ASTM D543-2014 Standard Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to Chemical Reagents《评定塑料耐化学试剂的标准实施规程》.pdf

1、Designation: D543 06D543 14Standard Practices forEvaluating the Resistance of Plastics to ChemicalReagents1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D543; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r

2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 These practices cover the evaluation

3、of all plastic materials including cast, hot-molded, cold-molded, laminated resinousproducts, and sheet materials for resistance to chemical reagents. These practices include provisions for reporting changes inweight, dimensions, appearance, and strength properties. Standard reagents are specified t

4、o establish results on a comparable basis.Provisions are made for various exposure times, stress conditions, and exposure to reagents at elevated temperatures. The type ofconditioning (immersion or wet patch) depends upon the end-use of the material. If used as a container or transfer line, specimen

5、sshould be immersed. immerse the specimens. If the material will only see short exposures or will be used in close proximity andreagent maywill splash or spill on the material, use the wet patch method of applying reagent should be used. reagent.1.2 The effect of chemical reagents on other propertie

6、s shall be determined by making measurements on standard specimensfor such tests before and after immersion or stress, or both, if so tested.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in bracketsparentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not pu

7、rport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Sect

8、ion 7.NOTE 1This standard and ISO 22088 Part 3 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content (and the results cannot be directlycompared between the two test methods).2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D13 Specification for Spirits of TurpentineD396 Specification for Fuel

9、OilsD618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1040 Specification for Uninhibited Mineral Insulating Oil for Use in Transformers and in Oil Circuit Breakers (Withdrawn1980)3D1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics (Withdrawn 1998)3D5947 Test Methods for P

10、hysical Dimensions of Solid Plastics Specimens2.2 Military Specifications:4MIL-A-11755 Antifreeze, Arctic-TypeMIL-A-46153 Antifreeze, Ethylene Glycol, Inhibited, Heavy Duty, Single PackageMIL-C-372 Cleaning Compound, Solvent (For Bore of Small Arms and Automatic Aircraft Weapons)MIL-D-12468 Decontam

11、inating Agent, STB1 These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.50 on Durability of Plastics.Current edition approved April 1, 2006Nov. 1, 2014. Published June 2006November 2014. Originally approved in 1939. Last

12、previous edition approved in 20012006 asD543 - 95 (2001).D543 - 06. DOI: 10.1520/D0543-06.10.1520/D0543-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standa

13、rds Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.4 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.19111-5098,http:/dodssp.da

14、ps.dla.mil.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consul

15、t prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, P

16、A 19428-2959. United States1MIL-D-50030 Decontaminating Agent, DS2MIL-F-46162 Fuel, Diesel, Referee GradeMIL-G-5572 Gasoline, Aviation, Grades 80/87, 100/130, 115/145MIL-H-5606 Hydraulic Fluid, Petroleum Base, Aircraft, Missiles, and OrdinanceMIL-H-6083 Hydraulic Fluid, Petroleum Base, for Preservat

17、ion and OperationMIL-H-83283 Hydraulic Fluid, Fire Resistant, Synthetic Hydrocarbon Base, AircraftMIL-L-7808 Lubricating Oil, Aircraft Turbine Engine, Synthetic Base, NATO Code Number 0148MIL-L-14107 Lubricating Oil, Weapons, Low TemperatureMIL-L-23699 Lubricating Oil, Aircraft Turbine Engines, Synt

18、hetic BaseMIL-L-46000 Lubricant, Semi-Fluid (Automatic Weapons)MIL-T-5624 Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Grades JP-4 and JP-5MIL-T-83133 Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Kerosene Type, Grade JP-82.3 U.S. Army Regulation:4AR 70-71 Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Contamination Survivability of Army Material2.4 ISO

19、Standards:5ISO 175 PlasticsDetermination of Resistance to Liquid ChemicalsISO 22088 Part 3 PlasticsDetermination of Resistance to Environmental Stress Cracking (ESC)Bent Strip Method3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions of terms applying to these practices appear in Terminology D883.4. Significan

20、ce and Use4.1 The There are limitations of the results obtained from these practices should be recognized. practices. The choice of typesand concentrations of reagents, duration of immersion or stress, or both, level of stress, temperature of the test, and properties tobe reported isare necessarily

21、arbitrary. The specification of these conditions provides a basis for standardization and serves as aguide to investigators wishing to compare the relative resistance of various plastics to typical chemical reagents.4.2 Correlation of test results with the actual performance or serviceability of pla

22、stics is necessarily dependent upon thesimilarity between the testing and the end-use conditions. For applications involving continuous immersion, the data obtained inshort-time tests are of interest only in eliminating the most unsuitable materials or indicating a probable relative order of resista

