1、Designation: D665 141Designation: 135/06Standard Test Method forRust-Preventing Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oil inthe Presence of Water1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D665; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in th
2、e case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1NOTESubsect
3、ion 7.3 was corrected editorially in February 2015.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the ability ofinhibited mineral oils, particularly steam-turbine oils, to aid inpreventing the rusting of ferrous parts should water becomemixed with the oil. This test method is also used for t
4、estingother oils, such as hydraulic oils and circulating oils. Provisionis made in the procedure for testing heavier-than-water fluids.NOTE 1For synthetic fluids, such as phosphate ester types, the plasticholder and beaker cover should be made of chemically resistant materialsuitable for the type of
5、 fluid tested.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to
6、establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificwarning statements, see 7.4 7.6.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A108 Specification for Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-FinishedA240/A240M Specification
7、 for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for PressureVessels and for General ApplicationsD91 Test Method for Precipitation Number of LubricatingOilsD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Vis-cosity SystemD3603 Test
8、 Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics ofSteam Turbine Oil in the Presence of Water (HorizontalDisk Method)D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers2.2 Other Documents:Motor Fuels, Section I, Annex A2, Table 32, R
9、eferenceMaterials and Blending Accessories3Specifications-IP Standard Thermometers, Vol 2, AppendixA4Specifications for IP Standard Reference Liquids, AppendixB4SAE Standard J405 Chemical Composition of SAE WroughtStainless Steels5BS 871 Specification for abrasive papers and cloths4BS 970 Part 1: Ca
10、rbon and Carbon Manganese SteelsIncluding Free Cutting Steels43. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 rust, na special case of corrosion that can be visuallyobserved on the surface of round steel test rods as reddish-brown discoloration or small black spots.1This test
11、method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.C0.02 on Corrosion and Water/Air Separability.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published November 2014. Originallyapproved in 1942. Last
12、 previous edition approved in 2012 as D665 12. DOI:10.1520/D0665-14E01.This standard has been developed through the cooperative effort between ASTMInternational and the Energy Institute, London. The EI and ASTM Internationallogos imply that the ASTM International and EI standards are technicallyequi
13、valent, but does not imply that both standards are editorially identical.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe A
14、STM website.3See 1996 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.04.4Annual Book of IP Standard Methods for Analysis and Testing of Petroleum andRelated Products, Vol 2. Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St.,London, WIG 7AR, U.K.51995 SAE Handbook, Vol 1. Available from Society of Automot
15、ive Engineers(SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Summary of Test Method4.1 A mixture of 300 mL of t
16、he oil under test is stirred with30 mL of distilled water or synthetic sea water, as required, ata temperature of 60 C 6 1 C with a cylindrical steel test rodcompletely immersed therein. It is recommended to run the testfor 4 h; however, the test period may, at the discretion of thecontracting parti
17、es, be for a shorter or longer period. The testrod is observed for signs of rusting and, if desired, degree ofrusting.NOTE 2Until 1999 it was customary to run the test for 24 h. A roundrobin with comparisons of different test times showed that no statisticallysignificant differences in rating were f
18、ound for any sample, between the4 h and 24 h results.65. Significance and Use5.1 In many instances, such as in the gears of a steamturbine, water can become mixed with the lubricant, andrusting of ferrous parts can occur. This test indicates how wellinhibited mineral oils aid in preventing this type
