1、Designation: D 2293 96 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Test Method forCreep Properties of Adhesives in Shear by CompressionLoading (Metal-to-Metal)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2293; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、 case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the creepproperties of adhesives for bond
3、ing metals when tested on astandard specimen and subjected to certain conditions oftemperature and compressive stress in a spring-loaded testingapparatus.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for informa-tion only.1.3 This standard d
4、oes not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM St
5、andards:2D 907 Terminology of AdhesivesD 1002 Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Ten-sion Loading (Metal-to-Metal)3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsMany terms in this test method are definedin Terminology D 907.4. Significance and Use4.1 This
6、test method is useful in research and developmentfor comparison of creep properties of adhesives, particularly asthose properties are affected by changes in adhesive formula-tion or expected service conditions, including temperature,moisture level, and duration of loading.4.2 The relative size and s
7、implicity of design of the spring-loaded apparatus permits easy portability and transfer from oneenvironment to the next without disturbing static loads.4.3 The relative simplicity of design with inexpensivematerials permits replication of creep tests at relatively lowcosts.5. Apparatus5.1 Compressi
8、on Creep Test Apparatus, as shown in Fig. 1and Fig. 2.5.2 Microscope, calibrated, with Filar microeyepiece and103 objective lens.6. Test Specimens6.1 Test specimens shall conform to the form and dimen-sions shown in Fig. 3. These specimens are similar to thetension lap shear specimens described in T
9、est Method D 1002,except that the length of either side of the shear area shall be6.35 mm (14 in.) rather than 88.9-mm (312-in.) minimum.6.2 A complete description of these specimens and themethod of preparation is given in Sections 6, 7, and 8 of TestMethod D 1002.6.3 For creep measurements, polish
10、 the edges of the bondedarea of each test specimen, and scribe with three fine linesacross the bondline.7. Procedure7.1 To conduct a creep test, center the specimen within theslot between the washer and bushing of the apparatus as shownin Fig. 1. Compress the spring between the two bushings to thede
11、sired load by tightening the nut. The correct load can beapplied by deflecting the spring a given measured amount asdetermined from a calibration curve.7.2 To measure total deflection, observe the average dis-placement of fine razor scratches across the centers of bothsides of the lap joints with a
12、calibrated microscope having aFilar microeyepiece and a 103 objective lens.7.3 If the spring load is allowed to continue to compress thespecimen, the observed initial deflection will be followed by acontinued increasing deflection with time. To provide a com-plete history of creep behavior, measure
13、these deflections1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.80 on MetalBonding Adhesives.Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published April 2008. Originallyapproved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in
14、 2002 as D 2293 96 (2002).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100
15、Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.periodically with the calibrated microscope for as long as thetest is allowed to continue or until the adhesive joint fails.7.4 If a creep curve at other than room temperature isrequired, perform both the specimen loadin
16、g and its subsequentexposure while holding the specimen to the desired tempera-ture. A suitable oven or cold box may be used for this purpose.Under these conditions, the actual creep measurements aremore difficult to obtain. This can be done, however, in one oftwo ways. The microscopic measurements
17、can be madequickly and the specimen and its apparatus returned to itstemperature box before its test temperature has changedappreciably. Or, periodically, additional fine scribe lines can beadded adjacent to the original scratches across the centers ofboth sides of the lap joints and all of the disp
18、lacementsmeasured and calculated in terms of differences from theoriginal scratches at the conclusion of the test. If final scratchesare made just before the specimen is removed from thetemperature box, the displacement measurements can be madeat room temperature and with the specimen unloaded ifdes
19、ired. Furthermore, relaxation of the specimen after unload-ing can also be measured if the displacement readings arecontinued.7.5 If buckling of the specimen occurs due to compressivecreep of the metal, discount the test and redesign the specimen.7.6 Record the total observed average deflection, the
20、 mag-nitude and duration of the compressive stress, and the testtemperature for each specimen.8. Report8.1 Report the following information:8.1.1 Complete description of materials and proceduresused and dimensions of the specimen,8.1.2 Creep of specimen defined as the quotient of the totalmeasured d
21、eflection and the bondline thickness, expressed inmillimetres per millimetre (or inches per inch),8.1.3 Magnitude and duration of the compressive stress andthe test temperature, and8.1.4 Nature of the failure if it occurs before the creep testis completed.ASlotted boltBBushingCSpringpiano wire cylin
22、drical helical compression spring with six activecoils, eight total coils, wound closed, ground square, and cadmium platedDWasher22.25-mm (78-in.) OD, 12.7-mm (12-in.) ID, 1.6 mm (116 in.) thickENut12.7 mm (12 in.)20 NFFTest specimenFIG. 1 Compression Creep Test Apparatus, AssemblyFIG. 2 Compression
23、 Creep Test Apparatus, DetailsFIG. 3 Form and Dimensions of Test SpecimenD 2293 96 (2008)29. Precision and Bias9.1 At the present time, there is no basis for a statement ofprecision and bias concerning the reproducibility of resultsamong laboratories.9.2 The precision and bias of this test method is
24、 a functionof the properties of the cured bondline. Report precision asstandard deviation of the data and standard error of the mean.10. Keywords10.1 creep; metal-to-metal bonds; shear by compressionloadingASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in
25、connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the res
26、ponsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive caref
27、ul consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International
28、, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 2293 96 (2008)3
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