ASTM D579-2009 Standard Specification for Greige Woven Glass Fabrics.pdf

1、Designation: D 579 09Standard Specification forGreige Woven Glass Fabrics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 579; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses

2、 indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers greige fabrics woven from “E”electrical glass fib

3、er yarns. This specification can also beapplied to fabrics made of other glass fiber types as agreedupon between the purchaser and the supplier.1.2 This specification specifies the terminology, definitions,general requirements and physical requirements for greigeglass fiber fabrics. This specificati

4、on permits the application oforganic materials to the glass fiber yarn during manufacturethat helps facilitate weaving.1.3 This specification shows the values in both SI units andin inch-pound units. “SI units” is the technically correct namefor the system of metric units known as the InternationalS

5、ystem of Units. “Inch-pound units” is the technically correctname for the customary units used in the United States. Thevalues in SI units are provided as information only; the valuesstated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.1.4 This specification is one of a series to provide asubst

6、itute for Military Specifications: MIL-Y-1140 Yarn, Cord,Sleeving, Cloth, and Tape-Glass; and MIL-C-9084 Cloth,Glass Finished for Resin Laminates.1.5 Additional ASTM specifications in this series have beendrafted and appear in current editions of the Annual Book ofASTM Standards. These include finis

7、hed glass fabrics, unfin-ished glass fabrics, glass tapes, glass sleevings, glass cords,glass sewing threads, and finished laminates made from fin-ished glass fabrics.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of

8、the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents22.1 ASTM Standards:D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 578 Specification for Glass Fiber StrandsD 1059 Test Method for Y

9、arn Number Based on Short-Length SpecimensD 1423 Test Method for Twist in Yarns by Direct-CountingD 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD 1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile MaterialsD 3773 Test Methods for Length of Woven FabricD 3774 Test Method for Width of Textile FabricD 37

10、75 Test Method for Warp (End) and Filling (Pick)Count of Woven FabricsD 3776 Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) ofFabricD 4963 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Glass Strands andFabricsD 5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation ofTextile Fabrics (Strip Method)D 7018 Terminology Re

11、lating to Glass Fiber and Its Prod-ucts2.2 ANSI Standards:ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 Sampling Procedures for Inspection byAttributes32.3 Military Standard and Specifications:MIL-Y-1140H Yarn, Cord, Sleeving, Cloth and Tape-Glass4MIL-C-9084C Cloth, Glass Finished for Resin Laminates42.4 Textile Institute Documen

12、ts:Textile Terms and Definitions5Woven Cloth Construction51This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 onTextiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.18 on Glass Fiber andits Products.Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2009. Published February 2009. Originallya

13、pproved in 1940. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 579 04.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM w

14、ebsite.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.5Available from the Textile Institu

15、te, 10 Blackfriars St., Manchester, M3 5DREngland.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Mon Mar 2 01:28:56 EST 2009Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) pursuant to License Agre

16、ement. No further reproductions authorized.3. Terminology3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.18, Glass Fibers andIts Products, refer to Terminology D 7018.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this specification:atmosphere for testing textiles, continuous filament, crowfootweave, eight-harne

17、ss satin, greige goods, leno weave, mockleno weave, twelve-harness satin3.2 For all other terms related to textiles, see TerminologyD 123.CLASSIFICATION4. Classification4.1 The designation of a fabric shall be by style numbersthat are standard throughout the industry. Generally used stylenumbers are

18、 listed in numerical order in Table 8.REQUIREMENTS5. Material5.1 The yarn shall be continuous filament, unless otherwisespecified, free of any free alkali metal salts, such as soda orpotash, and foreign particles, dirt, and other impurities.6. Fabric Count6.1 For fabrics listed in Table 8, the nomin

19、al fabric countshall conform to the requirements of Table 8. For fabrics notlisted in Table 8, the nominal fabric count shall be agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the supplier. The average count ofwarp ends shall be within two ends of the nominal count, andthe average count of the filling picks s

20、hall be within two picksof the nominal count.7. Yarn Designations7.1 For fabrics listed in Table 8, the yarn designations shallconform to the requirements of Table 8. For fabrics not listedin Table 8, the yarn designations shall be agreed upon betweenthe purchaser and the supplier. The requirements

