ASTM D2259-2002(2016) Standard Test Method for Shrinkage of Yarns《纱线收缩性的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: D2259 02 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Test Method forShrinkage of Yarns1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2259; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in par

2、entheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is used to determine the shrinkage ofyarns in skein form when treated in boiling water, dry heat,saturated steam, or solvents. This

3、 test method is applicable toyarns made from any fiber or combination of fibers where thetex of the yarn is known or can be determined.This test methodis not recommended for elastomeric yarns and those yarns thatstretch more than 5 % under the tension loadings prescribed,although it has been used fo

4、r the latter.NOTE 1Procedures for determining yarn shrinkage and bulk proper-ties of textured yarns are covered in Test Method D4031.1.2 This test method shows the values in both SI andinch-pound units. “SI” units is the technically correct name forthe system of metric units known as the Internation

5、al System ofUnits. “Inch-pound” units is the technically correct name forthe customary units used in the United States.The values statedin either SI units or in other units shall be regarded as standard.The values expressed in each system may not be exactequivalents; therefore each system must be us

6、ed independentlyof the other without combining in any way.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bil

7、ity of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1059 Test Method for Yarn Number Based on Short-Length Specimens (Withdrawn 2010)3D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD1907 Test Method for Linear Density of Ya

8、rn (Yarn Num-ber) by the Skein MethodD2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for TestingD3888 Terminology for Yarn Spinning SystemsD3990 Terminology Relating to Fabric DefectsD4031 Test Method for Bulk Properties of Textured YarnsD4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation andRelated Properties of Text

9、ilesD4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and FibersE145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of textile terms used in this testmethod: skein and skein loop-length, refer to TerminologyD4849.3.1.2 For definition of the term

10、 extension used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology D4848.3.1.3 For other textile terms used in this test method, refer toTerminology Standards, D123, D3888, D3990, D4848 andD4849.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The loop length of a conditioned skein of yarn ismeasured under a specific tension, wh

11、ich is sufficient tostraighten but not stretch the skein. The tension-free skein isthen immersed in boiling water or exposed to dry heat orsaturated steam or in the solvent reconditioned, and remea-sured.The shrinkage (or in some cases, growth) is calculated asthe change in length expressed as a per

12、centage of the lengthbefore immersion or exposure.5. Significance and Use5.1 Test Method D2259 for testing yarn for shrinkage inboiling water, saturated steam, dry heat, or solvents is consid-ered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial ship-ments of yarn because the test method has been u

13、sed exten-sively in the trade for that purpose.5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),comparative tests should be performed to determine if there isa statistical bias between them, using competent statistical1This test m

14、ethod is under the jurisdiction of Committee D13 on Textiles and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2016. Published February 2016. Originallyapproved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D2259 02(2011).DOI: 10.1520/D2

15、259-02R16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical stand

16、ard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such compara-tive tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from thesame lot of material as the samp

17、les that resulted in disparateresults during initial testing and randomly assigned in equalnumbers to each laboratory. The test results from the labora-tories involved should be compared using a statistical test forunpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testingseries. If a bias is fo

18、und, either its cause must be found andcorrected, or future test results for that material must beadjusted in consideration of the known bias.5.2 Results obtained by this test method can be used for thefollowing purposes:5.2.1 As an aid in predicting the dimensional stability offabrics to wet proces

19、sing,5.2.2 As an aid in predicting the dimensional stability offabrics during processing at elevated temperatures, and5.2.3 As a control measure in the manufacture of some typesof fibers.5.3 The shrinkage medium to be used in the test depends onthe requirements of the parties involved.5.4 The proced

20、ure for shrinkage in boiling water is de-scribed in Section 12, for shrinkage in dry heat in Section 13,for shrinkage in saturated steam in Section 14, and forshrinkage in solvents in Section 15. A 30-min exposure time isprescribed for boiling water. In exposure to dry heat, saturatedsteam, or solve

21、nts, the extent of change in the length of yarn isdependent upon the fiber type and upon the time and tempera-ture of the exposure. Fiber types differ in their reaction toelevated temperature as well as the nature of the specificsolvent, and prior fiber history can have a great influence uponthe hea

22、t and solvent shrinkage of a yarn. Therefore, the timeand temperature conditions to be used to determine dry heat orsaturated steam shrinkage must be agreed upon for the particu-lar product involved. In addition, time and temperatureconditions, and solvent to be used must be agreed upon forsolvent s

