1、Designation: D 635 06Standard Test Method forRate of Burning and/or Extent and Time of Burning ofPlastics in a Horizontal Position1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 635; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of rev
2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This fire-test-response test method covers a small-scalelaboratory screening procedure for compar
3、ing the relativelinear rate of burning or extent and time of burning, or both, ofplastics in the form of bars, molded or cut from sheets, plates,or panels, and tested in the horizontal position.NOTE 1This test method, and test method A of IEC 60695-11-10 aretechnically equivalent.NOTE 2For additiona
4、l information on materials which do not burn tothe first reference mark by this test, see Test Method D 3801.1.2 This test method was developed for polymeric materialsused for parts in devices and appliances. The results areintended to serve as a preliminary indication of their accept-ability with r
5、espect to flammability for a particular application.The final acceptance of the material is dependent upon its usein complete equipment that conforms with the standard appli-cable to such equipment.1.3 The classification system described in Appendix X1 isintended for quality assurance and the presel
6、ection of compo-nent materials for products.1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factors required for fire hazards or fire riskassessment of materials, p
7、roducts, or assemblies under actualfire conditions.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of
8、regulatory limitations prior to use. For specifichazards statements, see 9.2.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of PlasticsUnder Flexural Load in the Edgewise PositionD 883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 1929 Test Method for Determining Ignitio
9、n Temperatureof PlasticsD 2843 Test Method for Density of Smoke from the Burn-ing or Decomposition of PlasticsD 3801 Test Method for Measuring the Comparative Burn-ing Characteristics of Solid Plastics in a Vertical PositionD 5025 Specification for Laboratory Burner Used forSmall-Scale Burning Tests
10、 on Plastic MaterialsD 5207 Practice for Confirmation of 20mm (50W) and125mm (500W) Test Flames for Small-Scale BurningTests on Plastic MaterialsE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE 176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory
11、 Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 IEC Standards:IEC 60695-11-10 Fire Hazard Testing - Part 11-10 TestFlames - 50W Horizontal and Vertical Flame Test Meth-ods33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Definitions used in this test method are in accordancewith Terminology D 883, unless ot
12、herwise specified. For terms1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties(Section D20.30.03).Current edition approved May 1, 2006. Published June 2006. Originallyapproved in 1941. Last previou
13、s edition approved in 2003 as D 635 - 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Publications of the
14、 International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) andInternational Organization for Standardization (ISO) are available from AmericanNational Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY10036.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM Inte
15、rnational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.relating to fire, the definitions used in this test method are inaccordance with Terminology E 176.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A bar specimen of the material to be tested is supportedhorizontally at one e
16、nd. The free end is exposed to a specifiedgas flame for 30 s. Time and extent of burning are measuredand reported if the specimen does not burn 100 mm. Anaverage burning rate is reported for a material if it burns to the100 mm mark from the ignited end.5. Significance and Use5.1 Tests made on a mate
17、rial under conditions hereinprescribed are of value in comparing the rate of burning orextent and time of burning characteristics, or both, of differentmaterials, in controlling manufacturing processes, or as ameasure of deterioration or change in these burning character-istics prior to or during us
18、e. Correlation with flammabilityunder actual use conditions is not implied.5.2 The rate of burning and other burning phenomena willbe affected by such factors as density, pigments, any anisotropyof the material and the thickness of the specimen. Test datashall be compared only for specimens of simil
19、ar thickness,whether comparisons are being made with the same or differentmaterials. The rate of burning and other burning phenomenawill vary with thickness.5.3 It is feasible that sheet materials that have been stretchedduring processing will relax during burning and give erraticresults unless they
20、 are first heated above their deflectiontemperature, in accordance with Test Method D 648, for a timesufficient to permit complete relaxation.5.4 Burning tests require that certain variables be arbitrarilyfixed, for example, specimen size, energy source and applica-tion time, and end points. Materia
