ASTM D543-2006 Standard Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to Chemical Reagents《塑料耐化学试剂性能的标准实施规程》.pdf

1、Designation: D 543 06Standard Practices forEvaluating the Resistance of Plastics to ChemicalReagents1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 543; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi

2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 These practices cover the evaluation of all pl

3、asticmaterials including cast, hot-molded, cold-molded, laminatedresinous products, and sheet materials for resistance to chemi-cal reagents. These practices include provisions for reportingchanges in weight, dimensions, appearance, and strength prop-erties. Standard reagents are specified to establ

4、ish results on acomparable basis. Provisions are made for various exposuretimes, stress conditions, and exposure to reagents at elevatedtemperatures. The type of conditioning (immersion or wetpatch) depends upon the end-use of the material. If used as acontainer or transfer line, specimens should be

5、 immersed. If thematerial will only see short exposures or will be used in closeproximity and reagent may splash or spill on the material, thewet patch method of applying reagent should be used.1.2 The effect of chemical reagents on other properties shallbe determined by making measurements on stand

6、ard speci-mens for such tests before and after immersion or stress, orboth, if so tested.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in brackets are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated

7、with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazardsstatements are given in Section 7.NOTE 1This standard and ISO 22088 Part 3 address the sam

8、e subjectmatter, but differ in technical content (and the results cannot be directlycompared between the two test methods).2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D13 Specification for Spirits of TurpentineD 396 Specification for Fuel OilsD 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD 883

9、Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 1040 Specification for Uninhibited Mineral Insulating Oilfor Use in Transformers and in Oil Circuit Breakers3D 1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics3D 5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of SolidPlastics Specimens2.2 Military Specifications:4MIL-A-11755 Antif

10、reeze, Arctic-TypeMIL-A-46153 Antifreeze, Ethylene Glycol, Inhibited,Heavy Duty, Single PackageMIL-C-372 Cleaning Compound, Solvent (For Bore ofSmall Arms and Automatic Aircraft Weapons)MIL-D-12468 Decontaminating Agent, STBMIL-D-50030 Decontaminating Agent, DS2MIL-F-46162 Fuel, Diesel, Referee Grad

11、eMIL-G-5572 Gasoline, Aviation, Grades 80/87, 100/130,115/145MIL-H-5606 Hydraulic Fluid, Petroleum Base, Aircraft,Missiles, and OrdinanceMIL-H-6083 Hydraulic Fluid, Petroleum Base, for Preser-vation and OperationMIL-H-83283 Hydraulic Fluid, Fire Resistant, SyntheticHydrocarbon Base, AircraftMIL-L-78

12、08 Lubricating Oil, Aircraft Turbine Engine, Syn-thetic Base, NATO Code Number 0148MIL-L-14107 Lubricating Oil, Weapons, Low TemperatureMIL-L-23699 Lubricating Oil, Aircraft Turbine Engines,Synthetic BaseMIL-L-46000 Lubricant, Semi-Fluid (Automatic Weapons)MIL-T-5624 Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Grades J

13、P-4 and JP-5MIL-T-83133 Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Kerosene Type,Grade JP-82.3 U.S. Army Regulation:4AR 70-71 Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Contamina-tion Survivability of Army Material1These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand are the direct responsibility of

14、Subcommittee D20.50 on Permanence Properties.Current edition approved April 1, 2006. Published June 2006. Originallyapproved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 543 - 95 (2001).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at s

15、erviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.1*A Summary of Changes se

16、ction appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.4 ISO Standards:5ISO 175 PlasticsDetermination of Resistance to LiquidChemicalsISO 22088 Part 3 PlasticsDetermination of Resistance toEnvironm

17、ental Stress Cracking (ESC)Bent StripMethod3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions of terms applying to thesepractices appear in Terminology D 883.4. Significance and Use4.1 The limitations of the results obtained from thesepractices should be recognized. The choice of types andconcentrations of re

18、agents, duration of immersion or stress, orboth, temperature of the test, and properties to be reported isnecessarily arbitrary. The specification of these conditionsprovides a basis for standardization and serves as a guide toinvestigators wishing to compare the relative resistance ofvarious plasti

19、cs to typical chemical reagents.4.2 Correlation of test results with the actual performance orserviceability of plastics is necessarily dependent upon thesimilarity between the testing and the end-use conditions. Forapplications involving continuous immersion, the data ob-tained in short-time tests

20、are of interest only in eliminating themost unsuitable materials or indicating a probable relativeorder of resistance to chemical reagents.4.3 Evaluation of plastics for special applications involvingcorrosive conditions should be based upon the particularreagents and concentrations to be encountere

21、d. The selection oftest conditions should take into account the manner andduration of contact with reagents, the temperature of thesystem, applied stress, and other performance factors involvedin the particular application.5. Apparatus5.1 BalanceA balance capable of weighing accurately to0.05 % for

