1、Designation: D711 10Standard Test Method forNo-Pick-Up Time of Traffic Paint1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D711; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthes
2、es indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure fordetermining the no-pick
3、-up time of a traffic paint. The methoduses a wheel consisting of a metal cylinder with rubberO-rings. The wheel is rolled down a ramp over a freshlyapplied traffic paint film repeatedly until there is no transfer ofpaint to the rubber rings. The elapsed time from paint filmapplication to point of n
4、o paint transfer is the no-pick-up time.Key variables to be controlled during testing are film thickness,temperature, humidity, and air flow.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport
5、 to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D823 P
6、ractices for Producing Films of Uniform Thicknessof Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test PanelsD1212 Test Methods for Measurement of Wet Film Thick-ness of Organic CoatingsD1414 Test Methods for Rubber O-RingsD2000 Classification System for Rubber Products in Auto-motive ApplicationsD4414 Pr
7、actice for Measurement of Wet Film Thickness byNotch GagesD5741 Practice for Characterizing Surface Wind Using aWind Vane and Rotating Anemometer3. Significance and Use3.1 This test method serves as a laboratory control test.Types of traffic paints that can be tested with this method arewaterborne,
8、solventborne, and some 100 % solids liquid trafficpaints. This test is most commonly used with fast-dry water-borne traffic paints. If wet film thickness, temperature, andhumidity are controlled within the tolerances specified herein,this method can be useful for relative testing of traffic paintsan
9、d potentially for qualification of traffic paints for fieldapplication in approved specifications. For improved repeat-ability and meaningful comparison of paint samples beingtested, consistent air flow over the paint films during testing isimportant. Although a no-air-flow (static) test environment
10、 isstandard, the buyer and seller should agree upon the air flowconditions, whether it be static or carefully regulated air flow(see 4.6.1 and 4.6.2). No-pick-up times for fast-dry waterbornetraffic paints are typically less than 10 min in a static air flowcondition. Because of the many variables op
11、erative in the fieldapplication of traffic paint (for example, film thickness, airtemperature, humidity, wind speed, pavement type (asphalt orconcrete), film profile over pavement, pavement temperature,pavement porosity, pavement moisture content, and the pres-ence or absence of direct sunlight duri
12、ng striping), a directcorrelation between the results of this test and field applicationsis difficult to obtain. However, relative field performance canbe predicted using this method if the testing protocol is adheredto.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Re
13、lated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.44 on Traffic Coatings.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published January 2011. Originallyapproved in 1943. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D711 89 (2004).DOI: 10.1520/D0711-10.2For refere
14、nced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West
15、Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Apparatus4.1 The apparatus3as shown in Fig. 1 shall consist of a steelcylinder of the shape and dimensions as indicated, fitted withtwo replaceable O-rings and a ramp of shape and dimensions asshown.4.2 The detailed dimensional requirements of the steelc
16、ylinder are given in Fig. 1. The total weight of the assemblycomplete with O-rings shall be 5386 6 28 g (11 lb 14 oz 6 1oz).4.3 The detailed dimensional requirements of the ramp areshown in Fig. 1 and a picture of the apparatus with paint filmbeing tested is shown in Fig. 2.4.4 The replaceable O-rin
17、gs shall be made of syntheticrubber or rubber-like material meeting the requirements of HK715 of Classification D2000. Standards for O-rings and rubberproducts are also found in Test Methods D1414 and Classifi-cation D2000.4.5 The dimensional requirements of the O-ring are asfollows:Outside diameter
18、 104 mm (418 in.)Inside diameter 85 mm (338 in.)Cross section 9.5 mm (38 in.)4.6 This test method is typically conducted in a laboratoryor QC facility. In this method, values and tolerances arespecified for wet film thickness, temperature, and relativehumidity. Each of these factors can have a stron
19、g effect onno-pick-up time if not carefully controlled. Other things beingequal, no-pick-up times are reduced (faster) with a thinner film,higher temperature, or lower relative humidity. Althoughtolerances for air flow are not specified, air flow also has astrong effect on no-pick-up time (See Fig.
