ASTM D502-1989(2016) Standard Test Method for Particle Size of Soaps and Other Detergents《肥皂及其它洗涤剂粒度的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: D502 89 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Test Method forParticle Size of Soaps and Other Detergents1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D502; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re

2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the particlesize of soaps and other detergents by hand sieving and machinesievin

3、g methods.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to esta

4、blish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material SafetyData Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Reviewthem for hazards prior to usage.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D460 Test Methods for Sampling

5、 and Chemical Analysis ofSoaps and Soap ProductsD501 Test Methods of Sampling and Chemical Analysis ofAlkaline DetergentsE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSieves3. Significance and Use3.1 This test method assures that the particle size of soapsand detergents conforms to speci

6、fications having to do withdensity and packaging, among others. It also offers a means ofcontrolling the amount of potentially hazardous very lowparticle size material.4. Sieves4.1 The sieves shall conform to Specification E11.5. Sampling5.1 Sample soaps in accordance with Test Methods D460.5.2 Samp

7、le other detergents in accordance with Test Meth-ods D501.6. Procedure Using Hand-Sieving Method6.1 Use a nest of clean, dry sieves consisting of a No. 12(1700-m), No. 40 (425-m), and a No. 100 (150-m) sieve.Other size sieves may be used when required by the individualspecifications. Transfer a 100

8、6 0.1 g well-mixed samplewithout previous drying to the top sieve. Simultaneously shakethe sieves by hand with occasional tapping of the edge of thebottom sieve on a large rubber stopper or a flat, thick piece ofrubber. When the portion of the soap passing through thebottom sieve (No. 100) is less t

9、han 0.1 g/min of shaking (thiscan be well judged by sifting into a large, dark colored pan)remove the top sieve and shake separately over a clean, darkpan to be certain that no more of the residue will pass through.Place any material passing through the largest sieve on the nextsize sieve, using a s

10、mall camels hair brush to remove thematerial from the catch pan. Repeat the same procedure ofsifting successively with each sieve used. Carefully weigh theportions retained on each sieve and the portion passing thesmallest sieve.6.2 Duplicate particle size determinations shall be made andthe average

11、 of the two tests used in the calculations.7. Procedure Using Machine-Sieving Method7.1 Use a nest of clean dry sieves consisting of a No. 12(1700-m), No. 40 (425-m), and a No. 100 (150-m) sieve.Other size sieves may be used when required by the individualspecifications. Transfer a 100 6 0.1-g well-

12、mixed sample,without previous drying, to the top sieve. Place the nest ofsieves in a mechanically operated sieve shaker and allow themachine to run for 10 min. Carefully weigh the portionsretained on each sieve, and the portion passing the smallestsieve.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of

13、 ASTM Committee D12 on Soapsand Other Detergents and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D12.12 onAnalysis and Specifications of Soaps, Synthetics, Detergents and their Components.Current edition approved July 1, 2016. Published August 2016. Originallyapproved in 1938 as D502 38 T. Last pre

14、vious edition approved in 2009 asD502 89 (2009). DOI: 10.1520/D0502-89R16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe

15、ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States17.2 Duplicate particle size determinations shall be made andthe average of the two tests used in the calculations.8. Calculation8.1 Calculate the percentage of material reta

16、ined on the No.12 (1700-m) sieve by dividing the weight of the residue on thesieve by the original weight of the sample and multiplying by100.8.2 Calculate the percentage of the material retained on theNo. 40 (425-m) sieve by adding the weight of the residueretained on the No. 12 (1700-m) sieve to t

17、he weight of theresidue on the No. 40 sieve, dividing the sum by the originalweight of the sample, and multiplying by 100.8.3 Calculate the percentage of the material retained on theNo. 100 (150-m) sieve by adding the weight of the residuesretained on all three sieves, dividing the sum by the weight

18、 ofthe original sample, and multiplying by 100.9. Precision and Bias9.1 Because of the nature and the wide variety of materialsbeing tested, this test method is not amenable to the generationof precision and bias data. However, the test method continuesto be used and referenced.10. Keywords10.1 part

19、icle size; sieves; soapASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringem

20、ent of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or

21、 for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views kn

22、own to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting AS

23、TM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 89 (2016)2