22、a test specimen weighing 100 g or less, and to 0.1 %for a test specimen weighing over 100 g. Assurance that thebalance meets the performance requirements should be pro-vided by frequent checks on adjustments of zero points andsensitivity and by periodic calibration for absolute accuracy,using standa

23、rd masses.5.2 MicrometersUse a suitable micrometer for measuringthe dimensions of test specimens similar to that described inTest Method D 5947. The micrometer should have an incre-mental discrimination of at least 0.025 mm 0.001 in. Forspecimens 0.100 in. thick or less, the micrometer used shallhav

24、e an incremental discrimination of at least 0.0025 mm0.0001 in. The micrometer must be verified using gageblocks traceable to National Institute of Standards and Tech-nology (NIST) every 30 days minimum.5.3 Room, or enclosed space capable of being maintained atthe standard laboratory atmosphere of 2

25、3 6 2C 73.4 63.6F and 50 6 5 % relative humidity in accordance withPractice D 618.5.4 ContainersSuitable containers for submerging speci-mens in chemical reagents. They must be resistant to thecorrosive effects of the reagents being used. Venting should beprovided, especially when using volatile rea

26、gents at elevatedtemperatures. Tightly sealed containers are preferred for roomtemperature testing to minimize loss.5.5 Strain JigsJigs are to be capable of supplying knownamounts of strain to test specimens. Fig. 1 is a side viewdrawing of a typical strain jig used to obtain 1.0 % strain in a3.2 mm

27、 0.125 in. thick test specimen. Shown in Fig. 1 is anequation that can be used to calculate strain from knowndimensions or back-calculate jig dimensions for a desiredspecimen strain.5.6 Oven or Constant Temperature Bath, capable of main-taining temperatures within 62C of the specified test tem-perat

28、ures.5.7 Testing DevicesTesting devices for determining spe-cific strength properties of specimens before and after submer-sion or strain, or both, conforming to the requirements pre-scribed in the ASTM test methods for the specific propertiesbeing determined.5.8 Laboratory Hood, or other system ade

29、quate for vaporventilation.5Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036. FIG. 1 Determination of Strain Level of ESCR FixturesD5430626. Reagents and Materials6.1 The following list of standard reagents is intended to berepresentative of t

30、he main categories of pure chemical com-pounds, solutions, and common industrial products. Chemicalsused in these practices shall be of technical grade or greaterpurity. All solutions shall be made with freshly prepareddistilled water. Specific concentrations are on a weight percentor specific gravi

31、ty basis. Mixing instructions are based onamounts of ingredients calculated to produce 1000 mL ofsolution of the specified concentration.6.2 The following list of standard reagents is not intended topreclude the use of other reagents pertinent to particularchemical resistance requirements. It is int

32、ended to standardizetypical reagents, solution concentrations, and industrial prod-ucts for general testing of the resistance of plastics to chemicalreagents. Material specifications in which chemical resistanceis indicated shall be based upon reagents and conditionsselected from those listed herein

33、 except by mutual agreementbetween the seller and the purchaser.6.3 Standard Reagents:6.3.1 Acetic Acid (sp gr 1.05)Glacial acetic acid.6.3.2 Acetic Acid (5 %)Add 48 mL (50.5 g) of glacialacetic acid (sp gr 1.05) to 955 mL of water.6.3.3 Acetone.6.3.4 Ammonium Hydroxide (sp gr 0.90)Concentratedammon

34、ium hydroxide (NH4OH).6.3.5 Ammonium Hydroxide (10 %)Add 375 mL (336 g)of (NH4OH) (sp gr 0.90) to 622 mL of water.6.3.6 Aniline.6.3.7 Benzene.6.3.8 Carbon Tetrachloride.6.3.9 Chromic Acid (40 %)Dissolve 549 g of chromicanhydride (CrO2) in 822 mL of water.6.3.10 Citric Acid (1 %)Dissolve 104 g of cit

35、ric acidcrystals in 935 mL of water.6.3.11 Cottonseed Oil, edible grade.6.3.12 Detergent Solution, Heavy Duty (0.025 %)Dissolve 0.05 g of alkyl aryl sulfonate and 0.20 g of trisodiumphosphate in 1000 mL of water.6.3.13 Diethyl Ether.6.3.14 Dimethyl Formamide.6.3.15 Distilled Water, freshly prepared.

