1、Designation: D 235 02Standard Specification forMineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon DryCleaning Solvent)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 235; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea
2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope *1.1 This specification covers fou
3、r types of hydrocarbonsolvents, normally petroleum distillates, used primarily in thecoatings and dry-cleaning industries. “Mineral spirits” is themost common name for these solvents. They are also called“Stoddard Solvents” when used for dry cleaning.1.2 For specific hazard information and guidance,
4、 see thesuppliers Material Safety Data Sheet for materials listed in thisspecification.1.3 The following applies to all specified limits in thisstandard; for purposes of determining conformance with thisstandard, an observed value or a calculated value shall berounded off “to the nearest unit” in th
5、e last right-hand digitused in expressing the specification limit, in accordance withthe rounding-off method of Practice E 29.1.4 The following hazard caveat pertains only to the testmethod portion, 6.1.10, of this specification. This standarddoes not purport to address all of the safety concerns, i
6、f any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed CupTe
7、ster2D 86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric Pressure2D 130 Test Method for Detection of Copper Corrosion fromPetroleum Products by the Copper Strip Tarnish Test2D 156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Saybolt Chromometer Method)2D 268 Guide for Samp
8、ling and Testing Volatile Solventsand Chemical Intermediates for Use in Paint and RelatedCoatings and Materials3D 1133 Test Method for Kauri-Butanol Value of Hydrocar-bon Solvents3D 1159 Test Method for Bromine Number of PetroleumDistillates and Commercial Aliphatic Olefins by Electro-metric Titrati
9、on2D 1209 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-Cobalt Scale)3D 1296 Test Method for Odor of Volatile Solvents andDiluents3D 2710 Test Method for Bromine Index of Petroleum Hy-drocarbons by Electrometric Titration2D 3227 Test Method for (Thiol Mercaptan) Sulfur in Gaso-line, Kerosine, Avi
10、ation Turbine, and Distillate Fuels(Potentiometric Method)2D 3257 Test Methods for Aromatics in Mineral Spirits byGas Chromatography3D 3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by SmallScale Closed-Cup Apparatus4E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with
11、Specifications5E 300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals62.2 U.S. Federal Specification:PPP-C-2020 Chemical, Liquid, Dry, and Paste: Packagingof73. Classification3.1 Mineral spirits shall be of the following types asspecified:3.1.1 Type IFull Range.3.1.2 Type IIHigh Flash Point.3.1.3 Type III
12、Odorless.3.1.4 Type IVLow Dry Point.3.2 Mineral spirits types may be further differentiated basedon aromatics content as follows:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintsand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommit
13、tee D01.35 on Solvents, Plasticizers, and Chemical Intermediates.Current edition approved Dec. 10, 2002. Published February 2003. Originallyapproved in 1926. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 235 99.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04.4Annual
14、 Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.6Discontinued; see 2001 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05.7Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098.1*A Summary of Changes section
15、appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.1 Class A8 to 22 vol % aromatics.3.2.2 Class B2 to 8 max vol % aromatics.3.2.3 Class Cless than 2 vol % aromatics.4. Properties4.1 The physical an
16、d chemical properties of the differenttypes and classes of mineral spirits shall conform to therequirements specified in Table 1.5. Sampling5.1 The material shall be sampled in accordance withPractice E 300.6. Test Methods6.1 The properties enumerated in this specification shall bedetermined in acco
17、rdance with the following ASTM testmethods:6.1.1 Bromine NumberTest Method D 1159. Brominenumber is expressed as g bromine reacted per 100-g sample.For products having low olefin contents, Bromine Index (mgbromine reacted per 100-g sample) by Test Method D 2710may be used.6.1.2 ColorTest Method D 15
18、6 or Test Method D 1209. Incase of dispute, Test Method D 156 shall be the referee method.TABLE 1 Physical and Chemical Properties of Mineral SpiritsType I Full Range Mineral Spirits ? Type II High Flash PointClass A Class BAClass CA? Class A Class BAClass CAAromatic Content, range, vol % 822 28 max
19、 02 822 28 max 02Commercial reference regular rule 66 low aromatic regular rule 66 low aromaticAppearance clear and free of suspended matter when observed at 6078FFlash point, F (C), min 100 (38) 100 (38) 100 (38) 142 (61) 142 (61) 142 (61)Color, min not darker than + 25 on Saybolt Scale or 25 on Pt
20、-Co ScaleKauri-Butanol value,min 34 29 28 33 29 28max 43 40 39 43 40 39Bromine Number, max 5 1 0.1 5 1 0.1OdorBcharacteristic, as agreed between purchaser and supplierDoctor test negativeDistillation, F (C)Initial boiling point, min 300 (149) 300 (149) 300 (149) 350 (177) 350 (177) 350 (177)50 % Rec
