mounted on a stand for placement in the oven;skeins should not be allowed to touch the sides of the oven.6.7 For Saturated Steam:6.7.1 AutoclaveA pressure vessel capable of sustainingthe temperatures and pressures requ
30、ired, and of such a size thatthe test skeins of yarn can be suspended without touching sidesor bottom of the autoclave.6.8 For Solvents:6.8.1 Hot Plate or Heated BlockA temperature controlledhot plate or heated block which can maintain the temperatureof the solvent in a container to 6 2C or 4F of th
31、e specifiedvalue.6.8.2 Container, of sufficient size for a 40:1 mass ratiosolvent bath.6.9 For Drying Wet Skeins:6.9.1 Drying OvenA ventilated drying oven maintained ata temperature of 65 6 3C or 149 6 5F, in which the yarnspecimens are not exposed to direct radiation from the heatingelements.7. Haz
32、ards7.1 Avoid physical contact with hot water and hot metal andespecially saturated steam (Sections 12, 13, and 14).7.2 Refer to manufacturers safety data sheets (MSDS) onthe operation of the autoclave. Care should be excercised inTABLE 1 Components of Variance as Standard Deviations,Percentage Poin
33、tsPropertiesSingle-OperatorComponentWithin-LaboratoryComponentBetween-LaboratoryComponentShrinkage, boiling water:Nylon spun yarn 0.32 0.60 0.61Nylon filament yarn 0.20 0.76 0.79Polyester spun yarn 0.32 0.31 0.26Polyester filament yarn 0.11 0.32 0.25Acrylic filament yarn 0.22 0.42 0.30Cotton yarn 0.
34、16 0.21 0.19Rayon spun yarn 0.16 0.25 0.21Shrinkage, dry heat:Nylon spun yarn at 150C 0.24 0.23 0.17Nylon filament yarn at 150C 0.20 0.55 0.51Polyester spun yarn at 190C 0.39 0.38 0.26Polyester filament yarn at 190C 0.15 0.65 0.65D 2259 02 (2006)e12venting the autoclave so that physical contact is n
35、ot made withthe saturated steam (Section 14).7.3 Refer to manufacturers material safety data sheets(MSDS) for information on handling, storage, use, and dis-posal of any solvents used in this test method (Section 15).8. Sampling8.1 Division into LotsFor acceptance testing purposes,divide the materia
36、l to be tested into lots as directed in PracticeD 2258.8.2 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing,take at random the number of shipping containers directed inan applicable material specification or other agreement be-tween the purchaser and the supplier, such as an agreement touse Practice
37、 D 2258.NOTE 3Differences between shipping containers, between packageswithin a container, and between specimens within a package are allsources of variability in test results. A realistic specification or otheragreement between the purchaser and the supplier requires a samplingplan that considers t
38、he relative effects of such sources of variability andwhich at the specified limits for shrinkage has a meaningful producersrisk, consumers risk, acceptable quality level, and lot tolerance fractiondefective.8.3 Laboratory SampleAs a laboratory sample for accep-tance testing, take a total of ten pac
39、kages. Select the packagesrandomly from all the packages in the lot sampling units.8.4 Number of SpecimensTest one skein from each pack-age in the laboratory sample.9. Preparation of Specimens9.1 Reel and discard the outer 10 % or 100 m or 110 ydmaterial from each package.9.2 Reel an 80-wrap skein u
40、sing a uniform tension of notover 1 cN/tex or 0.1 gf/den. Lay the yarn smoothly on the reel,overlap, and loosely tie the beginning and trailing ends of theskein. To reduce tangling, the skein may be laced loosely. Thenumber of wraps may be increased or decreased for very fineor very coarse yarns by
41、agreement of the interested parties.9.3 Identify each skein separately.10. Conditioning10.1 Condition the prepared skeins for testing as directed inPractice D 1776, except that preconditioning is not necessary.Consider equilibrium to have been reached when the change inmass of the specimen between s
42、uccessive weighings made atintervals of not less than 2 h does not exceed 0.1 % of the massof the specimen.10.2 Condition the prepared skeins for a minimum of 24 hwhich is sufficient time for yarn recovery from packagewinding tensions as well as to reach the moisture equilibriumconditions specified
43、in 10.1.11. Measurement of Skeins11.1 Make all skein loop length measurements in thestandard atmosphere for testing textiles which is air maintainedat a relative humidity of 65 6 2 % and at a temperature of 216 1C or 706 2F.11.2 Determine the linear density of the yarn if unknown byusing Test Method
44、 D 1907 or Test Method D 1059. In case ofcontroversy, results obtained as directed in Test MethodD 1907 shall prevail.11.3 Calculate a tension force corresponding to 0.5 cN/texor 0.05 gf/den using Eq 1 or Eq 2:Tension force, mN 5 5.0 3 N 3 T (1)Tension force, gf 5 0.05 3 N 3 D (2)where:N = number of
45、 ends; that is twice the number of wraps inthe skein,T = yarn number, tex, andD = yarn number, denier.NOTE 4For example, an 80-wrap skein has 160 ends. For a 16 texyarn, the tension force would be 5.0 3 16 3 160 = 1280 cN = 12.8 N(0.5 3 16 3 160 = 1280 gf = 1.28 kgf).11.4 Measure the loop-length of
46、each conditioned skein.11.4.1 Hang the conditioned skein from the hook at the topof the measuring scale with the inside of the top of the skeinand the zero index of the scale.11.4.2 Hang the hook described in 6.3 on the bottom of theuntwisted skein and add sufficient mass (including the mass ofthe h
47、ook) to produce the force calculated in 11.3.11.4.3 After 30 6 3 s, measure the inside length of the skeinto the nearest 1 mm or116 in.11.4.4 Record the loop-length of each skein.11.5 Twist each skein into a figure 8 and bring the endstogether to form a two-coil loop. Repeat the procedure to forma f
48、our-coil loop.11.6 Continue as directed in Section 12 for boiling water,Section 13 for dry heat, Section 14 for saturated steam, orSection 15 for solvent.12. Boiling Water Exposure12.1 Wrap each skein carefully in cheesecloth and securethe cheesecloth (sewed, tied) to prevent the entanglement ofthe
49、yarn in actively boiling water.12.2 Make up a distilled or demineralized water bath, whichis 40 times the mass of the wrapped skeins, and contains a0.05 % solution of wetting agent by weight.12.3 Bring the bath to a continuously rolling boil andimmerse the skeins for 30 min.NOTE 5A basket may be used to transfer the skeins to and from thebath.12.4 Allow the bath to cool to at least 50C or 122F beforedecanting the solution from the specimens.12.4.1 Do not cool the bath by overflowing or rinsing thespecimens, because the wetting agent will serve as a
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