1、Designation: D 235 02 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Specification forMineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon DryCleaning Solvent)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 235; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specifi
3、cation covers four types of hydrocarbonsolvents, normally petroleum distillates, used primarily in thecoatings and dry-cleaning industries. “Mineral spirits” is themost common name for these solvents. They are also called“Stoddard Solvents” when used for dry cleaning.1.2 For specific hazard informat
4、ion and guidance, see thesuppliers Material Safety Data Sheet for materials listed in thisspecification.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 The following applies to all specified limits in thisstandard; for
5、purposes of determining conformance with thisstandard, an observed value or a calculated value shall berounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digitused in expressing the specification limit, in accordance withthe rounding-off method of Practice E 29.1.5 The following hazard caveat
6、pertains only to the testmethod portion, 6.1.10, of this specification. This standarddoes not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the appl
7、icability of regulatory limitations priorto use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD 130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper fromPetroleum Products by Copp
8、er Strip TestD 156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Saybolt Chromometer Method)D 268 Guide for Sampling and Testing Volatile Solventsand Chemical Intermediates for Use in Paint and RelatedCoatings and MaterialD 1133 Test Method for Kauri-Butanol Value of Hydrocar-bon SolventsD 1
9、159 Test Method for Bromine Numbers of PetroleumDistillates and Commercial Aliphatic Olefins by Electro-metric TitrationD 1209 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-Cobalt Scale)D 1296 Test Method for Odor of Volatile Solvents andDiluentsD 2710 Test Method for Bromine Index of Petroleum H
10、y-drocarbons by Electrometric TitrationD 3227 Test Method for (Thiol Mercaptan) Sulfur in Gaso-line, Kerosine, Aviation Turbine, and Distillate Fuels(Potentiometric Method)D 3257 Test Methods for Aromatics in Mineral Spirits byGas ChromatographyD 3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small
11、Scale Closed-Cup ApparatusE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE 300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals2.2 U.S. Federal Specification:PPP-C-2020 Chemical, Liquid, Dry, and Paste: Packagingof33. Classification3.1 Mineral spirits sha
12、ll be of the following types asspecified:3.1.1 Type IFull Range.3.1.2 Type IIHigh Flash Point.3.1.3 Type IIIOdorless.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.35 on
13、 Solvents, Plasticizers, and Chemical Intermediates.Current edition approved June 1, 2007. Published April 2008. Originallyapproved in 1926. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 235 02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at ser
14、viceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/www.dodssp.daps.mil.1*A Summary of
15、Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.4 Type IVLow Dry Point.3.2 Mineral spirits types may be further differentiated basedon aromatics content as follows:3.2.1 Class A8
16、 to 22 vol % aromatics.3.2.2 Class B2 to 8 max vol % aromatics.3.2.3 Class Cless than 2 vol % aromatics.4. Properties4.1 The physical and chemical properties of the differenttypes and classes of mineral spirits shall conform to therequirements specified in Table 1.TABLE 1 Physical and Chemical Prope
17、rties of Mineral SpiritsType I Full Range Mineral Spirits ? Type II High Flash PointClass A Class BAClass CA? Class A Class BAClass CAAromatic Content, range, vol % 822 28 max 02 822 28 max 02Commercial reference regular rule 66 low aromatic regular rule 66 low aromaticAppearance clear and free of s
18、uspended matter when observed at 6078FFlash point, C (F), min 38 (100) 38 (100) 38 (100) 61 (142) 61 (142) 61 (142)Color, min not darker than + 25 on Saybolt Scale or 25 on Pt-Co ScaleKauri-Butanol value,min 34 29 28 33 29 28max 43 40 39 43 40 39Bromine Number, max 5 1 0.1 5 1 0.1OdorBcharacteristic
19、, as agreed between purchaser and supplierDoctor test negativeDistillation, C (F)Initial boiling point, min 149 (300) 149 (300) 149 (300) 177 (350) 177 (350) 177 (350)50 % Recovered, max 185 (365) 185 (365) 185 (365) 202 (395) 202 (395) 202 (395)Dry point, max 213 (415) 213 (415) 213 (415) 213 (415)
20、 213 (415) 213 (415)Residue from distillation:Vol%,max 1.5Acidity neutralCopper corrosion, max rating 2AApparent Specific Gravity15.6/15.6C (60/60F)min 0.754 0.754 0.754 0.768 0.768 0.768max 0.820 0.810 0.800 0.820 0.810 0.810Type III OdorlessC? Type IV Low Dry PointClass C-1AClass C-2A? Class A Cla
21、ss BAClass CAAromatic Content, range, vol % 00.25 00.25 822 28 max 02Commercial Reference odorless odorless regular rule 66 low aromaticAppearance clear and free of suspended matter when observed at 6078FFlash Point, C (F), min 38 (100) 38 (100) 38 (100) 38 (100) 38 (100)Color, min not darker than +
