1、Designation: D 519 04 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Test Method forLength of Fiber in Wool Top1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 519; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numb
2、er in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the averagelength and length distribution of fibers in wool top, on amass-biased basis. The meth
3、od is applicable to all types offibers in sliver formed from long parallelized fibers.NOTE 1The determination of fiber length of wool is covered in TestMethod D 1575, Test Method for Fiber Length of Wool in Scoured Wooland in Card Sliver, the staple length of grease wool is covered in TestMethod D 1
4、234, Test Method of Sampling and Testing Staple Length ofGrease Wool.NOTE 2This test method specifically requires length in inches andmass in SI units and is not contrary to ASTM policy. The SI units inparentheses are provided for information only.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of
5、 thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relati
6、ng to TextilesD 1234 Test Method of Sampling and Testing Staple Lengthof Grease WoolD 1575 Test Method for Fiber Length of Wool in ScouredWool and in Card SliverD 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD 4845 Terminology Relating to Wool3. Terminology3.1 Definitions: For definition of te
7、xtile terms used in thistest method refer to Terminology D 4845.3.1.1 For definitions of other textile terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology D 123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The weight (mass) of fibers, in definite length incre-ments, is determined for each specimen or group of speci
8、mensforming one sample. From the data obtained, the weight-biasedaverage fiber length and the weight-biased distribution iscalculated. A cumulative weight average length frequencycurve may be plotted.5. Significance and Use5.1 Knowledge of the average fiber length and the distribu-tion of fibers is
9、of primary importance to users of top in furtherprocessing.5.2 Acceptance specifications for the fiber length and lengthdistribution may be established by the user based on the type ofyarn-making equipment employed and the desired end uses.5.3 Test Method D 519 for testing wool top for fiber lengthi
10、s considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercialshipments since the method has been used extensively in thetrade for acceptance testing and the current estimates of thebetween-laboratory precisions are acceptable.5.3.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences inreported test resul
11、ts when using this test method for acceptancetesting of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-plier should conduct comparative testing to determine if thereis a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competentstatistical assistance is recommended for the investigation ofbias. As a mi
12、nimum, the two parties should take a group of testspecimens that are as homogenous as possible and that arefrom a lot of the type material in question. The test specimensshould then be assigned in equal numbers to each laboratoryfor testing. The average results from the two laboratoriesshould be com
13、pared using Students t-test for unpaired dataand an acceptable probability level chosen by the two partiesbefore testing is begun. If a bias is found either its cause mustbe found and corrected or the purchaser and supplier mustagree to interpret future test results in the light of the knownbias.1Th
14、is test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.13 on Wool and Felt.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originallyapproved in 1938. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 519 04.2For refere
15、nced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Co
16、nshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.(Front View) (Rear View)1Frame. 5Drawing clamp.2Faller bars. 6Depressor.3Side comb. 7Plush board.4Retaining bars. 8Faller bar lifting plate.FIG. 1 Wool Fiber Stapling ApparatusTABLE 1 Form with Recorded Data Showing the Calculation of the Average Fiber Length
17、 of Wool, the Standard Deviation, andCoefficient of VariationNOTE 1When using equipment graduated in metric units, use class intervals 10 mm long, and calculate the average and standard deviation to thenearest 0.2 mm.Class Intervals, in. Mass, g PercentagesCumulative FrequenciesFirst Cumulative,less
18、 thanSecond Cumulative,less than6.0 to 6.5 0.014 2.4 100.0 840.15.5 to 6.0 0.010 1.7 97.6 740.15.0 to 5.5 0.013 2.2 95.9 642.54.5 to 5.0 0.018 3.1 93.7 546.64.0 to 4.5 0.038 6.5 90.6 452.93.5 to 4.0 0.051 8.7 84.1 362.33.0 to 3.5 0.062 10.6 75.4 278.22.5 to 3.0 0.072 12.3 64.8 202.82.0 to 2.5 0.079