19、 of rusting.This test method is also used for testing hydraulic andcirculating oils, including heavier-than-water fluids. It is usedfor specification of new oils and monitoring of in-service oils.NOTE 3This test method was used as a basis for Test Method D3603.Test Method D3603 is used to test the o
20、il on separate horizontal andvertical test rod surfaces, and can provide a more discriminating evalua-tion.6. Apparatus6.1 Oil BathA thermostatically controlled liquid bathcapable of maintaining the test sample at a temperature of60 C 6 1 C (see Note 4). An oil having a viscosity ofapproximately ISO
21、 VG 32 (see Classification D2422)issuitable for the bath. The bath shall have a cover with holes toaccommodate the test beakers.NOTE 4ASTM Thermometer 9C, as prescribed in Specification E1,orIP Thermometer 21C in accordance with IP Standard Thermometers,Volume 2, Appendix A, is suitable to indicate
22、the temperature.Alternatively, calibrated thermocouples may be used.6.2 BeakerA Berzelius-type, tall-form heat-resistant glassbeaker without pour-out, as shown in Fig. 1, approximately127 mm in height measured from the inside bottom center andapproximately 70 mm inside diameter measured at the middl
23、e.6.3 Beaker CoverA flat beaker cover of glass or poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) (Note 5), kept in position bysuitable means such as a rim or groove. Two holes shall beprovided on any diameter of the cover; one for a stirrer 12 mmin diameter with its center 6.4 mm from the center of the cover;and
24、the other, on the opposite side of the center of the cover, forthe test rod assembly (see Section 9), 18 mm in diameter withits center 16 mm from the center of the cover. In addition, athird hole 12 mm in diameter shall be provided for a tempera-ture measuring device, with its center 22.5 mm from th
25、e centerof the cover and on a diameter of the cover at right angles tothe diameter through the other two holes.NOTE 5An inverted petri dish makes a suitable cover, as the sides ofthe dish aid in keeping it in position. Fig. 2 shows a PMMA resin coverfor the beaker which has been found to be suitable
26、. An optional feature isshown, consisting of a slot, 1.6 mm by 27 mm, which is centered on adiameter of the stirrer hole at right angles to the cover diameter throughthe test rod hole and stirrer hole. This feature allows withdrawal of thestirrer while the beaker cover is in place. When the test met
27、hod test is usedfor other fluids such as synthetics, the beaker cover should be made fromchemically resistant material such as polymonochlorotrifluoroethylene(PCTFE).6.4 The plastic holder shall be made of PMMA resin inaccordance with the dimensions shown in Fig. 3 (two types ofholders are illustrat
28、ed). When testing synthetic fluids, theplastic holder should be made from chemically resistantmaterial such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).6.5 StirrerA stirrer constructed entirely from stainlesssteel (Note 6 and Note 7) in the form of an inverted T. A flatblade (25 by 6) mm by 0.6 mm shall be at
29、tached to a rod witha diameter of 6 mm in such a way that the blade is symmetricalwith the rod and has its flat surface in the vertical plane.NOTE 6A suitable material is an 18 % chromium, 8 % nickel alloysteel conforming to Type 304, of Specification A240/A240M, or SAE No.30304 (see SAE J405), or B
30、S 970: Part 1: 1983: 302S31.NOTE 7If stainless steel is not obtainable, stirrers made of heat-resistant glass and having approximately the same dimensions as thestainless steel stirrers specified can be used.6.6 Stirring ApparatusAny convenient form of stirringapparatus capable of maintaining a spee
31、d of 1000 r/min 650 r min.6.7 Grinding and Polishing EquipmentA CAMI 150 grit(99 m) and a CAMI 240 grit (53.5 m) in accordance with BS871 or its equivalent, metalworking aluminum oxide abrasivecloth coat on a jeans backing (the corresponding Europeangrades (FEPA) are P150J and P280J, respectively),
32、a suitablechuck (see Fig. 4) for holding the test rod, and a means ofrotating the test rod at a speed of 1700 r/min to 1800 r/min.NOTE 8CAMI (Coated Abrasives Manufacturers Institute) is a UnitedStates organization and FEPA (Federation of European Producers ofAbrasives) is a European organization.6.
