ASTM D629-2008 Standard Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles《纺织品定量分析的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: D 629 08Standard Test Methods forQuantitative Analysis of Textiles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 629; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in paren

2、theses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONMethods D 629-59 T, Quantitative Analysis of Textiles, were discontin

3、ued in 1969 because theresponsible subcommittee failed to recommend their adoption as a standard after several years ofpublication as a tentative. The subcommittee action was based on the members knowledge that thestandard did not include several fiber types introduced to the textile trade after the

4、 method waspublished, and that the techniques required for their identification were lacking in the text, allowingit to become out of date. The procedures included in the text, however, are believed to be reliable forthe fiber types named and the techniques described are currently being used in the

5、trade and arereferenced by other standards sponsored by Committee D-13 on Textiles. Reinstatement as a standardusing the previously assigned number was requested since the listed procedures were reliable and thetext considered to be the best available, though not all inclusive. Extensive editorial c

6、hanges weremade in various sections in 1972, and the methods were reinstated as D 629-72. Editorial changeshave again been made throughout the text, and statements on precision and bias and suitability foracceptance testing have been added.The text of Methods D 629-59 T was published by the American

7、 Association of Textile Chemistsand Colorists in that societys Technical Manual as “Test Method 20A-1959” issued in the years 1959through 1974. The AATCC Method was revised completely in 1975 and since published as “TestMethod 20A-1975.”1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the determi

8、na-tion of the fiber blend composition of mixtures of the fiberslisted in 1.2. Procedures for quantitative estimation of theamount of moisture and certain nonfibrous materials in textilesare also described, for use in the analysis of mixtures, but theseare not the primary methods for the determinati

9、on of moisturecontent for commercial weights.1.2 These test methods cover procedures for the followingfiber types:1.2.1 Natural Fibers:1.2.1.1 Cellulose-Base Fibers:CottonHempFlaxRamie1.2.1.2 Protein-Base Fibers:Animal hairs (other than wool)Silk, cultivatedSilk, TussahWool1.2.2 Man-Made Fibers:1.2.

10、2.1 Cellulose-Base Fibers:Acetate (secondary)Rayon, viscose or cuprammoniumTriacetate1.2.2.2 Synthetic-Base Fibers:AcrylicAramidModacrylicNylon 6, Nylon 6-6, othersOlefinPolyesterSpandex1.3 These test methods include the following sections andtables:SectionReferenced Documents 21These test methods a

11、re under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 onTextiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.51 on Conditioningand, Chemical and Thermal Properties.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originallyapproved in 1941. Discontinued in 2008 and reinstated as D

12、629 08. Last previousedition approved in 1999 as D 62999.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.SectionTerminology 3Summary of Methods 4Uses and Significance 5Sampling 7Purity of Reagents 6Moisture Content or Moisture Regain

13、 9Nonfibrous Materials 8Mechanical Separation or Dissection 10Chemical Test Methods:Summary of Methods 11Specimens and Symbols 12No. 1 Acetate Mixed With Other Fibers 13No. 2 Modacrylic Mixed With Cellulosic Fiber or Wool 14No. 3 Nylon 6 or Nylon 6-6 Mixed With Natural Fibers orRayon 15No. 4 Rayon M

14、ixed With Cotton 16No. 5 Wool or Polyester Mixed With Cellulosic Fibers or Silk 17No. 6 Polyester or Acrylic Mixed With Wool 18No. 7 Natural Cellulosic Material and Rayon Mixed WithAcrylic, Modacrylic, and Polyester 19No. 8 Polyester Mixed With Olefin 20No. 9 Polyester Mixed With Acetate or Nylon 6,

15、6-6 21No. 10 Acrylic Fiber or Linear Spandex Mixed With Nylon orPolyester 22Microspical AnalysisScope 23Summary of Method 24Sampling 26Apparatus 25Procedure 27Indexing Term 28TableChemical Methods for Analysis of Fiber Mixtures 1Solubilities of Various Fibers in Solvents Used in ChemicalMethods 2Com

