ASTM D566-2016 Standard Test Method for Dropping Point of Lubricating Grease《润滑脂滴点的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: D566 02 (Reapproved 2009)D566 16 British Standard 2877Standard Test Method forDropping Point of Lubricating Grease1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D566; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisio

2、n, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This test

3、method covers the determination of the dropping point of lubricating grease.1.2 This test method is not recommended for use at bath temperatures above 288C.288 C. For higher temperatures TestMethod D2265 should be used.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units

4、of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 WARNINGThis test method uses mercury-filled thermometers. Mercury has been designated by many regulatoryagencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may behazardous to health a

5、nd corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products.See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and EPAs website http:/www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmforadditional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercu

6、ry containing products into your state or countrymay be prohibited by law. The responsible subcommittee, D02.G.3, continues to explore alternatives to eventually replace themercury thermometers.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use.

7、 It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 6.4 and 8.1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D217 Test Methods for Cone Pene

8、tration of Lubricating GreaseD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D2265 Test Method for Dropping Point of Lubricating Grease Over Wide Temperature RangeE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 lu

9、bricating grease, na semi-fluid to solid product of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe dispersion of the thicknerthickener forms a two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by surface tension and otherphysical forces. Other ingredients are commonly included to impart

10、 special properties. D2173.1.2 thickener, nin lubricating grease, a substance composed of finely-divided particles dispersed in a liquid to form theproducts structure.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direc

11、t responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.G0.03 on Physical Tests.Current edition approved April 15, 2009April 1, 2016. Published July 2009May 2016. Originally approved in 1940. Last previous edition approved in 20022009 asD566D566 02 (2009).02. DOI: 10.1520/D0566-02R09.10.1520/D0566-16.In the IP, this te

12、st method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee. This test method was adopted as a joint ASTM-IP standard in 1964.This test method has been adopted for use by government agencies to replace Method 1421 of Federal Test Method Standard No. 791b.2 For referencedASTM standards, visi

13、t theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standar

14、d an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM i

15、s to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.2.1 DiscussionThickeners can be fibers (such as various metallic soaps) or p

16、lates or spheres (such as certain non-soaps thickeners), which areinsoluble or, at most, only very slightly soluble in the liquid lubricant. The general requirements are that the solid particles areextremely small, uniformly dispersed and capable of forming a relatively stable, gel-like structure wi

17、th the liquid lubricant. D2173.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 dropping point, na numerical value assigned to a grease composition representing the temperature at which the first dropof material falls from the test cup; that temperature being the average of the thermometer rea

18、dings of the sample and bath.3.2.1.1 DiscussionIn the normal and proper operation of this test method the temperature of the interior of the grease test cup and the temperatureof the oil bath are monitored simultaneously as the bath is heated. When the first drop of material falls from the cup, thet

19、emperature of the grease test cup and the bath temperature are averaged and recorded as the result of the test.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A sample of lubricating grease contained in a cup suspended in a test tube is heated in an oil bath at a prescribed rate. Thetemperature at which material falls

20、 from the hole in the bottom of the cup is averaged with the temperature of the oil bath andrecorded as the dropping point of the grease.5. Significance and Use5.1 In general, the dropping point is the temperature at which the grease passes from a semisolid to a liquid state under theconditions of t

21、est. This change in state is typical of greases containing as thickeners soaps of conventional types. Greasescontaining as thickeners materials other than conventional soaps can, without change in state, separate oil. This test method isuseful to assist in identifying the grease as to type and for e

22、stablishing and maintaining bench marks for quality control. The resultsare considered to have only limited significance with respect to service performance as dropping point is a static test.NOTE 1Cooperative testing indicates that in general, dropping points by Test Method D5663 and Test Method D2

23、265 are in agreement. In cases whereresults differ, there is no known significance. However, agreement between producer and consumer as to the test method used is advisable.6. Apparatus6.1 Grease CupA chromium-plated brass cup conforming to the dimensions shown in Fig. 1.6.2 Test TubeAtest tube of h

24、eat-resistant glass,4 with rim, 100100 mm to 103 mm 103 mm in length and 11.111.1 mm to 12.7mm 12.7 mm in inside diameter provided with three indentations about 19 mm 19 mm from the bottom, equally spaced on thecircumference. The depth of these indentations shall be such as to support the grease cup

25、 at about the point shown in Fig. 2.6.3 Thermometers, two, having ranges as shown below and conforming to the requirements prescribed in Specification E1:Thermometer NumberTemperature Range ASTM IP5 to + 300C 2C 62C5 C to + 300 C 2C 62C6.4 AccessoriesA stirred oil bath consisting of a 400-mL400 mL b

26、eaker, a ring stand and ring for support of the oil bath,clamps for thermometers, two corks as illustrated in Fig. 2, a polished metal rod 1.21.2 mm to 1.6 mm 1.6 mm in diameter and150150 mm to 152 mm 152 mm in length (Fig. 3), a cup plug gagegauge and thermometer depth gage,gauge, both shown in Fig

27、.1. (WarningWarningTheThe fluid for the oil bath must have a flash point in excess of the maximum temperature at whichthe bath is to be used5 and allowance must be made for thermal expansion to prevent overflow. Heating is preferably done by animmersed electrical-resistance heater regulated by volta

28、ge control. An open flame must not be used as the heating source.)(WarningWarningWhen When a hot plate is used, care must be taken to avoid spilling oil on the hot surface.)7. Sampling7.1 When ready to test, examine the sample for any indication of non-homogeneity such as oil separation, phase chang

29、es, orgross contamination. When any abnormal conditions are noted, obtain a new sample.3 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report: RR:D02-1164. Contact ASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.org.4 Borosilicate glass has been fo

