ASTM D584-2010(2018) Standard Test Method for Wool Content of Raw Wool&x2014 Laboratory Scale.pdf

1、Designation: D584 10 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Test Method forWool Content of Raw WoolLaboratory Scale1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D584; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revis

2、ion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for thedetermination of the wool base content and the clean wool fiberpresent in

3、samples of raw wool. This test method is alsoapplicable to other animal fibers such as mohair, cashmere,alpaca, and camel hair.NOTE 1Sampling of lots of raw wool in packages is covered inPractice D1060; the determination of vegetable matter and other alkali-insoluble impurities in scoured wool is co

4、vered in Test Method D1113; thedetermination of wool content on a commercial scale is covered in TestMethod D1334. For factors for the conversion of woolbase content to itsequivalent in terms of scoured wool, top, or noil of various commerciallyspecified compositions (formerly covered in the appendi

5、x of this testmethod), refer to Practice D2720.NOTE 2Because of the trade practice the term weight is used in thistest method instead of the technically correct term mass.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 T

6、his standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4

7、This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Tra

8、de (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1060 Practice for Core Sampling of Raw Wool in Packagesfor Determination of Percentage of Clean Wool FiberPresentD1113 Test Method for Vegetable Matter and Other Alkali-Insoluble Impurities in Scoured

9、 WoolD1334 Test Method for Wool Content of Raw WoolCommercial Scale (Withdrawn 2018)3D2525 Practice for Sampling Wool for MoistureD2720 Practice for Calculation of Commercial Weight andYield of Scoured Wool, Top, and Noil for Various Com-mercial CompositionsD4845 Terminology Relating to WoolE337 Tes

10、t Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psy-chrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem-peratures)2.2 Other Standard:IWTO-19-85 (E) Method for the Determination of WoolBase, Vegetable Matter Base; IWTO Clean Wool Content;IWTO Scoured Yield in Raw Wool43. Terminology3.1 For all terminology rel

11、ating to D13.13, Wool and WoolFelt, refer to Terminology D4845.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:clean wool fiber present, other alkali-insoluble impurities,oven-dried, raw wool, vegetable matter base, vegetable matterpresent, wool base, yield.3.2 For definitions of other texti

12、le terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology D123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The entire sample, or each test specimen drawn there-from in a specified manner, is weighed, scoured, dried, andreweighed. The oven-dry scoured wool is tested to determineits content of alcohol-extractable matte

13、r, mineral matter (ash),vegetable matter base, and other alkali-insoluble impurities.The wool-base content, laboratory scoured yield, clean woolfiber present, and vegetable matter present are calculated aspercentages of the mass of the raw wool sample.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of A

14、STM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.13 on Wool and Felt.Current edition approved July 1, 2018. Published July 2018. Originally approvedin 1940. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D584 10. DOI: 10.1520/D0584-10R18.2For referenced ASTM standards, vi

15、sit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Specificat

16、ions of Test Methods, International Wool Textile Organization,International Wool Secretariat, Ilkley, West Yorkshire, U.K. LS298PB.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance

17、with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.15. Significance and Use5.1 This test m

18、ethod is considered satisfactory for accep-tance testing of commercial shipments since this test methodhas been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.5.1.1 In case of dispute arising from differences in reportedtest results when using Test Method D584 for acceptancetesting of commerci

19、al shipments, the purchaser and the sup-plier should conduct comparative testing to determine if thereis a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competentstatistical assistance is recommended for the investigation ofbias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of testspecimens that

20、 are as homogenous as possible and that arefrom a lot of the type material in question. The test specimensshould then be assigned in equal numbers to each laboratoryfor testing. The average results from the two laboratoriesshould be compared using Students t-test for unpaired dataand an acceptable p

21、robability level chosen by the two partiesbefore testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause mustbe found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier mustagree to interpret future test results in the light of known bias.5.2 The wool-base content of wool in any condition or formis a ba

22、sic quantity. From it may be calculated commercialmasses or yields in any of the various recognized definedsystems used in international commerce (Note 1).5.2.1 The procedures for determining the wool base contentof greasy wool provided in this test method and in IWTOMethod 19-85(E) are in essential