23、hrinkage determination for the particular productinvolved.6. Apparatus and Reagents6.1 ReelA hand or motor-driven reel having a nominalperimeter of 1 m, 1.5 yd, or 1.125 m (Note 2). The reel shouldhave a traversing mechanism that will minimize bunching ofends on the reel, a yarn-tensioning device ca

24、pable of maintain-ing tension below 1 cN/tex or 1.0 gf/den, and a yarn length orrevolution indicator. A warning bell that will ring just prior tothe specified number of reel revolutions is recommended. Acollapsible arm is advisable for convenience in skein removal.NOTE 2By agreement, reels of other

25、perimeters, between 1 and 2 m(1 and 2 yd) may be used.6.2 Measuring ScaleA tape or scale accurate to 1 part in1000 is recommended. Any scale length exceeding the reeldiameter by 250 mm or 10 in. allowing for the extension of theskein is satisfactory. The scale should be mounted vertically.Atop hook

26、holds the skein and is mounted with support surfacein line with the zero index of the scale.6.3 Metal HookA hook designed to hang from the skein,shaped to receive the tensioning weights, and with a massknown to 1 part in 1000. The hook may have a pointer locatedand attached for ease in reading the m

27、easuring scale at a pointlevel with the inside bottom of the skein.6.4 Tensioning MassesAccurate to 1 part in 1000.6.5 For Boiling Water:6.5.1 Container, of sufficient size for 40:1 mass ratio waterbath.6.5.2 Roller Wringer or Centrifugal Extractor.6.5.3 Heat Source, for water bath.6.5.4 Distilled o

28、r Demineralized Water.6.5.5 Nonionic Wetting Agent.6.6 For Dry Heat:6.6.1 Heating OvenA forced-draft oven capable of meet-ing the required temperature and that meets the temperatureuniformity requirements for a Type IIB oven as described inSpecification E145, Table 1. There must be a means ofsuspend

29、ing the skeins in the oven. This may be accomplishedwith a rod with cup hooks from which to suspend skeins. Therod may be mounted on a stand for placement in the oven;skeins should not be allowed to touch the sides of the oven.6.7 For Saturated Steam:6.7.1 AutoclaveA pressure vessel capable of susta

30、iningthe temperatures and pressures required, and of such a size thatthe test skeins of yarn can be suspended without touching sidesor bottom of the autoclave.6.8 For Solvents:6.8.1 Hot Plate or Heated BlockA temperature controlledhot plate or heated block which can maintain the temperatureof the so

31、lvent in a container to 6 2C or 4F of the specifiedvalue.6.8.2 Container, of sufficient size for a 40:1 mass ratiosolvent bath.6.9 For Drying Wet Skeins:6.9.1 Drying OvenA ventilated drying oven maintained ata temperature of 65 6 3C or 149 6 5F, in which the yarnspecimens are not exposed to direct r

32、adiation from the heatingelements.7. Hazards7.1 Avoid physical contact with hot water and hot metal andespecially saturated steam (Sections 12, 13, and 14).TABLE 1 Components of Variance as Standard Deviations,Percentage PointsPropertiesSingle-OperatorComponentWithin-LaboratoryComponentBetween-Labor

33、atoryComponentShrinkage, boiling water:Nylon spun yarn 0.32 0.60 0.61Nylon filament yarn 0.20 0.76 0.79Polyester spun yarn 0.32 0.31 0.26Polyester filament yarn 0.11 0.32 0.25Acrylic filament yarn 0.22 0.42 0.30Cotton yarn 0.16 0.21 0.19Rayon spun yarn 0.16 0.25 0.21Shrinkage, dry heat:Nylon spun ya

34、rn at 150C 0.24 0.23 0.17Nylon filament yarn at 150C 0.20 0.55 0.51Polyester spun yarn at 190C 0.39 0.38 0.26Polyester filament yarn at 190C 0.15 0.65 0.65D2259 02 (2016)27.2 Refer to manufacturers safety data sheets (MSDS) onthe operation of the autoclave. Care should be excercised inventing the au

35、toclave so that physical contact is not made withthe saturated steam (Section 14).7.3 Refer to manufacturers material safety data sheets(MSDS) for information on handling, storage, use, and dis-posal of any solvents used in this test method (Section 15).8. Sampling8.1 Division into LotsFor acceptanc