30、und satisfactory for this purpose.5 Dow Corning 710 Fluid has been found satisfactory when bath temperatures as high as 288C288 C are required. Dow Corning is a registered trademark of the DowCorning Corp., Midland, MI 48686.D566 1628. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Thoroughly clean the cup and test tu

31、be with mineral spirits conforming to Specification D235. (WarningWarningFlammable.Flammable. Vapor harmful.)8.2 Use only cups that are clean and free from any residue from previous runs. When the interior plating of the cup showsindications of wear, discard.8.3 When new cups are to be used, check t

32、heir dimensions by using the cup plug gagegauge (Fig. 1). To check the bottomopening a 2.72-mm2.72 mm rod should fit easily while a 2.82-mm2.82 mm rod should not. See Note 2. If the hole is undersized,ream to correct size. If too large, discard.NOTE 2These are commonly available as a 764-in. drill a

33、nd a No. 34 drill, respectively.8.4 Test tube shall be clean and free of residues. Inspect the tube for evidence of chipping or cracking, particularly the pointsof indentation. Replace when necessary.8.5 Inspect both cork ring guide and upper cork for charring or distortions in shape. Total clearanc

34、e between the cork ring guideand the inside wall of the test tube is 1.5 mm. 1.5 mm. When either cork is abnormal, replace.NOTE 1Dimensions in millimetres.FIG. 1 Plug Gage,Gauge, Depth Gage,Gauge, and Grease CupD566 1638.6 Inspect the bulb end of the thermometer to be used in the test tube. Clean if

35、 there is any residue build-up.9. Procedure9.1 Fill a test cup with sample by pressing the larger opening into the grease to be tested until the cup is filled. Remove excessgrease with a spatula. Gently press the cup, held in a vertical position with the smaller opening at the bottom, down over the

36、metalrod until the latter protrudes about 25 mm. 25 mm. Press the rod against the cup in such a manner that the rod makes contact atboth upper and lower peripheries of the cup. Maintain this contact, rotating the cup on the rod along the index finger to give aspiral-like motion down the rod to remov

37、e a conical section of the grease which adheres along the rod. As the cup approaches theend of the rod, carefully slip the rod out of the cup so that a smooth film, free of air bubbles and of reproducible thickness, remainsinside the cup. See Fig. 4.9.2 Place the corks on the thermometer to be used

38、in the test tube as shown in Fig. 2. With the thermometer depth gagegaugein position in the test tube, adjust the position of the upper cork on the thermometer so that the thermometer bulb bottoms snuglyin the depth gage.gauge. Observe the relative position of the top edge of the upper cork to the t

39、hermometer stem as well as therelative position of the top edge of the test tube to the cork. Care must be taken to be certain that the thermometer is inserted tothe same depth when the apparatus is reassembled with the grease cup in position.9.3 Replace the depth gagegauge with the grease cup as sh

40、own in Fig. 2 so that the thermometer is inserted to the previouslygagedgauged depth. When properly inserted, the bulb of the thermometer does not touch either the grease sample or the cup.9.4 Suspend the test tube in the oil bath to a depth corresponding to the 76 mm 76 mm immersion mark on the the

41、rmometer.This should leave the test tube rim at least 6 mm 6 mm above the oil level.9.5 Suspend the second thermometer in the oil bath so that its bulb is at approximately the same level as the bulb of the testtube thermometer.9.6 Stir the oil bath and heat at a rate of 44 Cmin to 7C/min7 Cmin until

42、 the bath reaches a temperature of approximately17C17 C below the expected dropping point of the grease. At this point reduce the rate of heating so that the temperaturedifference between the test tube and the oil bath is maintained between 11 C and 2C.2 C. This condition is established whenthe oil

43、bath is heated at a rate of about 11 Cmin to 1.5C/min.1.5 Cmin. As the temperature increases, material will graduallyNOTE 1Dimensions in millimetres.FIG. 2 Assembled ApparatusD566 164protrude through the orifice of the grease cup. When a drop of material falls, note the temperatures on the two therm

44、ometers andrecord their average to the nearest degree as the dropping point of the grease.NOTE 3Certain greases form a drop with a tailing thread upon melting, which can break off or which can hold until the drop reaches the bottom ofthe test tube; in any case, the observed dropping point is the tem

45、perature when the drop reaches the bottom of the test tube.NOTE 4The dropping points of some greases, particularly those containing simple aluminum soaps, are known to decrease upon aging, the changebeing much greater than the deviation permitted in results obtained by different laboratories. Theref

46、ore, comparative tests between laboratories shouldbe made within a period of six days.9.7 Two determinations can be made simultaneously in the same bath, provided both samples have approximately the samedropping points.10. Report10.1 Report the result to the nearest degree as the ASTM-IP dropping po

47、int, ASTM D566D56611. Precision and Bias611.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method as determined by statistical examination of interlaboratory results is asfollows:11.1.1 RepeatabilityThe difference between two test results obtained by the same operator with the same apparatus underconstant op

48、erating conditions on identical test material would, in the long run, in the normal and correct operation of the testmethod, exceed the following value only in one case in twenty:Repeatability57C (1)Repeatability57 C (1)6 There is no research report on file because this test method was developed pri

49、or to the development of Research Report guidelines. The statistical method used todetermine precision is unknown.NOTE 1Dimensions in millimetres.FIG. 3 Polished Metal RodD566 16511.1.2 ReproducibilityThe difference between two single and independent results obtained by different operators working indifferent laboratories on identical test material would, in the long run, in the normal and correct operation of the test method,exceed the following value in only one case in twenty:Reproducibility513C (2)Reproducibili