ASTM D323-2015 Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)《石油产品蒸气压力的标准试验方法 (雷德法)》.pdf

1、Designation: D323 08 (Reapproved 2014)D323 15Standard Test Method forVapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D323; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y

2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This test method c

3、overs procedures for the determination of vapor pressure (see Note 1) of gasoline, volatile crude oil, andother volatile petroleum products.1.2 Procedure A is applicable to gasoline and other petroleum products with a vapor pressure of less than 180 kPa (26 psi).1.3 Procedure B may also be applicabl

4、e to these other materials, but only gasoline was included in the interlaboratory testprogram to determine the precision of this test method.1.4 Procedure C is for materials with a vapor pressure of greater than 180 kPa (26 psi).1.5 Procedure D for aviation gasoline with a vapor pressure of approxim

5、ately 50 kPa (7 psi).NOTE 1Because the external atmospheric pressure is counteracted by the atmospheric pressure initially present in the vapor chamber, the Reid vaporpressure is an absolute pressure at 37.8C (100F)37.8 C (100 F) in kilopascals (pounds-force per square inch). The Reid vapor pressure

6、 differs fromthe true vapor pressure of the sample due to some small sample vaporization and the presence of water vapor and air in the confined space.1.6 This test method is not applicable to liquefied petroleum gases or fuels containing oxygenated compounds other than methylt-butyl ether (MTBE). F

7、or determination of the vapor pressure of liquefied petroleum gases, refer to Test Method D1267 or TestMethod D6897. For determination of the vapor pressure of gasoline-oxygenate blends, refer to Test Method D4953. The precisionfor crude oil has not been determined since the early 1950s (see Note 3)

8、. Test Method D6377 has been approved as a method fordetermination of vapor pressure of crude oil. IP 481 is a test method for determination of the air-saturated vapor pressure of crudeoil.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for i

9、nformation only.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.

10、Specific warning statements are given in Sections 7 and 18, and 12.5.3, 15.5, 21.2, A1.1.2, A1.1.6, andA2.3.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1267 Test Method for Gage Vapor Pressure of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases (LP-Gas Method)D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petrol

11、eum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and LubricantsD4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)D6377 Test Method for Determination of Vapor Pressure of Crude Oil: VPCRx (Expansion Method)D6897 Test Method for Vapor Pr

12、essure of Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) (Expansion Method)E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid

13、 Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.08 on Volatility.Current edition approved June 1, 2014April 1, 2015. Published July 2014May 2015. Originally approved in 1930. Last previous edition approved in 2008 (2014) asD323D323 08 (2014).08. DOI: 10.1520/D0323-08R14.10

14、.1520/D0323-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is i

15、ntended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the cu

16、rrent versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.2 Energy Institute Standard

17、s:IP 481 Test Method for Determination of the Air Saturated Vapour Pressure (ASVP) of Crude Oil33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Bourdon spring gauge, npressure measuring device that employs a Bourdon tube connected to an indicator.3.1.2 Bourdon tube, nflattened metal tube bent to a curve that st

18、raightens under internal pressure.3.1.3 gasoline-oxygenate blend, nspark-ignition engine fuel consisting primarily of gasoline with one or more oxygenates.3.1.4 oxygenate, noxygen-containing ashless organic compound, such as an alcohol or ether, which may be used as a fuel orfuel supplement. D41753.

19、1.5 Reid vapor pressure (RVP), nresultant total pressure reading, corrected for measuring error, of a specific empirical testmethod (Test Method D323) for measuring the vapor pressure of gasoline and other volatile products.3.1.6 vapor pressure, npressure exerted by the vapor of a liquid when in equ

20、ilibrium with the liquid. D41753.2 Abbreviations:3.2.1 ASVP, nair saturated vapor pressure.3.2.2 LPG, nliquefied petroleum gases.3.2.3 MTBE, nmethyl t-butyl ether.3.2.4 RVP, nReid Vapor Pressure.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The liquid chamber of the vapor pressure apparatus is filled with the chille