36、e testing purposes,divide the material to be tested into lots as directed in PracticeD2258.8.2 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing, takeat random the number of shipping containers directed in anapplicable material specification or other agreement betweenthe purchaser and the supplier, s

37、uch as an agreement to usePractice D2258.NOTE 3Differences between shipping containers, between packageswithin a container, and between specimens within a package are allsources of variability in test results. A realistic specification or otheragreement between the purchaser and the supplier require

38、s a samplingplan that considers the relative effects of such sources of variability andwhich at the specified limits for shrinkage has a meaningful producersrisk, consumers risk, acceptable quality level, and lot tolerance fractiondefective.8.3 Laboratory SampleAs a laboratory sample for accep-tance

39、 testing, take a total of ten packages. Select the packagesrandomly from all the packages in the lot sampling units.8.4 Number of SpecimensTest one skein from each pack-age in the laboratory sample.9. Preparation of Specimens9.1 Reel and discard the outer 10 % or 100 m or 110 ydmaterial from each pa

40、ckage.9.2 Reel an 80-wrap skein using a uniform tension of notover 1 cN/tex or 0.1 gf/den. Lay the yarn smoothly on the reel,overlap, and loosely tie the beginning and trailing ends of theskein. To reduce tangling, the skein may be laced loosely. Thenumber of wraps may be increased or decreased for

41、very fineor very coarse yarns by agreement of the interested parties.9.3 Identify each skein separately.10. Conditioning10.1 Condition the prepared skeins for testing as directed inPractice D1776, except that preconditioning is not necessary.Consider equilibrium to have been reached when the change

42、inmass of the specimen between successive weighings made atintervals of not less than 2 h does not exceed 0.1 % of the massof the specimen.10.2 Condition the prepared skeins for a minimum of 24 hwhich is sufficient time for yarn recovery from packagewinding tensions as well as to reach the moisture

43、equilibriumconditions specified in 10.1.11. Measurement of Skeins11.1 Make all skein loop length measurements in thestandard atmosphere for testing textiles which is air maintainedat a relative humidity of 65 6 2 % and at a temperature of 216 1C or 706 2F.11.2 Determine the linear density of the yar

44、n if unknown byusing Test Method D1907 or Test Method D1059. In case ofcontroversy, results obtained as directed in Test Method D1907shall prevail.11.3 Calculate a tension force corresponding to 0.5 cN/texor 0.05 gf/den using Eq 1 or Eq 2:Tension force, cN 5 5.0 3N 3T (1)Tension force, gf 5 0.05 3N

45、3D (2)where:N = number of ends; that is twice the number of wraps in theskein,T = yarn number, tex, andD = yarn number, denier.NOTE 4For example, an 80-wrap skein has 160 ends. For a 16 texyarn, the tension force would be 5.0 16 160 = 1280 cN = 12.8 N(0.5 16 160 = 1280 gf = 1.28 kgf).11.4 Measure th

46、e loop-length of each conditioned skein.11.4.1 Hang the conditioned skein from the hook at the topof the measuring scale with the inside of the top of the skeinand the zero index of the scale.11.4.2 Hang the hook described in 6.3 on the bottom of theuntwisted skein and add sufficient mass (including

47、 the mass ofthe hook) to produce the force calculated in 11.3.11.4.3 After 30 6 3 s, measure the inside length of the skeinto the nearest 1 mm or116 in.11.4.4 Record the loop-length of each skein.11.5 Twist each skein into a figure 8 and bring the endstogether to form a two-coil loop. Repeat the pro

48、cedure to forma four-coil loop.11.6 Continue as directed in Section 12 for boiling water,Section 13 for dry heat, Section 14 for saturated steam, orSection 15 for solvent.12. Boiling Water Exposure12.1 Wrap each skein carefully in cheesecloth and securethe cheesecloth (sewed, tied) to prevent the en

49、tanglement ofthe yarn in actively boiling water.12.2 Make up a distilled or demineralized water bath, whichis 40 times the mass of the wrapped skeins, and contains a0.05 % solution of wetting agent by weight.12.3 Bring the bath to a continuously rolling boil andimmerse the skeins for 30 min.NOTE 5A basket may be used to transfer the skeins to and from thebath.12.4 Allow the bath to cool to at least 50C or 122F beforedecanting the solution from the specimens.12.4.1 Do not cool the bath by overflowing or rinsing thespecimens, because the wetti