23、 agreement.NOTE 3This is not true for scoured wool, as IWTO Method 19-85(E)does not require rescouring of scoured wool containing less than 5 %residual grease.5.3 Not all of the wool base present in a lot of raw wool canbe recovered in useful form by commercial cleaning opera-tions. The amount of wo

24、ol loss varies, depending on factorssuch as the character of the wool, the nature and percentage ofthe impurities present, the cleaning process and equipmentused, and so forth.5.4 No ASTM standard specifies or recommends any spe-cific procedure or practice for estimating anticipated loss ofwool duri

25、ng commercial cleaning (or other) operations. Thefollowing statutory practice is described solely for information:5.4.1 For the purpose of duty assessment on importations ofraw wool into the United States, the Tariff Schedules of theUnited States5provides a statutory formula for calculating theallow

26、ance to be made for wool “that would ordinarily be lostduring commercial cleaning operations.” The formula is basedon the clean wool fiber present (called “absolute clean content”in the Tariff Schedules) and on the vegetable matter present.The allowance, in terms of clean wool fiber present, is equa

27、l to0.5 % of the clean wool fiber present plus 60 % of thevegetable matter present, the total allowance not to exceed15 % of the clean wool fiber present. The dutiable quantity(called “clean yield” in the Tariff Schedules) is the differencebetween the clean wool fiber present and the allowance socal

28、culated.6. Apparatus6.1 Subsampling EquipmentA cylindrical or rectangularchamber having a sliding cover plate by means of which woolin the chamber may be compressed, and openings in the bottomplate through which cores may be bored with a sampling tubeapproximately 12 mm in inside diameter. The openi

29、ngs shall beabout 18 mm in diameter and spaced uniformly on 40 to50-mm centers over the entire plate. The volume of thechamber must be sufficient to contain the sample, but therelative dimensions are optional. For greasy wool samplesweighing 10 kg, a chamber 300 by 300 by 700 mm issatisfactory. A re

30、placeable inner lining of soft wood or similarmaterial for the sliding cover plate is recommended to avoiddamage to the cutting edge of the sampling tube.6.1.1 Sampling TubeSimilar to that used to obtain coresamples, as described in Practice D1060.6.2 Scouring EquipmentA scouring bowl withaccessorie

31、s, and a flotation jar.6.2.1 Scouring BowlA rectangular or cylindrical vessel of30 to 50-L capacity, with an attached drain board. The lowerportion of the bowl is in the shape of an inverted pyramid orcone that is connected to a sliding-disk valve and a short lengthof drain pipe. At the bottom of th

32、e bowl, above the valve anddrain pipe, is a close-fitting, removable perforated plate(6.2.1.1). The drain pipe is centered over a No. 200 (75-m)sieve, 120 to 200 mm in diameter, supported in a catch-basin.6.2.1.1 Two Plates, one with 1 to 2-mm openings, the othersimilar plate covered on its upper su

33、rface with No. 100(150-m) woven wire cloth.6.2.1.2 Thermostatic Device, capable of delivering water tothe scouring bowl at a desired temperature with a tolerance of63C.6.2.1.3 Paddle or other Stirring Device.6.2.1.4 Spray or Shower Head with a flexible connection foruse in rinsing.6.2.2 Flotation Ja

34、rA glass or transparent plastic vessel of1 to 2-L capacity, approximately 200 mm tall, for separating byflotation the short wool fibers retained by the No. 200 (75-m)sieve from associated sand and other heavy impurities.6.3 Wringer or Basket Centrifuge, for the removal of excesswater from the scoure

35、d sample before drying in the oven.6.3.1 Net Bag, having openings of 60 mesh (250 m) orfiner. Bags are used with a squeeze roll type of wringer or witha centrifuge.6.3.2 Metal Can, with bottom formed from 100-mesh (150-m) wire screen supported by a perforated metal plate may beused with basket centr

36、ifuges. The dimensions of the can mustbe such that the can is capable of containing the scouredsample, fitting into the centrifuge, and adaptable to the dryer.6.4 DryerA forced-draft oven or, preferably, a heated airflow-through type of dryer capable of supplying clean air at adesired temperature wi

