ASTM D566-2017 Standard Test Method for Dropping Point of Lubricating Grease《润滑脂滴点的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: D566 16D566 17 British Standard 2877Standard Test Method forDropping Point of Lubricating Grease1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D566; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las

2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determ

3、ination of the dropping point of lubricating grease.1.2 This test method is not recommended for use at bath temperatures above 288 C. For higher temperatures Test MethodD2265 should be used.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included i

4、n this standard.1.4 WARNINGThis test method uses mercury-filled thermometers. Mercury has been designated by many regulatoryagencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may behazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Ca

5、ution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products.See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and EPAs website http:/www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmforadditional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into y

6、our state or countrymay be prohibited by law. The responsible subcommittee, D02.G.3, continues to explore alternatives to eventually replace themercury thermometers.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof t

7、he user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 6.4 and 8.1.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles

8、on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration o

9、f Lubricating GreaseD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D2265 Test Method for Dropping Point of Lubricating Grease Over Wide Temperature RangeE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 lubricating

10、 grease, na semi-fluid to solid product of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe dispersion of the thickener forms a two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by surface tension and otherphysical forces. Other ingredients are commonly included to impart special properti

11、es. D2171 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.G0.03 on Physical Tests.Current edition approved April 1, 2016May 1, 2017. Published May 2016May 2017. Originally approved

12、in 1940. Last previous edition approved in 20092016 asD566 02 (2009).D566 16. DOI: 10.1520/D0566-16.10.1520/D0566-17.In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee. This test method was adopted as a joint ASTM-IP standard in 1964.This test method has been adop

13、ted for use by government agencies to replace Method 1421 of Federal Test Method Standard No. 791b.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Docu

14、ment Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM r

15、ecommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box

16、 C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.2 thickener, nin lubricating grease, a substance composed of finely-divided particles dispersed in a liquid to form theproducts structure.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThickeners can be fibers (such as various metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such

17、as certain non-soaps thickeners), which areinsoluble or, at most, only very slightly soluble in the liquid lubricant. The general requirements are that the solid particles areextremely small, uniformly dispersed and capable of forming a relatively stable, gel-like structure with the liquid lubricant

18、 D2173.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 dropping point, na numerical value assigned to a grease composition representing the temperature at which the first dropof material falls from the test cup; that temperature being the average of the thermometer readings of the sample and

19、 bath.3.2.1.1 DiscussionIn the normal and proper operation of this test method the temperature of the interior of the grease test cup and the temperatureof the oil bath are monitored simultaneously as the bath is heated. When the first drop of material falls from the cup, thetemperature of the greas

20、e test cup and the bath temperature are averaged and recorded as the result of the test.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A sample of lubricating grease contained in a cup suspended in a test tube is heated in an oil bath at a prescribed rate. Thetemperature at which material falls from the hole in the b

21、ottom of the cup is averaged with the temperature of the oil bath andrecorded as the dropping point of the grease.5. Significance and Use5.1 In general, the dropping point is the temperature at which the grease passes from a semisolid to a liquid state under theconditions of test. This change in sta

22、te is typical of greases containing as thickeners soaps of conventional types. Greasescontaining as thickeners materials other than conventional soaps can, without change in state, separate oil. This test method isuseful to assist in identifying the grease as to type and for establishing and maintai

23、ning bench marks for quality control. The resultsare considered to have only limited significance with respect to service performance as dropping point is a static test.NOTE 1Cooperative testing indicates that in general, dropping points by Test Method D5663 and Test Method D2265 are in agreement. I

24、n cases whereresults differ, there is no known significance. However, agreement between producer and consumer as to the test method used is advisable.6. Apparatus6.1 Grease CupA chromium-plated brass cup conforming to the dimensions shown in Fig. 1.6.2 Test TubeA test tube of heat-resistant glass,4

25、with rim, 100 mm to 103 mm in length and 11.1 mm to 12.7 mm in insidediameter provided with three indentations about 19 mm from the bottom, equally spaced on the circumference. The depth of theseindentations shall be such as to support the grease cup at about the point shown in Fig. 2.6.3 Thermomete

26、rs, two, having ranges as shown below and conforming to the requirements prescribed in Specification E1:Thermometer NumberTemperature Range ASTM IP5 C to + 300 C 2C 62C6.4 AccessoriesA stirred oil bath consisting of a 400 mL beaker, a ring stand and ring for support of the oil bath, clamps forthermo

27、meters, two corks as illustrated in Fig. 2, a polished metal rod 1.2 mm to 1.6 mm in diameter and 150 mm to 152 mm inlength (Fig. 3), a cup plug gauge and thermometer depth gauge, both shown in Fig. 1. (WarningThe fluid for the oil bath musthave a flash point in excess of the maximum temperature at

28、which the bath is to be used5 and allowance must be made for thermalexpansion to prevent overflow. Heating is preferably done by an immersed electrical-resistance heater regulated by voltage control.An open flame must not be used as the heating source.) (WarningWhen a hot plate is used, care must be

29、 taken to avoid spillingoil on the hot surface.)7. Sampling7.1 When ready to test, examine the sample for any indication of non-homogeneity such as oil separation, phase changes, orgross contamination. When any abnormal conditions are noted, obtain a new sample.3 Supporting data have been filed at A