19、13.5 52.5 138.01.5 to 2.0 0.080 13.6 39.0 85.51.0 to 1.5 0.065 11.0 25.4 46.50.5 to 1.0 0.045 7.7 14.4 21.10 to 0.5 0.039 6.7 6.7 6.7Totals 0.586 100.0 = ( 840.1 4363.3Divided by ( percentages F1= 8.40 F2= 43.63B = the largest midpoint value for which a frequency is recorded = 6.25 in.m = the class
20、interval = 0.5 in.Percentage of fibers under 2 in. = 39.0 %.Calculations:X5 B 2 mF12 1! 5 6.25 2 0.58.40 2 1! 5 2.55 in.s 5 m=2F22 F12 F125 0.5 =87.26 2 8.40 2 70.56 5 1.44 in.v 5 100 s/X!5100 31.4/2.6!556.47 %.where:X5 average fiber length of wool,s 5 standard deviation, andv 5 coefficient of varia
21、tion.D 519 04 (2008)26. Apparatus6.1 Comb Sorter, which can be used to separate long fibersinto 0.50-in. (12.7-mm) groups and the shorter fibers into0.25-in. (6.4-mm) groups.3The essential parts are shown inFig. 1. The bar or comb intervals are set at 0.5 in. (12.7 mm)and 0.25 in. (6.4 mm).NOTE 3Ess
22、entially, the same facilities can be secured with two Baeror two Zweigle sorters, or two Shirley units.6.1.1 Faller Bars, free of broken, missing, crooked, dull, orcorroded pins ( 2, Fig. 1).6.1.2 Clamp, with jaws that meet straight and flush, andimpart uniform pressure when closed (5, Fig. 1).6.1.3
23、 Depressor, at least as long as the sorter (6, Fig. 1).6.2 Balance, with a sensitivity of 0.1 mg.6.3 Cardboard Cylinder, approximately 3 in. (75 mm) indiameter, 8 in. (200 mm) in length, and having a18-in. (3-mm)wall thickness.7. Sampling7.1 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing,take four
24、 lot sampling units (bales or cartons) for each 20 000lb (9000 kg) or fraction thereof.7.2 Laboratory SampleAs a laboratory sample for accep-tance testing, draw one section of sliver from the balled top, atleast 1 yd (1 m) in length from each lot sample unit. Materialshould be taken from the outside
25、 of the balled top. Wind thesamples by hand onto cardboard cylinders under a tension ofapproximately 4.9 N and with a twist of approximately fiveturns per metre. These conditions can be produced conve-niently as follows: Clamp a 0.45-kg mass onto one end of thesliver while holding the other end of t
26、he sliver in one hand,insert five turns of twist. Wind the sliver onto the cardboardcylinder while maintaining the tension and twist.7.3 SpecimenUse each laboratory sample unit (a sectionof sliver from each lot sample unit) as a separate specimen fora complete test or combine the four laboratory sam
27、ple units toform a single specimen, if appropriate.8. Conditioning8.1 Bring the laboratory sample, still on the cardboardcylinders, from the prevailing atmosphere to moisture equilib-rium in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles.8.2 Determine that moisture equilibrium for testing has beenreac
28、hed as directed in Practice D 1776.9. Procedure9.1 Test the conditioned specimens in the standard atmo-sphere for testing textiles.9.2 Place the sorter so that the tops of the faller bars arelevel with the operators hand and forearm when bent at theelbow in a horizontal position. Face the stapling a
29、pparatus ( 1,Fig. 1) with side comb (3, Fig. 1) extended and locked at theright side of the sorter as viewed by the operator. Lift andsecure the faller bars (2, Fig. 1) in a horizontal position.9.3 Immediately prior to performing the test, take one sliverfrom the cardboard cylinder. Holding the sliv
30、er under lighttension place it on the pins on the right-hand side in such a waythat approximately 6 in. (150 mm) of sliver extends in front ofthe first faller bar and press down with the depressor (6, Fig. 1).The specimen should be confined to a width of not more than112 in. (38 mm).9.4 Using the ha
31、nds, take and discard small amounts offibers not to exceed12-in. (12.7-mm) increments from theoverhanging end of the sliver until not more than 114 in. (30mm) extends forward of the front faller bar.9.5 By means of the drawing clamp ( 5, Fig. 1) pull off theprojecting fibers until the over-hanging p
32、ortion of the sliver issquared and has an edge approximately34 in. (20 mm) forwardof the front faller bar. Discard the fibers removed.9.6 By means of the drawing clamp, grip the fibers acrossthe full width of the sliver to a depth not to exceed116 in. (1.6mm) from the ends of the fibers (Note 4). Pu
33、ll the fibersstraight out slowly and pass them twice gently through thesmall combing bar. Discard all fibers removed by the smallcombing bar (Note 5).NOTE 4The depth of the clamp on the sliver and the length of thefibers affect the weight of the wool per draw. The weight per draw with thebite not in
34、 excess of116 in. (1.6 mm) should be approximately 25 to 30 mgon an average fine wool top and somewhat higher on coarser wool top.NOTE 5The fibers are passed through the small combing bar toremove loose, broken, short or entangled fibers that are not grasped by theclamp. This action also helps to ma