21、of theindividual elements of the designation are specified in Sections8-12.7.1.1 In some cases ECE 225 yarn is specified in Table 8.ECD 225 may be substituted with no significant decrease inproperty performance.8. Yarn Number8.1 For fabrics listed in Table 8, the nominal size-free yarnnumbers of the

22、 yarns designated shall conform to SpecificationD 578. For fabrics not listed in Table 8, the nominal size-freeyarn number shall be agreed upon between purchaser andsupplier.9. Filament Diameter9.1 The nominal filament diameter for yarns in the fabricshall conform to the nominal range for filament d

23、iameteraverage values specified in Table 1 of Specification D 578.10. Strand Construction10.1 The basis for specifying strand construction is given inSpecification D 578. For fabrics listed in Table 8, the construc-tion of the component strands shall conform to the require-ments of Table 8. For fabr

24、ics not listed in Table 8, theconstruction of the component strands shall be agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the supplier.11. Direction of Twist11.1 Unless otherwise agreed upon between the purchaserand the supplier, the primary twist in the singles strands shallbe “Z” twist and the final twist

25、 in the plied yarns shall be “S”twist.12. Twist Level12.1 The nominal twist in the component strands and thefinished yarns shall conform to the requirements of Table 8 inSpecification D 578. The tolerances for the primary twist andthe final twist shall conform to Table 1 of this document unlessother

26、wise agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.13. Fabric Weave Type13.1 For fabrics listed in Table 8, the fabric weave type shallconform to the requirements of Table 8. For fabrics not listedin Table 8, the fabric weave type shall be agreed upon betweenthe purchaser and the supplier.TABLE

27、 1 Twist TolerancesTolerancesTurns per Centimetre:From zero to 0.4, incl 60.1 turn per centimetreOver 0.4 and up to and including4.060.2 turn per centimetreOver 4 65.0 % of the specified average twistTurns per Metre:From zero to 40, incl 610 turns per metreOver 40 and up to and including400620 turns

28、 per metreOver 400 65.0 % of the specified average twistTurns per Inch:From zero to 1, incl 60.25 turn per inchOver 1 and up to and including 10 60.5 turn per inchOver 10 65.0 % of the specified average twistTABLE 2 TolerancesMass/Unit AreaNominal Mass/Unit Area,g/m2(oz/yd2)Permissible Variation,%13

29、6 (4.0) and under 610Over 136 (4.0) 66TABLE 3 TolerancesThicknessNominal ThicknessPermissible Varia-tionsmillimetres0.075 and under 60.013Over 0.075 to 0.250 60.025Over 0.250 to 0.380 60.050Over 0.380 60.075inches0.0030 and under 60.0005Over 0.0030 to 0.0100 60.0010Over 0.0100 to 0.0150 60.0020Over

30、0.0150 60.0030D579092Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Mon Mar 2 01:28:56 EST 2009Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.14. Mass Per Unit Area14.1 For fabrics listed in Table 8, the nominal mass per unitarea shall conform

31、 to the requirement of Table 8. For fabricsnot listed in Table 8, the nominal mass per unit area shall beagreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier. Theaverage mass per unit area for the lot shall conform to therequirements of Table 2.15. Thickness15.1 For fabrics listed in Table 8, the nomi

32、nal thicknessshall conform to the requirements of Table 8. For fabrics notlisted in Table 8, the nominal thickness shall be agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the supplier. The average thicknessof the fabric in the lot shall conform to the requirements ofTable 3, unless specified otherwise.16. Bre

33、aking Strength16.1 For fabrics listed in Table 8, the minimum breakingstrength shall conform to the requirements of Table 8. Forfabrics and/or breaking strength not listed in Table 8, theminimum breaking strength shall be agreed upon between thepurchaser and the supplier. The average breaking streng

34、th forthe lot shall exceed the specified breaking strength, and noindividual break shall be less than 80 % of the specifiedminimum breaking strength.17. Width17.1 Fabric width shall be agreed upon between the pur-chaser and the supplier. The fabric width, including bothselvages but excluding any fea

35、thered edges, shall be nonarrower than the specified width and no more than 13 mm (0.5in.) wider than the specified width.NOTE 1During the processing of glass fabrics, the selvages may beslit to minimize tension influences. This slit distance is generally excludedwhen measuring the fabric width.18.