21、d sample and connected to the vapor chamberthat has been heated to 37.8C (100F)37.8 C (100 F) in a bath. The assembled apparatus is immersed in a bath at 37.8C(100F)37.8 C (100 F) until a constant pressure is observed. The reading, suitably corrected, is reported as the Reid vaporpressure.4.2 All fo

22、ur procedures utilize liquid and vapor chambers of the same internal volume. Procedure B utilizes a semiautomaticapparatus immersed in a horizontal bath and rotated while attaining equilibrium. Either a Bourdon gauge or pressure transducermay be used with this procedure. Procedure C utilizes a liqui

23、d chamber with two valved openings. Procedure D requires morestringent limits on the ratio of the liquid and vapor chambers.5. Significance and Use5.1 Vapor pressure is an important physical property of volatile liquids. This test method is used to determine the vapor pressureat 37.8C (100F)37.8 C (

24、100 F) of petroleum products and crude oils with initial boiling point above 0C (32F).0 C (32 F).5.2 Vapor pressure is critically important for both automotive and aviation gasolines, affecting starting, warm-up, and tendencyto vapor lock with high operating temperatures or high altitudes. Maximum v

25、apor pressure limits for gasoline are legally mandatedin some areas as a measure of air pollution control.5.3 Vapor pressure of crude oils is of importance to the crude producer and the refiner for general handling and initial refinerytreatment.5.4 Vapor pressure is also used as an indirect measure

26、of the evaporation rate of volatile petroleum solvents.6. Apparatus6.1 The required apparatus for Procedures A, C, and D is described in Annex A1. Apparatus for Procedure B is described inAnnex A2.7. Hazards7.1 Gross errors can be obtained in vapor pressure measurements if the prescribed procedure i

27、s not followed carefully. Thefollowing list emphasizes the importance of strict adherence to the precautions given in the procedure:7.1.1 Checking the Pressure GaugeCheck all gauges against a pressure measuring device (see A1.6) after each test to ensurehigher precision of results (see 12.4). Read t

28、he gauge while in a vertical position and after tapping it lightly.7.1.2 Checking for LeaksCheck all apparatus before and during each test for both liquid and vapor leaks (see Note 5).7.1.3 SamplingBecause initial sampling and the handling of samples will greatly affect the final results, employ the

29、 utmostprecaution and the most meticulous care to avoid losses through evaporation and even slight changes in composition (see Section8 and 12.1). In no case shall any part of the Reid apparatus itself be used as the sample container prior to actually conducting thetest.3 Available from Energy Insti

30、tute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR, U.K., http:/www.energyinst.org.uk.D323 1527.1.4 Purging the ApparatusThoroughly purge the pressure gauge, the liquid chamber, and the vapor chamber to be sure thatthey are free of residual sample. This is most conveniently done at the end of the test in p

31、reparation for the next test (see 12.5 and15.5).7.1.5 Coupling the ApparatusCarefully observe the requirements of 12.2.7.1.6 Shaking the ApparatusShake the apparatus vigorously as directed to ensure equilibrium.8. Sampling8.1 The extreme sensitivity of vapor pressure measurements to losses through e

32、vaporation and the resulting changes incomposition is such as to require the utmost precaution and the most meticulous care in the handling of samples. The provisionsof this section shall apply to all samples for vapor pressure determinations, except as specifically excluded for samples havingvapor

33、pressures above 180 kPa (26 psi); 180 kPa (26 psi); see Section 19.8.2 Sampling shall be done in accordance with Practice D4057.8.3 Sample Container SizeThe size of the sample container from which the vapor pressure sample is taken shall be 1 L (1 qt).1 L (1 qt). It shall be 7070 % to 80 % filled wi

34、th sample.8.3.1 The present precision statement has been derived using samples in 1-L(1-qt)1 L(1 qt) containers. However, samples takenin containers of other sizes as prescribed in Practice D4057 can be used if it is recognized that the precision could be affected. Inthe case of referee testing, the

35、 1-L (1-qt)1 L (1 qt) sample container shall be mandatory.8.4 The Reid vapor pressure determination shall be performed on the first test specimen withdrawn from the sample container.The remaining sample in the container cannot be used for a second vapor pressure determination. If necessary, obtain a

