ASTM D613-2017 Standard Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil.pdf

1、Designation: D613 16aD613 17Designation: 41/2000Standard Test Method forCetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D613; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev

2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determinati

3、on of the rating of diesel fuel oil in terms of an arbitrary scale of cetane numbersusing a standard single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, indirect injected diesel engine.1.2 The cetane number scale covers the range from zero (0) to 100, but typical testing is in the range

4、of 30 to 65 cetane number.1.3 The values for operating conditions are stated in SI units and are to be regarded as the standard. The values given inparentheses are the historical inch-pound units for information only. In addition, the engine measurements continue to be ininch-pound units because of

5、the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for these units.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine

6、 the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. For more specific warning statements, see Annex A1.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of Inter

7、national Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Produ

8、cts and Liquid FuelsD3703 Test Method for Hydroperoxide Number of Aviation Turbine Fuels, Gasoline and Diesel FuelsD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and LubricantsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling

9、 of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-ment System PerformanceE456 Terminology Relating to Quality and StatisticsE542 Practice for Calibration of Laboratory Volumetric ApparatusE832

10、Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 accepted reference value (ARV), na value that serves as an agreed-upon reference for comparison, and which is derivedas: (1) a theoretical or established value, based on scientific principles, or (2) an assigned or certifi

11、ed value, based on experimental1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.01 on Combustion Characteristics.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016March 1, 2017. Published Octo

12、ber 2016May 2017. Originally approved in 1941. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D613 1616a.1. DOI: 10.1520/D0613-16A.10.1520/D0613-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvol

13、ume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adeq

14、uately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM

15、International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1work of some national or international organization, or (3) a consensus or certified value, based on collaborative experimental workunder the auspices of a scientific or engineering group. E4563.1.1.1

16、DiscussionIn the context of this test method, accepted reference value is understood to apply to the cetane number of specific referencematerials determined empirically under reproducibility conditions by the National Exchange Group or another recognizedexchange testing organization.3.1.2 cetane num

17、ber (CN), na measure of the ignition performance of a diesel fuel oil obtained by comparing it to referencefuels in a standardized engine test. D41753.1.2.1 DiscussionIn the context of this test method, ignition performance is understood to mean the ignition delay of the fuel as determined in astand

18、ard test engine under controlled conditions of fuel flow rate, injection timing and compression ratio.3.1.3 compression ratio (CR), nthe ratio of the volume of the combustion chamber including the precombustion chamber withthe piston at bottom dead center to the comparable volume with the piston at

19、top dead center.3.1.4 ignition delay, nthat period of time, expressed in degrees of crank angle rotation, between the start of fuel injection andthe start of combustion.3.1.5 injection timing (injection advance), nthat time in the combustion cycle, measured in degrees of crank angle, at whichfuel in

20、jection into the combustion chamber is initiated.3.1.6 quality control (QC) sample, nfor use in quality assurance programs to determine and monitor the precision and stabilityof a measurement system, a stable and homogeneous material having physical or chemical properties, or both, similar to those

21、oftypical samples tested by the analytical measurement system. The material is properly stored to ensure sample integrity, and isavailable in sufficient quantity for repeated, long term testing. D62993.1.7 repeatability conditions, nconditions where independent test results are obtained with the sam

22、e method on identical testitems in the same laboratory by the same operator using the same equipment within short intervals of time. E4563.1.7.1 DiscussionIn the context of this test method, a short time interval between two ratings on a sample fuel is understood to be not less than thetime to obtai

23、n at least one rating on another sample fuel between them but not so long as to permit any significant change in thesample fuel, test equipment, or environment.3.1.8 reproducibility conditions, nconditions where test results are obtained with the same method on identical test items indifferent labor

24、atories with different operators using different equipment. E4563.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 cetane meter, nthe electronic apparatus which displays injection advance and ignition delay derived from input pulsesof multiple transducers (pickups).3.2.1.1 DiscussionIn the con

25、text of this test method, three generations of apparatus have been approved for use as cetane meters. These are (year ofintroduction is parenthesis) the Mark II Ignition Delay Meter (1974), the Dual Digital Cetane Meter (1990), and the XCP CetanePanel (2014).3.2.2 Check Fuels,check fuels, nfor quali

26、ty control testing, a diesel fuel oil of selected characteristics having a cetane numberaccepted reference value determined by round-robin testing under reproducibilityin accordance with Practice D6299 condition-s.requirements for check standards derived from interlaboratory exchange programs.3.2.2.

27、1 DiscussionWhen evaluating the interlaboratory data to establish the ARV, outlier identification and rejection criteria shall be applied at the5 % significance level prior to computing the average result.3.2.3 combustion pickup, npressure transducer exposed to cylinder pressure to indicate the star

28、t of combustion.D613 1723.2.4 handwheel reading, nan arbitrary numerical value, related to compression ratio, obtained from a micrometer scale thatindicates the position of the variable compression plug in the precombustion chamber of the engine.3.2.5 injector opening pressure, nthe fuel pressure th

29、at overcomes the resistance of the spring which normally holds thenozzle pintle closed, and thus forces the pintle to lift and release an injection spray from the nozzle.3.2.6 injector pickup, ntransducer to detect motion of the injector pintle, thereby indicating the beginning of injection.3.2.7 pr

30、imary reference fuels (PRF), nn-cetane, heptamethyl nonane (HMN) and volumetrically proportioned mixtures ofthese materials which now define the cetane number scale; the cetane number accepted reference value (CNARV) for any mixtureof n-cetane and HMN is given by the relationship:CNARV5volume-% n-ce