36、Length18.1 The fabric roll length, length between splices, andnumber of splices per roll shall be agreed upon betweenpurchaser and supplier. All splices must be thermoset unlessotherwise agreed upon between the purchaser and supplier.19. Ignition Loss19.1 The ignition loss of greige fabric shall be

37、less than4.0 % unless otherwise agreed upon between the purchaser andthe supplier.20. Fabric Appearance20.1 The woven greige fabric shall be generally uniform inquality and condition, clean, smooth, and free of foreignparticles and defects detrimental to fabrication, appearance, orperformance. .TABL

38、E 4 Classification of DefectsADefect Description Major MinorBias or bowed filling Pick line distortion from horizontal by more than 2.5 % for entire width XBaggy, ridged, or wavy cloth Clearly noticeable XCut or tear 6.5 mm (0.25 in.) or more in any direction (body only) XHole 13 mm (0.5 in.) or mor

39、e in diameter XLess than 13 mm (0.5 in.) in diameter XSpots, streaks, or stains,foreign inclusionsClearly noticeable XTender or weak spot Clearly noticeable 50 mm (2 in.) or more in combined directions XClearly noticeable less than 50 mm (2 in.) but greater than 6.5 mm (0.25 in.)in combined directio

40、nsXSmash 76 mm (3 in.) or more in combined directions XLess than 76 mm (3 in.) in combined directions XBroken, missing ends or picks 2 or more contiguous regardless of length XFloats and skips 50 mm (2 in.) or more in combined directions XLess than 50 mm (2 in.) in combined directions XLight marks G

41、reater than 6.5 mm (0.25 in.) in width X2 picks less than nominal pick construction XHeavy marks Puckering clearly noticeable X2 picks more than nominal pick construction XCrease Hard embedded and folded over on self XWaste Clearly noticeable over 6.5 mm (0.25 in) in length XClearly noticeable less

42、than 6.5 mm (0.25 in.) in length XWeave separation Clearly noticeable 3 mm (0.125 in.) or more XBrittle or fused area Any XSelvage Defects Curled or folded under XCut or torn less than 6.5 mm (0.25 in.) in length XCut or torn 6.5 mm (0.25 in.) and over in length XSelvage leno ends out Greater than5m

43、(5yd)missing(continuously) XLess than5m(5yd)missing XFeather edge Greater than 5 mm (0.1875 in.) running more than5m(5yd) XGreater than 5 mm (0.1875 in.) but running less than5m(5yd) XAAt a normal viewing distance of 1 m or 3 ft.TABLE 5 Sample Size Determination for Construction, Mass,Width, and Phy

44、sical PropertiesLot Size in Units, m or (yd)SampleSize, Numberof Units (Rolls)800 or less 2801 up to and including 22 000 322 001 and over 5D579093Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Mon Mar 2 01:28:56 EST 2009Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No further

45、reproductions authorized.20.2 The fabric in the laboratory sample for the fabricappearance shall be examined for the defects listed in Table 4and the acceptable quality levels (AQLs) are 2.5 major and 6.5total (major and minor combined) defects per hundred units offabric unless otherwise agreed upon

46、 between the purchaser andthe supplier.20.3 When specified, the warp direction of the fabric shallbe marked by blue direction-indicator yarns running warpwisein the cloth and spaced approximately 150 mm (6 in.) apart.21. Put-Up21.1 Fabric shall be furnished in rolls and shall be wound onspiral tubes

47、. The tube dimensions shall be shall be as agreedupon between the purchaser and supplier. The maximumnumber of pieces contained in any roll shall be as specified in18.1.22. Sampling22.1 Lot SizeA lot shall consist of each 9000 m (10 000yd) of a single fabric style unless otherwise agreed uponbetween

48、 the purchaser and the supplier.22.1.1 When small multiple shipments are made from aninspected lot, the shipments may be made without additionalinspection as agreed upon between the purchaser and thesupplier.22.2 Lot SampleTake at random as a lot sample thenumber of rolls of fabric specified in ANSI

49、/ASQC Z1.4 and asingle sampling plan, unless otherwise agreed upon.22.3 Laboratory SampleAs a laboratory sample, take thefollowing samples:22.3.1 For fabric appearance, fabric width, mass per unitarea, and fabric length, the rolls in the lot sample serve as thelaboratory sample.22.3.2 For other properties, take at random from the rolls inthe lot sample the number of rolls specified in Table 5. Fromeach roll in the laboratory sample, takea1m(1yd)full-widthswatch from the end of the roll after first discarding a minimumof1m(1yd)offabric from the very outside of the roll.Remo