23、nceto chemical reagents.4.3 Evaluation of plastics for special applications involving corrosive conditions shouldshall be based upon the particularreagents and concentrations to be encountered. The Base the selection of test conditions should take into account on the mannerand duration of contact wi

24、th reagents, the temperature of the system, applied stress, and other performance factors involved in theparticular application.5. Apparatus5.1 BalanceA balance capable of weighing accurately to 0.05 % for a test specimen weighing 100 g or less, and to 0.1 % fora test specimen weighing over 100 g. A

25、ssurance that the balance meets the performance requirements should be is provided byfrequent checks on adjustments of zero points and sensitivity and by periodic calibration for absolute accuracy, using standardmasses.5.2 MicrometersUse a suitable micrometer for measuring the dimensions of test spe

26、cimens similar to that described in TestMethod D5947. The micrometer should have an incremental discrimination of at least 0.025 mm 0.001 in.(0.001 in.). Forspecimens 0.100 in. thick or less, the micrometer used shall have an incremental discrimination of at least 0.0025 mm 0.0001in.(0.0001 in.). Th

27、e micrometer must be verified using gagegauge blocks traceable to National Institute of Standards andTechnology (NIST) every 30 days minimum.the international system of units (SI) through a national metrology institute (NMI)6.5.3 Room, or enclosed space capable of being maintained at the standard la

28、boratory atmosphere of 23 6 2C 73.4(73.4 63.6F3.6F) and 50 6 5 %10 % relative humidity in accordance with Practice D618.5.4 ContainersSuitable containers for submerging specimens in chemical reagents. They must be resistant to the corrosiveeffects of the reagents being used. Venting should be provid

29、ed, especially Provide venting when using volatile reagents at elevatedtemperatures. Tightly sealed containers are preferred for room temperature testing to minimize loss.5.5 Strain JigsJigs are to be capable of supplying known amounts of strain to test specimens. Fig. 1 is a side view drawingof a t

30、ypical strain jig used to obtain 1.0 % strain in a 3.2 mm 0.125 in.(0.125 in.) thick test specimen. Shown in Fig. 1 is anequation that can be used to calculate strain from known dimensions or back-calculate jig dimensions for a desired specimen strain.5 Available from American National Standards Ins

31、titute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.10036, http:/www.ansi.org.6 NMI includes such organizations as the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).D543 1425.6 Oven or Constant Temperature Bath, capable of maintaining temperatures within 62C of the specified test te

32、mperatures.5.7 Testing DevicesTesting devices for determining specific strength properties of specimens before and after submersion orstrain, or both, conforming to the requirements prescribed in the ASTM test methods for the specific properties being determined.5.8 Laboratory Hood, or other system

33、adequate for vapor ventilation.6. Reagents and Materials6.1 The following list of standard reagents is intended to be representative of the main categories of pure chemical compounds,solutions, and common industrial products. Chemicals used in these practices shall be of technical grade or greater p

34、urity. Allsolutions shall be made with freshly prepared distilled water. Specific concentrations are on a weight percent or specific gravitybasis. Mixing instructions are based on amounts of ingredients calculated to produce 1000 mL of solution of the specifiedconcentration.6.2 The following list of

35、 standard reagents is not intended to preclude the use of other reagents pertinent to particular chemicalresistance requirements. It is intended to standardize typical reagents, solution concentrations, and industrial products for generaltesting of the resistance of plastics to chemical reagents. Ma

36、terial specifications in which chemical resistance is indicated shall bebased upon reagents and conditions selected from those listed herein except by mutual agreement between the seller and thepurchaser.6.3 Standard Reagents:6.3.1 Acetic Acid (sp gr 1.05)Glacial acetic acid.6.3.2 Acetic Acid (5 %)A

37、dd 48 mL (50.5 g) of glacial acetic acid (sp gr 1.05) to 955 mL of water.6.3.3 Acetone.6.3.4 Ammonium Hydroxide (sp gr 0.90)Concentrated ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH).6.3.5 Ammonium Hydroxide (10 %)Add 375 mL (336 g) of (NH4OH) (sp gr 0.90) to 622 mL of water.FIG. 1 Determination of Strain Level of ESC

38、R FixturesD543 1436.3.6 Aniline.6.3.7 Benzene.6.3.8 Carbon Tetrachloride.6.3.9 Chromic Acid (40 %)Dissolve 549 g of chromic anhydride (CrO2) in 822 mL of water.6.3.10 Citric Acid (1 %)Dissolve 104 g of citric acid crystals in 935 mL of water.6.3.11 Cottonseed Oil, edible grade.6.3.12 Detergent Solut

