1、Designation: D613 17a1Designation: 41/2000Standard Test Method forCetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D613; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1NOTETable 3 was corrected editorially in May 2017.1. Scop
3、e*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the ratingof diesel fuel oil in terms of an arbitrary scale of cetanenumbers using a standard single cylinder, four-stroke cycle,variable compression ratio, indirect injected diesel engine.1.2 The cetane number scale covers the range from zero (0)to
4、 100, but typical testing is in the range of 30 to 65 cetanenumber.1.3 The values for operating conditions are stated in SI unitsand are to be regarded as the standard. The values given inparentheses are the historical inch-pound units for informationonly. In addition, the engine measurements contin
5、ue to be ininch-pound units because of the extensive and expensivetooling that has been created for these units.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate saf
6、ety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specificwarning statements, see Annex A1.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision
7、on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD2500 Test
8、 Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Productsand Liquid FuelsD3703 Test Method for Hydroperoxide Number of AviationTurbine Fuels, Gasoline and Diesel FuelsD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, LiquidFuels, and Lubricant
9、sD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assuranceand Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate AnalyticalMeasurement System PerformanceE456 Terminology Relating to Quality and StatisticsE542 Practice for Calibration of La
10、boratory VolumetricApparatusE832 Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 accepted reference value (ARV), na value that servesas an agreed-upon reference for comparison, and which isderived as: (1) a theoretical or established value, based onscientific principles
11、, or (2) an assigned or certified value, basedon experimental work of some national or internationalorganization, or (3) a consensus or certified value, based oncollaborative experimental work under the auspices of ascientific or engineering group. E4563.1.1.1 DiscussionIn the context of this test m
12、ethod,accepted reference value is understood to apply to the cetane1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.01 on Combustion Characteristics.Current edition approved May 1,
13、 2017. Published May 2017. Originallyapproved in 1941. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D613 17. DOI:10.1520/D0613-17AE01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informa
14、tion, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accorda
15、nce with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1number of specific reference mater
16、ials determined empiricallyunder reproducibility conditions by the National ExchangeGroup or another recognized exchange testing organization.3.1.2 cetane number (CN), na measure of the ignitionperformance of a diesel fuel oil obtained by comparing it toreference fuels in a standardized engine test.
17、 D41753.1.2.1 DiscussionIn the context of this test method,ignition performance is understood to mean the ignition delayof the fuel as determined in a standard test engine undercontrolled conditions of fuel flow rate, injection timing andcompression ratio.3.1.3 compression ratio (CR), nthe ratio of
18、the volume ofthe combustion chamber including the precombustion chamberwith the piston at bottom dead center to the comparable volumewith the piston at top dead center.3.1.4 ignition delay, nthat period of time, expressed indegrees of crank angle rotation, between the start of fuelinjection and the
19、start of combustion.3.1.5 injection timing (injection advance), nthat time inthe combustion cycle, measured in degrees of crank angle, atwhich fuel injection into the combustion chamber is initiated.3.1.6 quality control (QC) sample, nfor use in qualityassurance programs to determine and monitor the
20、 precision andstability of a measurement system, a stable and homogeneousmaterial having physical or chemical properties, or both,similar to those of typical samples tested by the analyticalmeasurement system. The material is properly stored to ensuresample integrity, and is available in sufficient