21、ls will be found that areunusually sensitive to one or more of the conditions chosen forthis method leading to highly variable results. Additionalburning characterization by other methods is highly desirablein such cases (see Note 2).5.5 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to specificlabo
22、ratory test conditions. If different test conditions aresubstituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it will notalways be possible by or from this test to predict changes in thefire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the re-sults are valid only for the fire-test-exposure condit
23、ions de-scribed in this procedure.6. Apparatus6.1 Test Chamber, enclosed laboratory hood, or chamberfree of induced or forced draft during test, having an insidevolume of at least 0.5 m3. An enclosed laboratory hood with aheat-resistant glass window for observing the test and anexhaust fan for remov
24、ing the products of combustion after thetests is recommended. The atmosphere in and around the testchamber shall be maintained between 15 to 35C and 45 to75 % relative humidity.NOTE 3The amount of oxygen available to support combustion isnaturally important for the conduct of these fire-test-respons
25、e tests. Fortests conducted by this test method when burning times are protracted,chamber sizes less than 1 m3may not provide accurate results.NOTE 4Some laboratory hoods have induced drafts even with theexhaust fan off. A positive-closing damper is recommended.NOTE 5A mirror in the chamber, to prov
26、ide a rear view of thespecimen, has been found useful in some enclosures.6.2 Test Fixture, A laboratory ring stand or test fixtureequipped with a means of holding a 125 mm2wire gauzehorizontal and a small clamp permitting the specimen to beheld with its longitudinal axis horizontal and its transvers
27、e axisinclined at 45 6 2 angle as illustrated in Fig. 1.NOTE 6A pan of water may be placed on the floor of the hood inposition to catch any burning particles that may drop during the test.6.3 Laboratory Burner, constructed in accordance withSpecification D 5025.6.4 Gas Supply, a supply of technical-
28、grade methane gaswith suitable regulator and meter for uniform gas flow. Naturalgas mixtures having an energy density of approximately 37MJ/m3have been found to provide similar results. However,technical-grade methane gas shall be used as the referee incases of dispute.6.5 Wire Gauze, 20-mesh (appro
29、ximately 20 openings per25 mm), made with 0.43 6 0.03 mm diameter iron wire cut toapproximately 125 mm2, to sustain burning or glowing par-ticles falling from the specimens.6.6 Timing Device, accurate to 0.5 s.6.7 Scale, graduated in millimetres.6.8 Micrometer, accurate to 0.05 mm.6.9 Conditioning R
30、oom or Chamber, capable of beingmaintained at 23 6 2C and 50 6 5 % relative humidity.6.10 Flexible Specimen Support Fixture, used to facilitatethe testing of specimens that sag and touch the wire gauze. (See9.4 and Fig. 2.)7. Test Specimens7.1 All test specimens shall be cut from a representativesam
31、ple of the material (sheet or end products), or shall be castor injection-, compression-, transfer- or pultrusion-molded tothe necessary form. After any cutting operation, care shall betaken to remove all dust and any particles from the surface; cutedges shall be fine sanded to have a smooth finish.
32、 Unlessotherwise agreed, fabrication of test specimens shall be inaccordance with the specifications of the material being tested.7.2 Specimens shall be 125 6 5 mm long by 13.0 6 0.5 mmwide, and provided in the minimum thickness and in the 3.0(0.0 +0.2) mm thickness. The 3.0 mm thick specimens are n
33、otnecessary if the minimum thickness is greater than 3.0 mm, orthe maximum thickness is less than 3.0 mm. The maximumthickness shall not exceed 13 mm. The maximum width shallnot exceed 13.5 mm. The edges shall be smooth, and the radiuson the corners shall not exceed 1.3 mm.7.3 It is possible that th
34、e results of tests carried out on testspecimens of different colors, thicknesses, densities, molecularmasses, directions of anisotropy and types, or with differentadditives, fillers/reinforcements will be different.7.3.1 Test specimens in the minimum and maximum densi-ties, melt flows and level of f
35、illers/reinforcements contentsshall be considered representative of the range, if the resultsD635062yield the same flame test classification. If the burning charac-teristics are not essentially the same for all specimens repre-senting the range, the evaluation is to be limited only to thematerials i
36、n the densities, melt flows, and fillers/reinforcementscontents tested. Additional specimens in the intermediatedensities, melt flows, and fillers/reinforcements contents are tobe tested.7.3.2 Uncolored test specimens and test specimens with thehighest level of organic and inorganic pigment loading
37、byweight are considered representative of the color range, if thetest results are essentially the same. When certain pigments areknown to affect flammability characteristics, they are also to betested. Specimens to be tested are those that:(a) contain no coloring(b) contain the highest level of orga
38、nic pigments(c) contain the highest level of inorganic pigments(d) contain pigments which are known to adversely affectflammability characteristics8. Conditioning8.1 Condition ten bar specimens for each material andthickness to be tested in accordance with Test Method D 618 atFIG. 1 Test FixtureFIG.