39、ion, Heavy Duty (0.025 %)Dissolve 0.05 g of alkyl aryl sulfonate and 0.20 g of trisodium phosphatein 1000 mL of water.6.3.13 Diethyl Ether.6.3.14 Dimethyl Formamide.6.3.15 Distilled Water, freshly prepared.6.3.16 Ethyl Acetate.6.3.17 Ethyl Alcohol (95 %)Undenatured ethyl alcohol.6.3.18 Ethyl Alcohol

40、 (50 %)Add 598 mL (482 g) of 95 % undenatured ethyl alcohol to 435 mL of water.6.3.19 Ethylene Dichloride.6.3.20 2-Ethylhexyl Sebacate.6.3.21 Heptane, commercial grade, boiling range from 90 to 100C.6.3.22 Hydrochloric Acid (sp gr 1.19)Concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl).6.3.23 Hydrochloric Acid (1

41、0 %)Add 239 mL (283 g) of HCl (sp gr 1.19) to 764 mL of water.6.3.24 Hydrofluoric Acid (40 %)Slowly add 748 mL (866 g) of hydrofluoric acid (52 to 55 % HF) to 293 mL of water.6.3.25 Hydrogen Peroxide Solution, 28 % or USP 100 volume.6.3.26 Hydrogen Peroxide Solution (3 % or USP 10 volume)Add 98 mL (

42、108 g) of commercial grade (100 volume or 28 %)hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to 901 mL of water.6.3.27 Isooctane, 2,2,4-trimethyl pentane.6.3.28 KerosineNo. 2 fuel oil, Specification D396.6.3.29 Methyl Alcohol.6.3.30 Mineral Oil, White, USP, sp gr 0.830 to 0.860; Saybolt at 100F: 125 to 135 s.6.3.31 Nitr

43、ic Acid (sp gr 1.42)Concentrated nitric acid (HNO3).6.3.32 Nitric Acid (40 %)Add 500 mL (710 g) of HNO3 (sp gr 1.42) to 535 mL of water.6.3.33 Nitric Acid (10 %)Add 108 mL (153 g) of HNO3 (sp gr 1.42) to 901 mL of water.6.3.34 Oleic Acid, cP.6.3.35 Olive Oil, edible grade.6.3.36 Phenol Solution (5 %

44、)Dissolve 47 g of carbonic acid crystals, USP, in 950 mL of water.6.3.37 Soap Solution (1 %)Dissolve dehydrated pure white soap flakes (dried 1 h at 105C) in water.6.3.38 Sodium Carbonate Solution (20 %)Add 660 g of sodium carbonate (Na2CO310H2O) to 555 mL of water.6.3.39 Sodium Carbonate Solution (

45、2 %)Add 55 g of Na2CO310H2O to 964 mL of water.6.3.40 Sodium Chloride Solution (10 %)Add 107 g of sodium chloride (NaCl) to 964 mL of water.6.3.41 Sodium Hydroxide Solution (60 %)Slowly dissolve 971 g of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in 649 mL of water.6.3.42 Sodium Hydroxide Solution (10 %)Dissolve 111 g

46、 of NaOH in 988 mL of water.6.3.43 Sodium Hydroxide Solution (1 %)Dissolve 10.1 g of NaOH in 999 mL of water.6.3.44 Sodium Hypochlorite Solution, National Formulary, (4 to 6 %)The concentration of this solution can be determinedas follows: Weigh accurately in a glass-stoppered flask about 3 mL of th

47、e solution and dilute with 50 mL of water. Add 2 g ofpotassium iodide (KI) and 10 mL of acetic acid, and titrate the liberated iodine with 0.1 N sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3), addingstarch solution as the indicator. Each millilitre of 0.1 N Na2S2O3 solution is equivalent to 3.7222 mg of sodium hypoch

48、lorite.6.3.45 Sulfuric Acid (sp gr 1.84)Concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4).6.3.46 Sulfuric Acid (30 %)Slowly add 199 mL (366 g) of H2SO4 (sp gr 1.84) to 853 mL of water.6.3.47 Sulfuric Acid (3 %)Slowly add 16.6 mL (30.6 g) of H2SO4 (sp gr 1.84) to 988 mL of water.6.3.48 Toluene.6.3.49 Transformer Oi

49、l, in accordance with the requirements of Specification D1040.6.3.50 TurpentineGum spirits or steam distilled wood turpentine in accordance with Specification D13.6.4 Table 1 contains a list of military specifications for various liquids intended to be representative of the main types of liquidsthat may beare sometimes encountered in a military service environment. Plastics that are intended for use in such environmentsshall be tested for chemical resistance to the liquids in Table 1 as applicable.6.4.1 Army Regulatio