16、parative Scale for Fineness of Various Textile Fibers 3Fineness Ranges and Fiber Diameters of Various Textile Fibers 4Specific Gravity of Various Textile Fibers 51.4 The analytical procedures described in the test methodsare applicable to the fibers listed in 1.2. The test methods arenot satisfactor

17、y for the separation of mixtures containing fibersthat fall within the same generic class but differ somewhat,either physically or chemically, from each other. These testmethods are not satisfactory for the determination of bicom-ponent fibers.NOTE 1For other methods of analysis covering specific de

18、termina-tions, refer to: Test Methods D 461, Test Method D 584, Methods D 885,Test Method D 1113, Test Method D 1334, and Test Method D 2130.Methods for moisture are covered in Methods D 885, Test MethodD 1576, Test Method D 2462, Test Method D 2495 and Test MethodsD 2654. For the determination of c

19、ommercial weight, refer to Test MethodD 2494.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regula

20、tory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 276 Test Methods for Identification of Fibers in TextilesD 461 Test Methods for Felt3D 584 Test Method for Wool Content of Raw WoolLaboratory ScaleD 885 Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire

21、Cord Fabrics, andIndustrial Filament Yarns Made from ManufacturedOrganic-Base FibersD 1113 Test Method for Vegetable Matter and OtherAlkali-Insoluble Impurities in Scoured WoolD 1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD 1334 Test Method for Wool Content of Raw WoolCommercial ScaleD 1576 Test Method for

22、Moisture in Wool by Oven-DryingD 1909 Standard Table of Commercial Moisture Regainsfor Textile FibersD 2130 Test Method for Diameter of Wool and OtherAnimal Fibers by MicroprojectionD 2462 Test Method for Moisture in Wool by DistillationWith TolueneD 2494 Test Method for Commercial Mass of a Shipmen

23、t ofYarn or Manufactured Staple Fiber or TowD 2495 Test Method for Moisture in Cotton by Oven-DryingD 2654 Test Methods for Moisture in Textiles2.2 AATCC Method:20 A Test Method for Fiber Analysis: Quantitative43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 textile, noriginally a woven fabric, now generallyapp

24、lied to: (1) staple fibers and filaments suitable for conver-sion to or use as yarns, or for the preparation of nonwovenfabrics, (2) yarns made from natural or man-made fibers,(3) fabrics and other manufactured products made from fibersas defined above and from yarns, and ( 4) garments and otherarti

25、cles fabricated wholly from one or more of the aboveelements, and articles made principally from the above whenthe products retain the characteristic flexibility and drape of theoriginal fabrics.3.1.1.1 DiscussionTypical examples (but not a completelisting) of materials included in the above definit

26、ions are: (1)Natural fibers such as cotton, wool, sisal, and asbestos, also silkfilaments, after these materials have been subjected to their firstpreparatory process, and man-made fibers such as rayon,nylon, glass, and metals in the form of spinnable fibers,2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the

27、 ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4AATCC

28、Technical Manual, available from the American Association of TextileChemists and Colorists, P.O. Box 12215, Triangle Park, NC 27709.D629082monofilaments, multifilament yarns, or tows; (2) Yarn interme-diates such as sliver, roving, and top; yarn in single or plied,spun or filamentous form; threads,

29、cords, and ropes but notmetallic cables; yarn substitutes including twisted paper or foil,slit foil, or slit laminated sheets, metallic or plastic monofila-ments; (3) Products made from materials included in (1)or(2),or both, by interlacing in any manner including weaving,knitting, tufting and braid

30、ing, bonding, knotting, or felting andincluding such products as cloths, woven goods, knitted goods,lace, embroidery, nets, webbing, batts, and nonwoven fabrics.Reinforced plastics and papers are not included; (4) Wearingapparel, household, and industrial articles fabricated princi-pally from one or

31、 more of the materials listed in (1), (2), and(3).3.1.2 bicomponent fiber, na fiber consisting of two poly-mers which are chemically different, physically different, orboth.3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in these testmethods, refer to Terminology D 123.4. Summary of Test Methods4.1

32、Summaries of the specific methods used for differenttests are given in the appropriate sections.4.2 The methods for fiber analysis are grouped under threeheadings, as follows: Mechanical Separation or Dissection,Chemical Test Methods, and Microscopical Analysis.NOTE 2It is assumed that the analyst k