22、 25 on Saybolt Scale or 25 on Pt-Co ScaleKauri-Butanol value,min . . 34 29 28max 29 29 43 41 40Bromine Number, max 0.1 5 5 1 0.1OdorBcharacteristic as agreed between purchaser and supplierDoctor Test negativeDistillation, C (F)Initial boiling point, min 149 (300) 149 (300) 149 (300) 149 (300) 149 (3
23、00)50 % Recovered, max 196 (385) 196 (385) 174 (345) 174 (345) 174 (345)Dry point, max 213 (415) 213 (415) 185 (365) 185 (365) 185 (365)Residue from distillationVol% , max 1.5Acidity neutralCopper Corrosion, max rating 2AApparent Specific Gravity15.6/15.6C (60/60F)min 0.740 0.740 0.754 0.754 0.754ma
24、x 0.775 0.775 0.810 0.800 0.790AMineral Spirits of Types I, II, III, and IV may be commercially available as Classes B and C to meet certain air pollution regulations (for example, “Rule 66”) which setmaximum limits on certain constituents as follows: toluene and ethylbenzene 20 vol %, C8and higher
25、aromatics 8 vol %, olefins 5 vol %; the sum of all restrictedconstituents not to exceed 20 vol %.BOptional: Test for odor only when agreed as necessary by purchaser and supplier.COnly products that have a very high isoparaffinic hydrocarbon content, that is, approaching 100 %, are considered to fit
26、the odorless category. Type III Class C-1 ishydrogenated product; Class C-2 is a distillation fraction.D 235 02 (2007)25. Sampling5.1 The material shall be sampled in accordance withPractice E 300.6. Test Methods6.1 The properties enumerated in this specification shall bedetermined in accordance wit
27、h the following ASTM testmethods:6.1.1 Bromine NumberTest Method D 1159. Brominenumber is expressed as g bromine reacted per 100-g sample.For products having low olefin contents, Bromine Index (mgbromine reacted per 100-g sample) by Test Method D 2710may be used.6.1.2 ColorTest Method D 156 or Test
28、Method D 1209.Incase of dispute, Test Method D 156 shall be the referee method.6.1.3 CorrosionTest Method D 130. Perform test underthe prescribed conditions for3hat100C.6.1.4 DistillationTest Method D86.6.1.5 Flash PointTest Method D56 or Test MethodsD 3278. In case of dispute, Test Method D56 shall
29、 be thereferee method.6.1.6 Kauri-Butanol ValueTest Method D 1133.6.1.7 OdorTest Method D 1296. Samples of particulartypes of products being tested, having odor characteristicssatisfactory to consumer and producer, are to be used asreference standards for comparison.6.1.8 Mercaptan SulfurTest Method
30、 D 3227.6.1.9 Apparent Specific GravityDetermine the apparentspecific gravity by any convenient method that is accurate tothe third decimal place, the temperature of both specimen andwater being 15.6C. See Guide D 268.6.1.10 Doctor Test:6.1.10.1 Preparation of Doctor (Sodium Plumbite)SolutionDissolv
31、e approximately 125 g of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) in 1 L of reagent water. Add 60 g of lead monoxide(PbO) and shake vigorously for 15 min., or let stand withoccasional shakings for at least a day. Allow to settle anddecant or siphon off the clear liquid. If the solution does notsettle clear, filter it
32、 through filter paper. Keep the solution in atightly corked bottle and refilter before use if not perfectlyclear.6.1.10.2 ProcedureShake vigorously together in a testtube 10 mL of the solvent being tested and 5 mL of sodiumplumbite solution for about 15 s. Add a small amount of pure,dry flowers of s
33、ulfur so that practically all of it floats on theinterface between the solvent and the sodium plumbite solutionafter shaking. Again shake for 15 s, allow to settle and observewithin 2 min.6.1.10.3 Interpretation of ResultsIf the solvent is discol-ored or if the yellow color of the sulfur film is not
34、iceablymasked, consider the test positive and the solvent as “sour.” Ifthe sample remains unchanged in color and the sulfur film isbright yellow or only slightly discolored with gray or fleckedwith black, consider the test negative and the solvent as“sweet.”6.1.10.4 If the doctor test result is posi
35、tive, mercaptancontent may be determined using Test Method D 3227 andreported.6.1.11 AromaticsTest Methods D 3257.7. Packaging and Package Marking7.1 Package size shall be agreed upon by the purchaser andthe supplier.7.2 Packaging shall conform to applicable carrier rules andregulations or when spec
36、ified shall conform to Fed. Spec.PPP-C-2020.8. Keywords8.1 Doctor test; hydrocarbon dry cleaning solvents; mineralspirits; solvents; Stoddard SolventSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D01.3 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D 235 02) that may impact the u
37、se of this standard. (Approved June 1, 2007.)(1) Added SI units to the Scope section. (2) Reversed values in Table 1 to show SI units first.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this
38、standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years
39、 andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committe
40、e, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 235 02 (2007)3
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