31、tane10.15 volume- %HMN! (1)3.2.7.1 DiscussionIn the context of this test method, the arbitrary cetane number scale was originally defined as the volume percent of n-cetane ina blend with alpha-methylnaphthalene (AMN) where n-cetane had an assigned value of 100 and AMN an assigned value of zero(0). A

32、 change from alpha-methylnaphthalene to heptamethylnonane as the low cetane ingredient was made in 1962 to utilize amaterial of better storage stability and availability. Heptamethylnonane was determined to have a cetane number accepted referencevalue (CNARV) of 15 based on engine testing by the AST

33、M Diesel National Exchange Group.33.2.7.2 DiscussionIn the context of this test method, the Diesel National Exchange Group of Subcommittee D02.014 is composed of petroleumindustry, governmental, and independent laboratories. It conducts regular monthly exchange sample analyses to generate precisiond

34、ata for this engine test standard and determines the CNARV of reference materials used by all laboratories.3.2.8 reference pickups, ntransducers or optical sensors mounted over the flywheel of the engine, triggered by a flywheelindicator, used to establish a top-dead-center (tdc) reference and a tim

35、e base for calibration of the cetane meter.3.2.9 secondary reference fuels (SRF), nvolumetrically proportioned blends of two selected, numbered, and pairedhydrocarbon mixtures designated T Fuel (high cetane) and U Fuel (low cetane) that have been rated by theASTM Diesel NationalExchange Group using

36、primary reference fuels to determine a cetane number accepted reference value for each individually andfor various combinations of the two.3.3 Abbreviations:3.3.1 ABDCafter bottom dead center3.3.2 AMNalpha-methylnaphthalene3.3.3 ARVaccepted reference value3.3.4 ATDCafter top dead center3.3.5 BBDCbef

37、ore bottom dead center3.3.6 BTDCbefore top dead center3.3.7 CNcetane number3.3.8 CRcompression ratio3.3.9 HMNheptamethyl nonane3.3.10 HRFhigh reference fuel3.3.11 HWhand wheel3.3.12 IATintake air temperature3.3.13 LRFlow reference fuel3.3.14 NEGNational Exchange Group3.3.15 PRFprimary reference fuel

38、s3.3.16 SRFsecondary reference fuels3 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1092. Contact ASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.org.4 Bylaws governing ASTM Subcommittee D02.01 on Combustion Characteristics are availa

39、ble from the subcommittee or from ASTM International.D613 1733.3.17 TDCtop dead center3.3.18 UVultraviolet4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The cetane number of a diesel fuel oil is determined by comparing its combustion characteristics in a test engine with thosefor blends of reference fuels of known ce

40、tane number under standard operating conditions. This is accomplished using thebracketing handwheel procedure which varies the compression ratio (handwheel reading) for the sample and each of twobracketing reference fuels to obtain a specific ignition delay permitting interpolation of cetane number

41、in terms of handwheelreading.5. Significance and Use5.1 The cetane number provides a measure of the ignition characteristics of diesel fuel oil in compression ignition engines.5.2 This test method is used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in commerce as a primaryspecific

42、ation measurement related to matching of fuels and engines.5.3 Cetane number is determined at constant speed in a precombustion chamber type compression ignition test engine. Therelationship of test engine performance to full scale, variable speed, variable load engines is not completely understood.

43、5.4 This test method may be used for unconventional fuels such as synthetics, vegetable oils, and the like. However, therelationship to the performance of such materials in full scale engines is not completely understood.6. Interferences6.1 (WarningAvoid exposure of sample fuels and reference fuels

44、to sunlight or fluorescent lamp UV emissions to minimizeinduced chemical reactions that can affect cetane number ratings.)56.1.1 Exposure of these fuels to UV wavelengths shorter than 550 nm for a short period of time may significantly affect cetanenumber ratings.6.2 Certain gases and fumes present

45、in the area where the cetane test engine is located may have a measurable effect on thecetane number test result.6.3 This test method is not suitable for rating diesel fuel oils with fluid properties that interfere with unimpeded gravity flowof fuel to the fuel pump or delivery through the injector

46、nozzle.7. Apparatus7.1 Engine Equipment6,7This test method uses a single cylinder engine which consists of a standard crankcase with fuel pumpassembly, a cylinder with separate head assembly of the precombustion type, thermal syphon recirculating jacket coolant system,multiple fuel tank system with

47、selector valving, injector assembly with specific injector nozzle, electrical controls, and a suitableexhaust pipe. The engine is belt connected to a special electric power-absorption motor which acts as a motor driver to start theengine and as a means to absorb power at constant speed when combusti

48、on is occurring (engine firing). See Fig. 1 and Table 1.7.2 Instrumentation6,7This test method uses electronic apparatus to measure injection and ignition delay timing as well asconventional thermometry, gages and general purpose meters.7.2.1 Cetane MeterUse of an approved cetane meter is mandatory;

49、 only the XCP Cetane Panel or the Dual Digital CetaneMeter or the Mark II Ignition Delay Meter shall be used for this test method.7.3 Reference Fuel Dispensing EquipmentThis test method requires repeated blending of two secondary reference fuelmaterials in volumetric proportions on an as-needed basis. Measurement shall be performed accurately because rating error isproportional to blending error.7.3.1 Volumetric Blending of Reference FuelsVolumetric blending has historically been employed to prepare the requiredblends of referenc