36、 newsample.8.4.1 Protect samples from excessive heat prior to testing.8.4.2 Do not test samples in leaky containers. They should be discarded and new samples obtained.8.5 Sampling Handling TemperatureIn all cases, cool the sample container and contents to 00 C to 1C (321 C (32 F to34F)34 F) before t

37、he container is opened. Sufficient time to reach this temperature shall be ensured by direct measurement ofthe temperature of a similar liquid in a like container placed in the cooling bath at the same time as the sample.9. Report9.1 Report the result observed in 12.4 or 15.4, after correcting for a

38、ny difference between the gauge and the pressure measuringdevice (see A1.6), to the nearest 0.25 kPa (0.05 psi) 0.25 kPa (0.05 psi) as the Reid vapor pressure.10. Precison and Bias10.1 The following criteria are to be used for judging the acceptability of results (95 % confidence):10.1.1 Repeatabili

39、tyThe difference between successive test results obtained by the same operator with the same apparatusunder constant operating conditions on identical test material would, in the long run, in the normal and correct operation of thetest method, exceed the following value only in one case in twenty.Ra

40、nge RepeatabilityProcedure kPa psi kPa psiA Gasoline 35100 515 3.2 0.46 Note 2B Gasoline 35100 515 1.2 0.17 Note 2A 035 05 0.7 0.10 Note 3A 110180 1626 2.1 0.3 Note 3C 180 26 2.8 0.4 Note 3D AviationGasoline 50 7 0.7 0.1 Note 310.1.2 ReproducibilityThe difference between two, single and independent

41、results, obtained by different operators working indifferent laboratories on identical test material would, in the long run, in the normal and correct operation of the test method,exceed the following value only in one case in twenty.Range ReproducibilityProcedure kPa psi kPa psiA Gasoline 35100 515

42、 5.2 0.75 Note 2B Gasoline 35100 515 4.5 0.66 Note 2A 035 05 2.4 0.35 Note 3A 110180 1626 2.8 0.4 Note 3C 180 26 4.9 0.7 Note 3D AviationGasoline 50 7 1.0 0.15 Note 3NOTE 2These precision values are derived from a 1987 cooperative program4 and the current Committee D02 Statistical Method RR:D02-1007

43、.NOTE 3These precision values were developed in the early 1950s, prior to the current statistical evaluation method.4 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1245.D323 15310.2 Bias:10.2.1 Absolute BiasSince there is

44、no accepted reference material suitable for determining the bias for this test method, biascannot be determined. The amount of bias between this test vapor pressure and true vapor pressure is unknown.10.2.2 Relative BiasThere is no statistically significant bias between Procedures A and B for gasoli

45、nes as determined in thelast cooperative test program.PROCEDURE AFOR PETROLEUM PRODUCTS HAVING REID VAPOR PRESSURES BELOW 180 kPa (26 psi)11. Preparation for Test11.1 Verification of Sample Container FillingWith the sample at a temperature of 00 C to 1C, take the container from thecooling bath or re

46、frigerator and wipe dry with absorbent material. If the container is not transparent, unseal it, and using a suitablegauge, confirm that the sample volume equals 7070 % to 80 % of the container capacity (see Note 4). If the sample is containedin a transparent glass container, verify that the contain

47、er is 7070 % to 80 % full by suitable means (see Note 4).NOTE 4For nontransparent containers, one way to confirm that the sample volume equals 7070 % to 80 % of the container capacity is to use a dipstickthat has been pre-marked to indicate the 7070 % and 80 % container capacities. The dipstick shou

48、ld be of such material that it shows wetting after beingimmersed and withdrawn from the sample. To confirm the sample volume, insert the dipstick into the sample container so that it touches the bottom ofthe container at a perpendicular angle, before removing the dipstick. For transparent containers

49、, using a marked ruler or by comparing the samplecontainer to a like container that has the 7070 % and 80 % levels clearly marked, has been found suitable.11.1.1 Discard the sample if its volume is less than 70 % of the container capacity.11.1.2 If the container is more than 80 % full, pour out enough sample to bring the container contents within the 7070 % to 80 %range. Under no circumstances shall any sample poured out be returned to the container.11.1.3 Reseal the container, if necessary, and return the