21、quantity forrepeated, long term testing. D62993.1.7 repeatability conditions, nconditions where inde-pendent test results are obtained with the same method onidentical test items in the same laboratory by the same operatorusing the same equipment within short intervals of time. E4563.1.7.1 Discussio
22、nIn the context of this test method, ashort time interval between two ratings on a sample fuel isunderstood to be not less than the time to obtain at least onerating on another sample fuel between them but not so long asto permit any significant change in the sample fuel, testequipment, or environme
23、nt.3.1.8 reproducibility conditions, nconditions where testresults are obtained with the same method on identical testitems in different laboratories with different operators usingdifferent equipment. E4563.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 cetane meter, nthe electronic apparatu
24、s which dis-plays injection advance and ignition delay derived from inputpulses of multiple transducers (pickups).3.2.1.1 DiscussionIn the context of this test method, threegenerations of apparatus have been approved for use as cetanemeters. These are (year of introduction is parenthesis) the MarkII
25、 Ignition Delay Meter (1974), the Dual Digital Cetane Meter(1990), and the XCP Cetane Panel (2014).3.2.2 check fuels, nfor quality control testing, a diesel fueloil of selected characteristics having a cetane number acceptedreference value determined in accordance with Practice D6299requirements for
26、 check standards derived from interlaboratoryexchange programs.3.2.2.1 DiscussionWhen evaluating the interlaboratorydata to establish the ARV, outlier identification and rejectioncriteria shall be applied at the 5 % significance level prior tocomputing the average result.3.2.3 combustion pickup, npr
27、essure transducer exposed tocylinder pressure to indicate the start of combustion.3.2.4 handwheel reading, nan arbitrary numerical value,related to compression ratio, obtained from a micrometer scalethat indicates the position of the variable compression plug inthe precombustion chamber of the engin
28、e.3.2.5 injector opening pressure, nthe fuel pressure thatovercomes the resistance of the spring which normally holdsthe nozzle pintle closed, and thus forces the pintle to lift andrelease an injection spray from the nozzle.3.2.6 injector pickup, ntransducer to detect motion of theinjector pintle, t
29、hereby indicating the beginning of injection.3.2.7 primary reference fuels (PRF), nn-cetane, heptam-ethyl nonane (HMN) and volumetrically proportioned mixturesof these materials which now define the cetane number scale;the cetane number accepted reference value (CNARV) for anymixture of n-cetane and
30、 HMN is given by the relationship:CNARV5 volume-% n-cetane10.15 volume- % HMN! (1)3.2.7.1 DiscussionIn the context of this test method, thearbitrary cetane number scale was originally defined as thevolume percent of n-cetane in a blend with alpha-methylnaphthalene (AMN) where n-cetane had an assigne
31、dvalue of 100 and AMN an assigned value of zero (0). A changefrom alpha-methylnaphthalene to heptamethylnonane as thelow cetane ingredient was made in 1962 to utilize a material ofbetter storage stability and availability. Heptamethylnonanewas determined to have a cetane number accepted referenceval
32、ue (CNARV) of 15 based on engine testing by the ASTMDiesel National Exchange Group.33.2.7.2 DiscussionIn the context of this test method, theDiesel National Exchange Group of Subcommittee D02.014iscomposed of petroleum industry, governmental, and indepen-dent laboratories. It conducts regular monthl
33、y exchange sampleanalyses to generate precision data for this engine test standardand determines the CNARVof reference materials used by alllaboratories.3.2.8 reference pickups, ntransducers or optical sensorsmounted over the flywheel of the engine, triggered by aflywheel indicator, used to establis
34、h a top-dead-center (tdc)reference and a time base for calibration of the cetane meter.3.2.9 secondary reference fuels (SRF), nvolumetricallyproportioned blends of two selected, numbered, and paired3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting R
35、esearch Report RR:D02-1092. ContactASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.org.4Bylaws governing ASTM Subcommittee D02.01 on Combustion Characteris-tics are available from the subcommittee or from ASTM International.D613 17a12hydrocarbon mixtures designated T Fuel (high cetane) and UFuel (low cetane) th