39、 2 Flexible Specimen Support FixtureD63506323 6 2C and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for a minimum of 48h. Once removed from the conditioning atmosphere test thespecimens within 1 h.8.2 Conduct testing in a laboratory atmosphere of 15 to35C and 45 to 75 % relative humidity.9. Procedure9.1 Prepare at le
40、ast ten bar specimens. After measuring andrecording the specimen thickness, mark each specimen withtwo lines perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bar,25 6 1 and 100 6 1 mm from the end that is to be ignited.9.2 Conduct the burning test in a chamber, enclosure, orlaboratory hood free of indu
41、ced or forced draft. (WarningProducts of combustion may be toxic. An enclosed laboratoryhood and an exhaust fan for removing the products ofcombustion after the tests are recommended.The exhaust fan isturned off during the test and turned on immediately followingthe test in order to remove products
42、of combustion.)9.3 Clamp the specimen at the end farthest from the 25 mmreference mark, in a support with its longitudinal axis horizon-tal and its transverse axis inclined at 45 6 2 as illustrated inFig. 1. Clamp the wire gauze horizontally beneath the speci-men, with a distance of 10 6 1 mm betwee
43、n the lowest edge ofthe specimen and the wire gauze, and with the free end of thespecimen even with the edge of the gauze. Any materialremaining on the wire gauze from the previous test must beburned off or a new section of wire gauze used for each test.9.4 If the specimen sags at its free end durin
44、g the initial setup and is not able to maintain the distance of 10 6 1mmasspecified in 9.2, the flexible specimen support fixture illustratedin Fig. 2 shall be used. Position the support fixture under thespecimen with the small extending portion of the supportfixture at least 20 mm from the free end
45、 of the specimen.Provide enough clearance at the clamped end of the specimenso that the support fixture can be moved freely sidewards. Asthe flame front progresses along the specimen, withdraw thesupport fixture at the same approximate rate, preventing theflame front from contacting the flexible spe
46、cimen supportfixture, so that there is no effect on the test flame or on theburning of the specimen.9.5 With the central axis of the burner tube in the verticalposition, place the burner remote from the specimen, ignite,and adjust it to produce a blue flame 20 mm high. Adjust thegas supply and the a
47、ir ports of the burner until a 20-mmyellow-tipped blue flame is produced, and then increase the airsupply until the yellow tip just disappears. Measure the heightof the flame. If the flame height is not 20 6 2 mm, adjust theburner gas supply to give the proper flame height. Once theflame has been pr
48、operly set to a height of 20 6 2 mm wait forat least 5 min to allow the burner conditions to reachequilibrium.NOTE 7See Practice D 5207 for recommended back pressure and flowrate for the gas supply and calibration procedure for the 20 mm flame.9.6 Place the burner so that the test flame impinges on
49、thefree end of the test specimen to a depth of approximately 6 mmstarting the timing device simultaneously. The central axis ofthe burner tube is to be in the same vertical plane as thelongitudinal bottom edge of the specimen and inclined towardthe end of the specimen at an angle of approximately 45 6 2degrees to the horizontal. See Fig. 1. Apply the flame for30 6 1 s without changing its position. If the test specimenshrinks from the applied flame without ignition, the material isnot suitable for evaluation by these test methods. Excessivedistortion of the specimen
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