20、3) and is faster athigher flow rate. Even minor variations in air movement atdifferent locations within the same laboratory can affect no-pick-up time results. The conditions and associated apparatusfor controlling air flow are described in the following subsec-tions.4.6.1 To minimize the effects of
21、 air flow, a location fortesting in the laboratory should be selected that is free of draftswith no perceptible air movement.An air flow meter (anemom-eter) may be helpful in detecting drafts. The use of an3The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timethat meets the
22、requirements is available from Paul N. Gardner Co., Inc., 316 NE 1stSt., Pompano Beach, FL 33060. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, pleaseprovide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments willreceive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical co
23、mmittee,1which you may attend.FIG. 1 Traffic Paint Drying Time Wheel and RampDual ModelEach pass of wheel over the paint film should be at least 2.5 mm (1 in.) from each end of the paint film.FIG. 2 Picture of Apparatus and Traffic Paint Film Being TestedD711 102anemometer is detailed in Practice D5
24、741. If drafts aredetected, air flow can be minimized by using an enclosure(open front with solid top, back, and sides) around the testapparatus with approximate dimensions 61 cm wide by 46 cmdeep by 46 cm tall (24 by 18 by 18 in.). The enclosure can bemade of plastic or other suitable material. If
25、an air conditioningsystem is used to control room temperature and humidity, thesystem should be set to “On” rather than “Auto” to maintainconstant air movement during testing. Note that test chamberswith high air turnover may give much faster no-pick-up times.4.6.2 Upon mutual agreement by purchaser
26、 and seller,another option for regulating air flow during testing is toestablish controlled air flow over the applied paint film at somefixed wind speed. One possible apparatus to control wind speedis shown in Fig. 4. This setup includes a 51 cm (20 in.) box fan,a variable transformer (voltage regul
27、ator) for fan speed control,and a precision anemometer for measurement and adjustmentof the air flow. In a standard format, the glass plate for paintfilm drawdown is located 61 cm (24 in.) from the fanperpendicular to the air flow. A precision anemometer islocated on the opposite side of the glass p
28、late. The variabletransformer is adjusted to obtain the desired wind speed overthe glass plate. Once the correct wind speed is obtained, thepaint film is drawn down on the glass plate and no-pick-uptesting is conducted. If this approach is used, a wind speed of3.2 to 6.4 kph (2 to 4 mph) is recommen
29、ded where the slope ofdry time versus wind speed is lower and in the linear regionTesting was conducted on individual drawdowns of the paint at 16 mil wet film thickness, 23C, and 52 % relative humidity with wind speed varied over the paint films.Wind speed was controlled by box fan, variable transf
30、ormer to adjust fan speed, and precision air flow meter as shown in Fig. 4.FIG. 3 Effect of Wind Speed on No-Pick-Up Time for a Fast-dry Traffic PaintFIG. 4 Apparatus for Controlling Wind Speed Over a Traffic Paint Film During No-Pick-Up Time TestingD711 103(see Fig. 3). For most consistent results,
31、 the air flow should becontrolled to within 60.16 kph (60.1 mph).5. Procedure5.1 Prepare a test stripe at least 75 mm (3 in.) in width of thepaint to be tested by a mechanical spreader, or other suitablemeans on a clean plate glass panel at a wet film thickness of0.38 6 0.01 mm (15 6 0.5 mils). Use
32、a plate glass panelapproximately 100 by 200 by 3 mm (4 by 8 by18 in.).Procedures for producing uniform paint films are found inPractices D823: Practice C, Motor Driven Blade Film Appli-cators, and Practice E, Hand Held Blade Film Applicators. Beaware that the number (in mils, microns, or mm) printed
33、 onmany types of film applicator “draw-down” bars is the clear-ance (gap), and that the thickness of the paint applied usingthose applicators is often significantly less than the gap(typically 50 to 70 % of the clearance for waterborne trafficpaints). Some “Bird” applicators have markings that indic
34、atethe approximate wet film thickness expected, while some “birdtype” applicators have markings indicating the gap. Theapplied paint films should be checked for wet film thickness toensure that they are within 0.381 6 0.0127 mm (15 6 0.5mils). Procedures for measurement of wet film thickness arefoun
35、d in Test Methods D1212 and Practice D4414.Appropriatenotched or roller gauges may be used.5.1.1 Record the time of application. Allow the panel to dryin a horizontal position under the laboratory conditions speci-fied: 23 6 2C (73.5 6 3.5F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity.5.1.2 Test the paints witho