33、nows from qualitative tests (asdirected in Test Methods D 276) what fibers are present and, therefore,which method of analysis is applicable. The choice of method will dependupon the nature of the material to be analyzed and, in some cases, on theaccuracy required.5. Significance and Use5.1 Test Met

34、hods D 629 for the determination of quantita-tive analysis of textiles may be used for acceptance testing ofcommercial shipments but caution is advised since informationon between-laboratory precision is lacking. Comparative testsas directed in 5.1.1 or by Table D 1909 may be advisable.5.1.1 In case

35、 of a dispute arising from differences inreported test results using Test Methods D 629 for acceptancetesting of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-plier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there isa statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statis-tical assist

36、ance is recommended for the investigation of bias.As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of testspecimens which are as homogeneous as possible and whichare from a lot of material of the type in question. The testspecimen should then be randomly assigned in equal numbersto each laboratory

37、for testing. The average results from the twolaboratories should be compared using Students t-test and anacceptable probability level chosen by the two parties beforethe testing began. If a bias is found, either its cause must befound and corrected or the purchaser and supplier must agreeto interpre

38、t future test results in the light of the known bias.5.2 The effects of the various reagents used in the chemicalmethods on the residual fibers in a blend depend upon thehistory of the fibers and, unless otherwise stated, are generallytoo small or too uncertain to warrant the application ofcorrectio

39、n factors.5.3 Fiber composition is generally expressed either on theoven-dry mass of the original sample or the oven-dry mass ofthe clean fiber after the removal of nonfibrous materials. Ifnonfibrous materials are not first removed from the textilebefore the fiber analysis is carried out, or if the

40、treatmentsdescribed in Section 8 are incapable of removing them, anysuch materials present will increase the percentage of the fiberconstituent with which they are removed during the analysis,assuming they are soluble in the solvent used.5.4 The analytical methods are intended primarily for thesepar

41、ation of binary mixtures of fibers. These procedures mayalso be used for the analysis of mixtures containing more thantwo types of fibers by selecting the best combination ofmethods to use (Table 1). Since a sequence of solvents on agiven fiber may produce different results than the expectedresults

42、from a single solvent, it is advisable to determine theresults of such sequential effects when testing multiple fiberblends. It is sometimes more convenient to separate mechani-cally the yarns in a textile which are of similar types, and thenuse the appropriate chemical method to analyze each of the

43、components. Table 2 shows the solubilities of the various fibersin different chemical reagents.6. Purity of Reagents6.1 Use reagent-grade chemicals in all tests. Unless other-wise indicated, it is intended that all reagents shall conform tothe specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents o

44、fthe American Chemical Society, where such specifications areavailable.5Other grades may be used, provided it is firstascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high purity topermit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determi-nation.6.2 Unless otherwise indicated, references to water

45、shall beunderstood to mean water conforming to Type I grade ofSpecification D 1193.7. SamplingNOTE 3It is not possible to provide specific instructions for all typesof textile materials to which these analytical methods may be applicable,but a few general recommendations shall be followed.7.1 Sampli

46、ng for Acceptance Testing:7.1.1 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing,take at random the number of shipping containers directed inan applicable material specification or other agreement be-tween the purchaser and the supplier. Consider shippingcontainers to be the primary sampling units.N

47、OTE 4An adequate specification or other agreement between thepurchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variabilitybetween and within shipping containers so as to provide a sampling planwith a meaningful producers risk, consumers risk, acceptable qualitylevel, and limiting quality l

48、evel.5Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications , AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Phar

49、macopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmaceutical Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.D6290837.1.2 Laboratory SampleAs a laboratory sample for ac-ceptance testing, proceed as follows:7.1.2.1 Fiber in BulkTake one composite sample fromeach bale or other shipping container in the lot sample witheach such composite sample being taken from at least fiveplaces in the shipping container.7.1.2.2 Textile StrandsTake one package at random fromeach shipping container in the lot sample.7.1.2.3 FabricTake a full width swatch 1 m long or aswatch long enough to contain one