37、th a tolerance of 62C.6.5 Muffle Furnace, thermostatically controlled in the rangeof 700 6 25C.6.6 Soxhlet Extraction Apparatus, medium size.5Tariff Schedules of the United States, Schedule 3. Part 1, Subpart C, Headnote1 (c).D584 10 (2018)27. Reagents7.1 Scouring Solution AA solution containing app

38、roxi-mately 0.3 % of soda ash (Na2CO3) and 0.1 % of soap havinga titer of not over 25C. Addition to the solution of approxi-mately 0.3 % of a lime-sequestering agent of the polyphos-phate type is recommended.7.2 Scouring Solution BA solution containing approxi-mately 0.15 % of Na2CO3and 0.05 % of so

39、ap having a titer ofnot over 25C.Addition to the solution of approximately 0.3 %of a lime-sequestering agent of the polyphosphate type isrecommended.NOTE 4For nonreferee tests, various scouring solutions containingnonionic detergents, with or without soda ash or builders, at varioustemperatures, are

40、 sometimes used instead of Scouring Solutions A and B.7.3 Washing SolutionAsolution containing approximately0.02 % of a nonionic detergent of the polyoxyethylene type.7.4 AlcoholEither pure ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH) or spe-cially denatured alcohol conforming to Formula 3Aor 30 of theU.S. Bureau of Inte

41、rnal Revenue.8. Preparation of Sample and Test Specimens8.1 For the sampling of commercial shipments take a lotsample as directed in an applicable material specification, or asagreed upon between the purchaser and the seller. In absence ofa material specification or other agreement, take a lot sampl

42、efrom a lot of packaged raw wool as directed in Practice D1060,and take a lot sample from a lot of raw wool in bulk form asdirected in Practice D2525.8.2 WeighingDetermine the net mass, in grams, of thelaboratory sample as received to four significant figures, takingcare to avoid any change in moist

43、ure content during weighing.8.2.1 Pieces of outer bale wrappers (burlap or plastic) areoccasionally present in core samples. If such material ispresent, remove and weigh it before discarding. Deduct themass of this material from the net mass of the sample asreceived (8.2) to obtain the adjusted net

44、mass, M.8.2.2 Remove and discard, without weighing, strings andother extraneous material not containing wool or vegetablematter that are present in substantial amount.8.3 Small SamplesIf the mass of the sample is not morethan three times the scouring capacity of the scouring bowl,test the entire sam

45、ple, in one, two, or three portions as may berequired. Consider the maximum scouring capacity of the bowlto be the mass of raw wool in grams equal to 12 times thevolume of scouring solution in litres.8.3.1 If the sample is a core sample, no further preparationis required. If it is not a core sample

46、and consists of fibersexceeding 50 mm in length, cut the fibers with scissors or apaper cutter to less than 50-mm lengths.8.4 Large SamplesIf the mass of the sample exceeds threetimes the scouring capacity of the bowl (8.3), prepare testspecimens by subsampling as follows:8.4.1 Place the sample in t

47、he chamber of the subsamplingdevice (6.1), compress to a density of 0.2 to 0.3 g/cm3, and takea full-length core through each opening of the plate.8.4.2 Open the chamber, redistribute the wool, compressand take a second test specimen as in 8.4.1. Repeat 8.4.2 untilthe desired mass of core samples ar

48、e obtained.8.4.3 Remove, weigh, and retain the remainder of thesample in an airtight container for use in drawing additionaltest specimens, if necessary or desired.8.4.4 Weigh the blended core samples into individual testportions in preparation for scouring (10.1).9. Conditioning9.1 Neither precondi

49、tioning nor conditioning in the standardatmosphere for testing is required.10. Procedure10.1 ScouringScour each portion of the sample (8.3)oreach test specimen (8.4.1, 8.4.2) as directed in 10.1.1 or 10.1.2,whichever is applicable.10.1.1 Greasy or Pulled Wool:10.1.1.1 With the coarse perforated plate in place in thescouring bowl, immerse the wool in Scouring Solution A at atemperature of 52 6 3C (not less than 1 L for each 12 g ofwool) and stir for 3 min. Drain the solution through the No. 200(75-m) sieve. Spray the wool with a strong stream of warmw