33、8 Oven, capable of maintaining a temperature of 65 C.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended thatall reagents conform to the specifications of the Committee onAnalytical Reagents of the American Chem
34、ical Society wheresuch specifications are available.7Other grades may be used,provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficientlyhigh purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy ofthe determination.7.2 Purity of Water Unless otherwise indicated, referencesto water shall
35、be understood to mean reagent water as definedby Type II of Specification D1193.6Supporting data (results of the cooperative test program with modified testduration) have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtainedby requesting Research Report RR:D02-1474.7Reagent Chemicals, Am
36、erican Chemical Society Specifications , AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formul
37、ary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.D665 1412FIG. 1 Rusting Test ApparatusD665 1413FIG. 2 Beaker CoverD665 1414FIG. 3 Test Rod and HoldersD665 1415FIG. 4 Chuck for Polishing Test RodsD665 14167.3 The synthetic sea water shall have the following com-position:SaltNaCl 24.54 g
38、/LMgCl26H2O 11.10 g/LNa2SO44.09 g/LCaCl22H2O 1.54 g/LKCl 0.69 g/LNaHCO30.20 g/LKBr 0.10 g/LH3BO30.03 g/LSrCl26H2O 0.04 g/LNaF 0.003 g/L7.3.1 The solution can be conveniently prepared as follows.This procedure avoids any precipitation in concentrated solu-tions with subsequent uncertainty of complete
39、 resolution.Using certified pure (cp) chemicals and distilled water, preparethe following stock solutions:Stock Solution No. 1:MgCl26H2O 3885 gCaCl22H2O 538 gSrCl26H2O14Dissolve and dilute to 7 LStock Solution No. 2:KCl 483 gNaHCO3140 gKBr 70 gH3BO321 gNaF 2.1 gDissolve and dilute to 7 L7.3.2 To pre
40、pare the synthetic sea water, dissolve 245.4 g ofNaCl and 40.94 g of Na2SO4in a few litres of distilled water,add 200 mL of Stock Solution No. 1 and 100 mL of StockSolution No. 2 and dilute to 10 L, stir and add 0.1 N Na2CO3solution until the pH is between 7.8 and 8.2. One or twomillilitres of the c
41、arbonate solution will be required.7.4 Precipitation Naphtha, as specified in Test Method D91.(WarningFlammable. Health hazard.)7.5 Isooctane, as specified in Motor Fuels, Section I, AnnexA2, Table 32, Reference Materials and Blending Accessories.(WarningFlammable. Health hazard.)7.6 IP 60/80 Petrol
42、eum Spirit, as specified by IP StandardReference Liquids, Appendix B. (WarningFlammable.Health hazard.)7.7 Steel Test Rod, as specified in Section 9.8. Sampling8.1 Sample for this test can come from tanks, drums, smallcontainers, or even operating equipment, and they should betruly representative of
43、 the entire quantity. Therefore, use theapplicable apparatus and techniques described in PracticeD4057, or other comparable standard practice.9. Test Rod and Its Preparation9.1 For each test oil, prepare two steel test rods. These mayeither be new or from a previous test (see Note 9) and shall bepre
44、pared in accordance with 9.2 and 9.3.9.2 The test rod assembly shall consist of a round steel testrod fitted to a plastic holder. The round steel test rod, whennew, shall be 12.7 mm in diameter and approximately 68 mmin length exclusive of the threaded portion which screws intothe plastic holder and
45、 shall be tapered at one end as shown inFig. 3. It shall be made of steel conforming to Grade 10180 ofSpecification A108 or to BS 970 Part I: 1983-070M20. If thesesteels are not available, other equivalent steels may be used,provided they are found to be satisfactory by comparative testusing this Te
46、st Method D665 IP 135.NOTE 9When making a check test, the steel test rod that showed rustshould not be reused. Test rods that repeatedly show rust in tests of variousoils can be imperfect. Such test rods should be used with oils known topass the test. If rusting occurs in repeat tests, these test ro
47、ds should bediscarded.9.3 Preliminary GrindingIf the test rod has been usedpreviously and is free of rust or other irregularities, thepreliminary grinding may be omitted, and it may be subjectedonly to final polishing as prescribed in 9.4. If the test rod is newor if any part of its surface shows ru
48、st or other irregularities,clean it with ASTM precipitation naphtha or isooctane or IP60/80 petroleum spirit and grind with medium 150 gritaluminum oxide cloth to remove all irregularities, pits, andscratches, as determined by visual inspection (Note 10).Perform the grindings by mounting the test ro
49、d in the chuck ofthe grinding and polishing apparatus, and turning it at a speedof 1700 r min to 1800 r/min while applying the 150 gritaluminum oxide cloth. Old 150 grit aluminum oxide cloth maybe used to remove rust or major irregularities, but complete thegrinding with new cloth. Proceed at once with the finalpolishing with 240 grit aluminum oxide cloth, or remove thetest rod from the chuck and store in isooctane until needed.Discard reused test rods when the diameter is reduced to 9.5mm.NOTE 10Do not touch the test rods wi
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