35、intain the parallel alignment of thefibers.9.7 Place the fibers held in the clamp on the left bank of pinsin the following manner: Starting at the back, pull the tuft offibers forward, across the top of the needles. Depress the fiberslightly with the hand to the needle points as the fibers held byth
36、e clamp are drawn forward, the intent being to straighten butnot stretch the fibers.9.8 Release the fibers when the nose of the clamp is exactlyin line with the needle points of the front faller bar. Thelocation at which the fibers are released is important. If therelease point is not correct, caref
37、ully remove and discard theincorrect fiber group and make a replacement draw of fibers.9.9 Press the released fibers down slowly between the pinswith the depressor held level.9.10 By means of the drawing clamp, repeatedly removeand discard the projecting fibers from the overhanging sliverspecimen un
38、til the edge is again even.9.11 Repeat the procedure in 9.5-9.10 until a bundle offibers that will weigh from 500 to 1000 mg has been accumu-lated. In order to accumulate the required weight (mass), it maybe necessary to reposition the specimen, repeating the stepsoutlined in 9.3 and 9.4 (Note 6). A
39、s draws are placed onto theleft bank of combs, spread the fibers over a width of approxi-mately 2 in. (50 mm).NOTE 6A single test may be made from one to four sliver specimensof a single sample by taking an equal number of draws from each of thesliver specimens to make a composite test.9.12 When the
40、 test has been completed to this point, removestraggler fibers or single fibers that protrude past the fringe atthe first bar.3Apparatus meeting these requirements furnished by Alfred Suter Co., PrellPlaza, Orangeburg, NY, has been found satisfactory.D 519 04 (2008)3NOTE 7The normal fringe at this p
41、oint of the test is a light fuzz infront of the front row of pins.Aheavy fuzz, or no fuzz, indicates improperlay-up, in which case discard the specimen and start a fresh lay-up. Anormal fringe should not exceed116 in. (1.6 mm).9.13 Remove and discard the remaining sliver from the rightbank of the so
42、rter.9.14 Place the removable retaining bars in position with theneedles downward into the fiber bundle and turn the apparatus180. Drop the comb bars one at a time until the longest fibersprotrude. Discard obviously loose fibers.9.15 Determine the distance from the front bar to the last barthat has
43、been dropped. Record this distance as the longestclass-interval, which serves as a guide for establishing theclass-intervals for the calculation of the test. All class-intervalsare12 in. (12.7 mm).9.16 Using the drawing clamp, 5, remove in successivedraws the fibers projecting from the next bar. Avo
44、id disturbingthe remaining fibers. Do not exert pressure on the next bar withthe clamp. Accumulate all the fibers in the class-interval on aplush board in parallel array. Roll the fibers together and forma loop for weighing.9.17 Lower the next front bar and repeat 9.16 until all thefibers have been
45、removed in each class-interval. When draw-ings are made at the final14-in. (6.4-mm) increments, pool thefibers from each pair into one class-interval.9.18 Weigh the fibers in each class-interval to the nearest0.1 mg and record the weights on a data sheet (see Table 1).9.19 If a composite test is not
46、 made, repeat the aboveprocedure with the other three specimens to secure individualresults.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the average fiber length, the standard devia-tion, and the coefficient of variation as outlined in Table 1.10.2 Plot the cumulative frequency curve from the data as inFig. 2, loc
47、ating the points on the graph at the upper cellboundaries, Table 1.NOTE 8For further information on plotting frequency curves, seeASTM Manual on Presentation of Data and Control Chart Analysis.411. Report11.1 State that the test was performed as directed in ASTMTest Method D 519. Describe the materi
48、al or product sampledand the method of sampling used.11.2 Report the following information:11.2.1 Average length to the nearest 0.01 in. (0.2 mm),11.2.2 Standard deviation of the fiber length to the nearest0.01 in. (0.2 mm),11.2.3 Coefficient of variation of the fiber length in percent,11.2.4 Percen
49、tage of fibers under 1 in. (25.4 mm) and11.2.5 Cumulative length frequency curve (Fig. 2).12. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionAn interlaboratory test carried out in 1964with twelve U.S. and European laboratories participating witha total of 72 tests on three tops having an average fiber lengthof 2.5 in. (63 mm), 3.0 in. (76 mm), and 3.25 in. (82 mm)showed a between-laboratories range of average length of 0.2in. (5.0 mm). The maximum difference between duplicate testsin the same laboratory was 0.09 in. (2.3 mm) and the averagedifference was 0
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