1、Designation: D 2295 96 (Reapproved 2002)Standard Test Method forStrength Properties of Adhesives in Shear by TensionLoading at Elevated Temperatures (Metal-to-Metal)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2295; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforig
2、inal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the com-parative
3、shear strengths of adhesives for bonding metals whentested on a standard specimen and under specified conditions ofpreparation and testing at elevated temperatures.1.2 This test method is applicable to the temperature rangefrom 315 to 850C (600 to 1500F).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be r
4、egarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to consult andestablish appropriate safety and health practic
5、es and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:A 167 Specification for Stainless and Heat-ResistingChromium-Nickel Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip2D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics3D 907 Terminology of Adhesives4D
6、 1002 Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Ten-sion Loading (Metal-to-Metal)42.2 Military Specifications:MIL-S-25043 Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip53. Terminology3.1 Many terms in this test method are defined in Terminol-ogy D 907.4. Signifi
7、cance and Use4.1 Comparative strength of adhesive bonds at elevatedtemperatures allows for better selection of adhesives that mustperform at temperatures above normal. This test method isuseful in supplying such information.5. Apparatus5.1 Testing Machine, conforming to the requirements of TestMetho
8、d D 638. Use pin-type grips as shown in Fig. 1 to holdthe test specimen.5.2 Heating Equipment, consisting of a radiant heat source,backed by a high-efficiency reflector for the purpose ofobtaining the desired heat flux. A suitable lamp arrangementfor heating a specimen is shown in Fig. 2.66. Test Sp
9、ecimens6.1 Cut test specimens from panels shown in Fig. 3(a).These test specimens form and dimensions are shown in Fig.3(b). The specimens are similar to the tension lap shearspecimen described in Fig. 1 of Test Method D 1002, exceptthat pin-type grips are used.6.2 Base the selection of materials on
10、 the test temperaturerange. The following grades of steel are recommended, al-though use of other types of heat-resistant steel is permitted:Metal DesignationSteel, corrosion-resistant (18-8) plate, sheet, andstripA 167, Type 302Steel plate, sheet, and strip 17-7PH, TH 1050, cor-rosion-resistant, pr
11、ecipitation hardenedMIL-S-25043The nominal thickness for the sheet 1.270 mm (0.050 in.).7. Preparation of Test Specimens7.1 Cut test specimens as shown in Fig. 3(b) to dimensionsfrom the test panel. Measure the width of the specimen and thelength of the overlap to the nearest 0.25 mm (0.01 in.).7.2
12、Prepare test specimens by bonding individual strips asshown in Fig. 3(b). Machine unbonded individual strips to sizeand free from burrs or other irregularities.7.3 Uniformly coat both sides of the dummy and testspecimens with carbon black as shown in Fig. 3(b).1This test method is under the jurisdic
13、tion of ASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.80 on MetalBonding Adhesives.Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1996. Published November 1996. Originallypublished as D 2295 64 T. Last previous edition D 2295 92.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.3An
14、nual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.06.5Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-50986The General Electric 100 T3/CL tubular quartz lamp has been found suitablefor this purpose.
15、A lamp-reflector combination suitable for this purpose may beobtained from Research, Inc., Northfield, MN.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.8. Procedure8.1 Place the specimens in the pin-type grips of the testingmachine
16、 so that the long axis of the test specimen coincideswith the direction of applied pull through the center line of thegrip assembly.8.2 Heat the specimen uniformly in the bond area using aradiant source. Ensure that the required bondline temperature isreached within a prescribed period of time.8.3 P
17、erform a temperature calibration on a dummy speci-men prior to test. Calibrate the bond temperature using twothermocouples positioned in the geometric center of the bond.Embed one thermocouple in the center of the bond andsuperimpose and bond or spot weld the other to the outersurface (Fig. 4). If s
18、pot welding is employed, do this in such away as not to cause damage to the bond. Bring the bond totemperature using the embedded thermocouple as the monitorand simultaneously recording the external temperature.8.4 Test the specimen as follows:8.4.1 Allow no slack in the test fixture just prior to a
19、pplyingload. If a preload is used, do not exceed 345 kPa (50 psi) atambient temperature.8.4.2 Control the temperature by the external thermocouplewhich has been calibrated in accordance with 6.3.8.4.3 Establish the heating rate and time at steady state forbondline temperature.8.4.4 The test temperat
20、ure tolerance is 61%.8.4.5 Unless otherwise specified, load the test specimen tofailure at a rate of 8.3 to 9.7 MPa (1200 to 1400 psi)/min.8.5 Record the load at failure and the nature and amount ofthis failure (cohesion in adhesive or metal, or adhesion) foreach specimen. Express all failing loads
21、in megapascals (orpounds-force per square inch) and if possible, report to threesignificant figures.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 Complete identification of the adhesive tested, includ-ing type, source, manufacturers code numbers, form, and soforth,9.1.2 Complete identification
22、 of the metal used, its thick-ness, and the method of cleaning and preparing its surfacesprior to bonding,9.1.3 Application and bonding conditions used in preparingthe specimens,9.1.4 Length of overlap used,FIG. 1 Specimen HolderFIG. 2 Heat Lamp Arrangement(a)(b)FIG. 3 Form and Dimension of Bonded P
23、anel and Test SpecimenFIG. 4 Thermocouple LocationD 2295 96 (2002)29.1.5 Conditioning procedure used for specimens prior totesting,9.1.6 Test temperature,9.1.7 Number of specimens tested,9.1.8 Number of joints represented,9.1.9 Maximum, minimum, and average values for the loadat failure,9.1.10 Natur
24、e of the failure, including the average estimatedpercent of failure in the cohesion of the adhesive, contactfailure, and adhesion to the metal, and9.1.11 Average thickness of adhesive layer after formationof the joint, within 0.025 mm (0.001 in.). The method ofobtaining the thickness of the adhesive
25、 layer shall be describedincluding procedure, location of measurements, and range ofmeasurements.10. Precision and Bias10.1 A precision and bias statement does not exist for thistest method because resources necessary for round-robin test-ing have not been forthcoming.11. Keywords11.1 elevated-tempe
26、rature; metal; shear; tensionASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof inf
27、ringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this stand
28、ard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your vi
29、ews known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 2295 96 (2002)3
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