36、ut drop-on beads unless otherwisespecified or agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.5.2 Butt the glass plate against the ramp. Position the wheelso that the rubber ring rolls an area of the film at least 2.54 cm(1 in.) from the edge (either end) of the test stripe. At regularintervals rem
37、ove the wheel from its rest, hold against the restas a starting point, then free roll the weighted wheel down theinclined ramp and over the paint film with each roll of thewheel over a new wheel path. Position the wheel properly sothat a clean surface of the wheel will come into contact with thepain
38、t film. As many as three passes of the wheel can be madebefore the wheel needs to be cleaned. This can be done with arag saturated with acetone. It is best to set aside the wheel afterwashing until all the solvent has evaporated.5.3 Note the end point for no-pick-up time when no paintadheres to the
39、rubber rings of the test wheel when it is rolledover the paint film. As the end point is approached, roll theweighted wheel over the paint film every 30 s.5.4 Even when all four factors of wet film thickness,temperature, humidity, and air flow are controlled, their addi-tive effect within the specif
40、ied tolerances can still result insome no-pick-up time variability. A recommended approachfor resolving this issue is to establish a control paint that istested either just before or just after each new paint beingtested. The control paint should be mutually agreed upon bybuyer and seller and used f
41、or all testing conducted over aspecified period of time, for example, 6 months. Besides theabsolute no-pick-up time values reported for the test paint andcontrol paint, results for each new paint can be expressed as a“% of control” as is done in some other coatings test proce-dures. A % of control h
42、igher than 100 % would be a longerno-pick-up time while less than 100 % would be a shorterno-pick-up time.6. Report6.1 Report the time elapsed between application of the paintand the end point as the drying time for no-pick-up of the trafficpaint. If a control paint is used, additionally report then
43、o-pick-up time % of control. Other data that should berecorded during testing are the measured wet film thickness,temperature, relative humidity, test location in the laboratory,and air flow conditions at test location, and wind speed over thepaint film if controlled.7. Precision and Bias7.1 Precisi
44、onBecause of the poor precision of this testmethod, if it is used in a specification, the maximum deviationfrom the maximum no-pick-up time specified should be agreedupon between the purchaser and the seller. Supporting preci-sion data for this method are found in 7.3.7.2 BiasBias cannot be determin
45、ed.7.3 The American Association of State Highway and Trans-portation Officials (AASHTO) Materials Reference Laboratory(AMRL) was established at the National Institute of Standardsand Technology (NIST), formerly the National Bureau ofStandards, in 1965 under the sponsorship of the AASHTOHighway Subco
46、mmittee on Materials. Each year AMRL pro-vides pairs of material samples through the Proficiency SampleProgram (PSP) for testing by participating laboratories.AASHTO often specifies ASTM methods and one of theproficiency studies conducted annually is with Test MethodD711 on a pair of waterborne traf
47、fic paint samples. Each yeara batch of waterborne traffic paint is selected by AMRL/PSPfor D711 testing. Two paint samples (#1 and #2) are individu-ally taken from the paint batch and then subdivided fordistribution to the various testing laboratories. Each laboratoryconducts testing on the two pain
48、t samples using the D711protocol. After the testing is complete, the test results aresubmitted to AMRL for collective single operator and multi-laboratory statistical analyses. AMRL then publishes a reportcomparing the results of the participating laboratories.7.3.1 The precision statement in this m
49、ethod is partiallybased on the AMRL D711 testing that was conducted annuallybetween 2004 and 2010. In the AMRL testing, the laboratorieswere expected to follow the D711 protocol which specifiesranges for wet film thickness, temperature, and humidity. Nospecial instructions were provided for air flow. Although therewas no specific requirement for control of air flow, this variableis now known to be a significant factor in no-pick-up timetesting (see Table X1.1 for method improvement). Based onfollow-up AMRL questions to the testing laboratories, theremay have been signifi
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