36、at have been rated by the ASTM DieselNational Exchange Group using primary reference fuels todetermine a cetane number accepted reference value for eachindividually and for various combinations of the two.3.3 Abbreviations:3.3.1 ABDCafter bottom dead center3.3.2 AMNalpha-methylnaphthalene3.3.3 ARVac
37、cepted reference value3.3.4 ATDCafter top dead center3.3.5 BBDCbefore bottom dead center3.3.6 BTDCbefore top dead center3.3.7 CNcetane number3.3.8 CRcompression ratio3.3.9 HMNheptamethyl nonane3.3.10 HRFhigh reference fuel3.3.11 HWhand wheel3.3.12 IATintake air temperature3.3.13 LRFlow reference fue
38、l3.3.14 NEGNational Exchange Group3.3.15 PRFprimary reference fuels3.3.16 SRFsecondary reference fuels3.3.17 TDCtop dead center3.3.18 UVultraviolet4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The cetane number of a diesel fuel oil is determined bycomparing its combustion characteristics in a test engine withthose f
39、or blends of reference fuels of known cetane numberunder standard operating conditions. This is accomplishedusing the bracketing handwheel procedure which varies thecompression ratio (handwheel reading) for the sample and eachof two bracketing reference fuels to obtain a specific ignitiondelay permi
40、tting interpolation of cetane number in terms ofhandwheel reading.5. Significance and Use5.1 The cetane number provides a measure of the ignitioncharacteristics of diesel fuel oil in compression ignition en-gines.5.2 This test method is used by engine manufacturers,petroleum refiners and marketers,
41、and in commerce as aprimary specification measurement related to matching of fuelsand engines.5.3 Cetane number is determined at constant speed in aprecombustion chamber type compression ignition test engine.The relationship of test engine performance to full scale,variable speed, variable load engi
42、nes is not completely under-stood.5.4 This test method may be used for unconventional fuelssuch as synthetics, vegetable oils, and the like. However, therelationship to the performance of such materials in full scaleengines is not completely understood.6. Interferences6.1 (WarningAvoid exposure of s
43、ample fuels and refer-ence fuels to sunlight or fluorescent lamp UV emissions tominimize induced chemical reactions that can affect cetanenumber ratings.)56.1.1 Exposure of these fuels to UV wavelengths shorterthan 550 nm for a short period of time may significantly affectcetane number ratings.6.2 C
44、ertain gases and fumes present in the area where thecetane test engine is located may have a measurable effect onthe cetane number test result.6.3 This test method is not suitable for rating diesel fuel oilswith fluid properties that interfere with unimpeded gravity flowof fuel to the fuel pump or d
45、elivery through the injector nozzle.7. Apparatus7.1 Engine Equipment6,7This test method uses a singlecylinder engine which consists of a standard crankcase withfuel pump assembly, a cylinder with separate head assembly ofthe precombustion type, thermal syphon recirculating jacketcoolant system, mult
46、iple fuel tank system with selectorvalving, injector assembly with specific injector nozzle, elec-trical controls, and a suitable exhaust pipe. The engine is beltconnected to a special electric power-absorption motor whichacts as a motor driver to start the engine and as a means toabsorb power at co
47、nstant speed when combustion is occurring(engine firing). See Fig. 1 and Table 1.7.2 Instrumentation6,7This test method uses electronicapparatus to measure injection and ignition delay timing aswell as conventional thermometry, gages and general purposemeters.7.2.1 Cetane MeterUse of an approved cet
48、ane meter ismandatory; only the XCP Cetane Panel or the Dual DigitalCetane Meter or the Mark II Ignition Delay Meter shall be usedfor this test method.7.3 Reference Fuel Dispensing EquipmentThis testmethod requires repeated blending of two secondary referencefuel materials in volumetric proportions
49、on an as-needed basis.Measurement shall be performed accurately because ratingerror is proportional to blending error.7.3.1 Volumetric Blending of Reference FuelsVolumetricblending has historically been employed to prepare the re-quired blends of reference fuels. For volumetric blending, a setof two burets or accurate volumetric ware shall be used and thedesired batch quantity shall be collected in an appropriatecontainer and thoroughly mixed before being introduced to theengine fuel system.5Supporting data have been filed at AST
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