21、overed, max 365 (185) 365 (185) 365 (185) 395 (202) 395 (202) 395 (202)Dry point, max 415 (213) 415 (213) 415 (213) 415 (213) 415 (213) 415 (213)Residue from distillation:Vol%,max 1.5Acidity neutralCopper corrosion, max rating 2AApparent Specific Gravity 60/60F(15.6/15.6C)min 0.754 0.754 0.754 0.768
22、 0.768 0.768max 0.820 0.810 0.800 0.820 0.810 0.810Type III OdorlessC? Type IV Low Dry PointClass C-1AClass C-2A? Class A Class BAClass CAAromatic Content, range, vol % 00.25 00.25 822 28 max 02Commercial Reference odorless odorless regular rule 66 low aromaticAppearance clear and free of suspended
23、matter when observed at 6078FFlash Point, F (C), min 100 (38) 100 (38) 100 (38) 100 (38) 100 (38)Color, min not darker than + 25 on Saybolt Scale or 25 on Pt-Co ScaleKauri-Butanol value,min . . 34 29 28max 29 29 43 41 40Bromine Number, max 0.1 5 5 1 0.1OdorBcharacteristic as agreed between purchaser
24、 and supplierDoctor Test negativeDistillation, F (C)Initial boiling point, min 300 (149) 300 (149) 300 (149) 300 (149) 300 (149)50 % Recovered, max 385 (196) 385 (196) 345 (174) 345 (174) 345 (174)Dry point, max 415 (213) 415 (213) 365 (185) 365 (185) 365 (185)Residue from distillationVol% , max 1.5
25、Acidity neutralCopper Corrosion, max rating 2AApparent Specific Gravity 60/60F(15.6/15.6C)min 0.740 0.740 0.754 0.754 0.754max 0.775 0.775 0.810 0.800 0.790AMineral Spirits of Types I, II, III, and IV may be commercially available as Classes B and C to meet certain air pollution regulations (for exa
26、mple, “Rule 66”) which setmaximum limits on certain constituents as follows: toluene and ethylbenzene 20 vol %, C8and higher aromatics 8 vol %, olefins 5 vol %; the sum of all restrictedconstituents not to exceed 20 vol %.BOptional: Test for odor only when agreed as necessary by purchaser and suppli
27、er.COnly products that have a very high isoparaffinic hydrocarbon content, that is, approaching 100 %, are considered to fit the odorless category. Type III Class C-1 ishydrogenated product; Class C-2 is a distillation fraction.D2350226.1.3 CorrosionTest Method D 130. Perform test underthe prescribe
28、d conditions for3hat100C.6.1.4 DistillationTest Method D 86.6.1.5 Flash PointTest Method D 56 or Test MethodsD 3278. In case of dispute, Test Method D 56 shall be thereferee method.6.1.6 Kauri-Butanol ValueTest Method D 1133.6.1.7 OdorTest Method D 1296. Samples of particulartypes of products being
29、tested, having odor characteristicssatisfactory to consumer and producer, are to be used asreference standards for comparison.6.1.8 Mercaptan SulfurTest Method D 3227.6.1.9 Apparent Specific GravityDetermine the apparentspecific gravity by any convenient method that is accurate tothe third decimal p
30、lace, the temperature of both specimen andwater being 15.6C. See Guide D 268.6.1.10 Doctor Test:6.1.10.1 Preparation of Doctor (Sodium Plumbite)SolutionDissolve approximately 125 g of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) in 1 L of reagent water. Add 60 g of lead monoxide(PbO) and shake vigorously for 15 min., or
31、let stand withoccasional shakings for at least a day. Allow to settle anddecant or siphon off the clear liquid. If the solution does notsettle clear, filter it through filter paper. Keep the solution in atightly corked bottle and refilter before use if not perfectlyclear.6.1.10.2 ProcedureShake vigo
32、rously together in a testtube 10 mL of the solvent being tested and 5 mL of sodiumplumbite solution for about 15 s. Add a small amount of pure,dry flowers of sulfur so that practically all of it floats on theinterface between the solvent and the sodium plumbite solutionafter shaking. Again shake for
33、 15 s, allow to settle and observewithin 2 min.6.1.10.3 Interpretation of ResultsIf the solvent is discol-ored or if the yellow color of the sulfur film is noticeablymasked, consider the test positive and the solvent as “sour.” Ifthe sample remains unchanged in color and the sulfur film isbright yel
34、low or only slightly discolored with gray or fleckedwith black, consider the test negative and the solvent as“sweet.”6.1.10.4 If the doctor test result is positive, mercaptancontent may be determined using Test Method D 3227 andreported.6.1.11 AromaticsTest Methods D 3257.7. Packaging and Package Ma
35、rking7.1 Package size shall be agreed upon by the purchaser andthe supplier.7.2 Packaging shall conform to applicable carrier rules andregulations or when specified shall conform to Fed. Spec.PPP-C-2020.8. Keywords8.1 Doctor test; hydrocarbon dry cleaning solvents; mineralspirits; solvents; Stoddard
36、 SolventSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D01.35 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D 235 - 99) that may impact the use of this standard.(1) Added Practice E 29 on significant digits to the Scope.(2) Added Practice E 29 to the Referenced Documents section
37、.(3) In Table 1, increased midpoint distillation values to allowproduction of lower vapor pressure products for Types I and II.(4) Revised Karui-Butanol specfication limits in Table 1 toreflect current manufacturers production values.(5) Corrected obvious typographical error in Apparent SpecificGrav
38、ity for Type IB in Table 1.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infri
39、ngement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standar
40、d or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your view
41、s known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D235023
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