30、STM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report: RR:D02-1164. Contact ASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.org.4 Borosilicate glass has been found satisfactory for this purpose.5 Dow Corning 710 Fluid has been found satisfactory when bath temperatures as high as 288 C

31、 are required. Dow Corning is a registered trademark of the Dow CorningCorp., Midland, MI 48686.D566 1728. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Thoroughly clean the cup and test tube with mineral spirits conforming to Specification D235. (WarningFlammable.Vapor harmful.)8.2 Use only cups that are clean and f

32、ree from any residue from previous runs. When the interior plating of the cup showsindications of wear, discard.8.3 When new cups are to be used, check their dimensions by using the cup plug gauge (Fig. 1). To check the bottom openinga 2.72 mm rod should fit easily while a 2.82 mm rod should not. Se

33、e Note 2. If the hole is undersized, ream to correct size. If toolarge, discard.NOTE 2These are commonly available as a 764-in. drill and a No. 34 drill, respectively.8.4 Test tube shall be clean and free of residues. Inspect the tube for evidence of chipping or cracking, particularly the pointsof i

34、ndentation. Replace when necessary.8.5 Inspect both cork ring guide and upper cork for charring or distortions in shape. Total clearance between the cork ring guideand the inside wall of the test tube is 1.5 mm. When either cork is abnormal, replace.NOTE 1Dimensions in millimetres.FIG. 1 Plug Gauge,

35、 Depth Gauge, and Grease CupD566 1738.6 Inspect the bulb end of the thermometer to be used in the test tube. Clean if there is any residue build-up.9. Procedure9.1 Fill a test cup with sample by pressing the larger opening into the grease to be tested until the cup is filled. Remove excessgrease wit

36、h a spatula. Gently press the cup, held in a vertical position with the smaller opening at the bottom, down over the metalrod until the latter protrudes about 25 mm. Press the rod against the cup in such a manner that the rod makes contact at both upperand lower peripheries of the cup. Maintain this

37、 contact, rotating the cup on the rod along the index finger to give a spiral-likemotion down the rod to remove a conical section of the grease which adheres along the rod. As the cup approaches the end of therod, carefully slip the rod out of the cup so that a smooth film, free of air bubbles and o

38、f reproducible thickness, remains insidethe cup. See Fig. 4.9.2 Place the corks on the thermometer to be used in the test tube as shown in Fig. 2. With the thermometer depth gauge inposition in the test tube, adjust the position of the upper cork on the thermometer so that the thermometer bulb botto

39、ms snuglyin the depth gauge. Observe the relative position of the top edge of the upper cork to the thermometer stem as well as the relativeposition of the top edge of the test tube to the cork. Care must be taken to be certain that the thermometer is inserted to the samedepth when the apparatus is

40、reassembled with the grease cup in position.9.3 Replace the depth gauge with the grease cup as shown in Fig. 2 so that the thermometer is inserted to the previously gaugeddepth. When properly inserted, the bulb of the thermometer does not touch either the grease sample or the cup.9.4 Suspend the tes

41、t tube in the oil bath to a depth corresponding to the 76 mm immersion mark on the thermometer. This shouldleave the test tube rim at least 6 mm above the oil level.9.5 Suspend the second thermometer in the oil bath so that its bulb is at approximately the same level as the bulb of the testtube ther

42、mometer.9.6 Stir the oil bath and heat at a rate of 4 Cmin to 7 Cmin until the bath reaches a temperature of approximately 17 Cbelow the expected dropping point of the grease.At this point reduce the rate of heating so that the temperature difference betweenthe test tube and the oil bath is maintain

43、ed between 1 C and 2 C. This condition is established when the oil bath is heated at aNOTE 1Dimensions in millimetres.FIG. 2 Assembled ApparatusD566 174rate of about 1 Cmin to 1.5 Cmin. As the temperature increases, material will gradually protrude through the orifice of thegrease cup. When a drop o

44、f material falls, note the temperatures on the two thermometers and record their average to the nearestdegree as the dropping point of the grease.NOTE 3Certain greases form a drop with a tailing thread upon melting, which can break off or which can hold until the drop reaches the bottom ofthe test t

45、ube; in any case, the observed dropping point is the temperature when the drop reaches the bottom of the test tube.NOTE 4The dropping points of some greases, particularly those containing simple aluminum soaps, are known to decrease upon aging, the changebeing much greater than the deviation permitt

46、ed in results obtained by different laboratories. Therefore, comparative tests between laboratories shouldbe made within a period of six days.9.7 Two determinations can be made simultaneously in the same bath, provided both samples have approximately the samedropping points.10. Report10.1 Report the

47、 result to the nearest degree as the ASTM-IP dropping point, ASTM D566.11. Precision and Bias611.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method as determined by statistical examination of interlaboratory results is asfollows:11.1.1 RepeatabilityThe difference between two test results obtained by the s

48、ame operator with the same apparatus underconstant operating conditions on identical test material would, in the long run, in the normal and correct operation of the testmethod, exceed the following value only in one case in twenty:Repeatability57 C (1)6 There is no research report on file because t

49、his test method was developed prior to the development of Research Report guidelines. The statistical method used todetermine precision is unknown.NOTE 1Dimensions in millimetres.FIG. 3 Polished Metal RodD566 17511.1.2 ReproducibilityThe difference between two single and independent results obtained by different operators working indifferent laboratories on identical test material would, in the long run, in the normal and correct operation of the test method,exceed the following value in only one case in twenty:Reproducibility