36、6.3.16 Ethyl Acetate.6.3.17 Ethyl Alcohol (95 %)Undenatured ethyl alcohol.6.3.18 Ethyl Alcohol (50 %)Add 598 mL (482 g) of 95 %undenatured ethyl alcohol to 435 mL of water.6.3.19 Ethylene Dichloride.6.3.20 2-Ethylhexyl Sebacate.6.3.21 Heptane, commercial grade, boiling range from 90 to100C.6.3.22 Hy

37、drochloric Acid (sp gr 1.19)Concentrated hy-drochloric acid (HCl).6.3.23 Hydrochloric Acid (10 %)Add 239 mL (283 g) ofHCl (sp gr 1.19) to 764 mL of water.6.3.24 Hydrofluoric Acid (40 %)Slowly add 748 mL (866g) of hydrofluoric acid (52 to 55 % HF) to 293 mL of water.6.3.25 Hydrogen Peroxide Solution,

38、 28 % or USP 100volume.6.3.26 Hydrogen Peroxide Solution (3 % or USP 10volume)Add 98 mL (108 g) of commercial grade (100volume or 28 %) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to 901 mL ofwater.6.3.27 Isooctane, 2,2,4-trimethyl pentane.6.3.28 KerosineNo. 2 fuel oil, Specification D 396.6.3.29 Methyl Alcohol.6.3.30

39、 Mineral Oil, White, USP, sp gr 0.830 to 0.860;Saybolt at 100F: 125 to 135 s.6.3.31 Nitric Acid (sp gr 1.42)Concentrated nitric acid(HNO3).6.3.32 Nitric Acid (40 %)Add 500 mL (710 g) ofHNO3(sp gr 1.42) to 535 mL of water.6.3.33 Nitric Acid (10 %)Add 108 mL (153 g) ofHNO3(sp gr 1.42) to 901 mL of wat

40、er.6.3.34 Oleic Acid, cP.6.3.35 Olive Oil, edible grade.6.3.36 Phenol Solution (5 %)Dissolve 47 g of carbonicacid crystals, USP, in 950 mL of water.6.3.37 Soap Solution (1 %)Dissolve dehydrated purewhite soap flakes (dried1hat105C) in water.6.3.38 Sodium Carbonate Solution (20 %)Add 660 g ofsodium c

41、arbonate (Na2CO310H2O) to 555 mL of water.6.3.39 Sodium Carbonate Solution (2 %)Add 55 g ofNa2CO310H2O to 964 mL of water.6.3.40 Sodium Chloride Solution (10 %)Add 107 g ofsodium chloride (NaCl) to 964 mL of water.6.3.41 Sodium Hydroxide Solution (60 %)Slowly dis-solve 971 g of sodium hydroxide (NaO

42、H) in 649 mL of water.6.3.42 Sodium Hydroxide Solution (10 %)Dissolve 111 gof NaOH in 988 mL of water.6.3.43 Sodium Hydroxide Solution (1 %)Dissolve 10.1 gof NaOH in 999 mL of water.6.3.44 Sodium Hypochlorite Solution, National Formulary,(4 to 6 %)The concentration of this solution can be deter-mine

43、d as follows: Weigh accurately in a glass-stoppered flaskabout 3 mL of the solution and dilute with 50 mL of water.Add2 g of potassium iodide (KI) and 10 mL of acetic acid, andtitrate the liberated iodine with 0.1 N sodium thiosulfate(Na2S2O3), adding starch solution as the indicator. Eachmillilitre

44、 of 0.1 N Na2S2O3solution is equivalent to 3.7222 mgof sodium hypochlorite.6.3.45 Sulfuric Acid (sp gr 1.84)Concentrated sulfuricacid (H2SO4).6.3.46 Sulfuric Acid (30 %)Slowly add 199 mL (366 g) ofH2SO4(sp gr 1.84) to 853 mL of water.6.3.47 Sulfuric Acid (3 %)Slowly add 16.6 mL (30.6 g) ofH2SO4(sp g

45、r 1.84) to 988 mL of water.6.3.48 Toluene.6.3.49 Transformer Oil, in accordance with the require-ments of Specification D 1040.6.3.50 TurpentineGum spirits or steam distilled woodturpentine in accordance with Specification D13.6.4 Table 1 contains a list of military specifications forvarious liquids

46、 intended to be representative of the main typesof liquids that may be encountered in a military serviceD543063environment. Plastics that are intended for use in such envi-ronments shall be tested for chemical resistance to the liquidsin Table 1 as applicable.6.4.1 Army Regulation 70-71 establishes

47、the requirementfor chemical contamination survivability of Army materialintended to withstand the hazards of a chemical warfare (CW)environment. Decontaminating agents STB and DS2 are in-cluded in Table 1. In addition, selected CW agents (or suitablesimulants) are liquids against which it may be app

48、ropriate totest the resistance of certain plastics.7. Hazards7.1 Safety precautions should be taken to avoid personalcontact, to eliminate toxic vapors, and to guard againstexplosion hazards in accordance with the hazardous nature ofthe particular reagents being used.8. Sampling8.1 For Practices A a

49、nd B, Procedure I, sample in accor-dance with the pertinent considerations outlined in PracticeD 1898.8.2 For Practices A and B, Procedure II, sample in accor-dance with the ASTM test methods for the specific propertiesto be determined.9. Test Specimens9.1 The type and dimensions of test specimens to be useddepend upon the form of the material and the tests to beperformed (see Note 2). At least three specimens shall be usedfor each material being tested, for each reagent involved, foreach length of conditioning, and for each