ASTM D751-2006 Standard Test Methods for Coated Fabrics《涂层织物的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: D 751 06Standard Test Methods forCoated Fabrics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 751; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates th

2、e year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover, but are not limited to,rubber-coated fabrics, that is, tarpau

3、lins, rainwear, and similarproducts.1.2 The scope of each of these test methods appears in thesection in which the test method is described.1.3 The test methods appear in the following sections:Test Method SectionDimensions and Mass 7-10Breaking Strength 11Procedure AGrab Test Method 12-15Procedure

4、BCut Strip Test Method 16Elongation 17Bursting Strength 18-21Puncture Resistance 22-25Tearing Strength 26Procedure APendulum Method 27Procedure BTongue Tear Method 28-31Trapezoidal Tear 32-35Hydrostatic Resistance 36Procedure AMullen Type Tester 37-40Procedure BRising Water Column Tester 41-44Adhesi

5、on Coating (to Fabrics) 45-48Strength of Coating 49-53Tack-Tear Resistance 54-58Low Temperature Bend Test 59Low Temperature Impact Test 60Low-Temperature Crack Resistance 61-65Seam Strength 66-71Accelerated Heat Aging (Oven Method) 72-79Dead Load Seam Strength 80-83Blocking Resistance at Elevated Te

6、mperatures 84-88Crush Resistance 89-93Wicking of Coated Cloth 94-981.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It

7、 is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 573 Test Method for RubberDeterioration in an AirOvenD 1349 Practice for Rubbe

8、rStandard Temperatures forTestingD 1424 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics byFalling-Pendulum Type (Elmendorf) ApparatusD 2136 Test Method for Coated FabricsLow-Temperature Bend TestD 2137 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyBrittlenessPoint of Flexible Polymers and Coated FabricsD 4483 Practic

9、e for Evaluating Precision for Test MethodStandards in the Rubber and Carbon Black ManufacturingIndustries3. Significance and Use3.1 Coated fabrics and rubber products made from coatedfabrics are important items of commerce, and adequate testmethods must be available to ensure the quality of thesepr

10、oducts. These test methods provide for this testing capability.4. Standard Conditions4.1 Test ConditionsCoated fabrics shall be tested in anenvironment satisfying the conditions as defined in 4.2 or 4.3unless otherwise specified, or as per agreement betweensupplier and purchaser. When it is known th

11、at the coated fabricis to be used in a tropical environment, the atmospheredescribed in 4.3 shall be specified.4.2 Temperate AtmosphereThe standard condition fortesting coated fabrics shall be that reached by the fabric whenin moisture equilibrium with a standard atmosphere having arelative humidity

12、 of 50 6 5 % at 23 6 2C (73 6 4F).4.3 Tropical AtmosphereThe standard condition for test-ing coated fabrics shall be that reached by the fabric when inmoisture equilibrium with a standard atmosphere having arelative humidity of 65 6 5 % at 27 6 2C (80 6 2F).1These test methods are under the jurisdic

13、tion of ASTM Committee D11 onRubber and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.37 on Coated Fabricsand Rubber Thread.Current edition approved May 1, 2006. Published May 2006. Originallyapproved in 1943. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 751 00e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, v

14、isit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428

15、-2959, United States.4.4 Moisture EquilibriumIt shall be considered that mois-ture equilibrium is reached when after free exposure to air inmotion, there is no progressive increase in mass. Moistureequilibrium shall be approached from the dry side (notmoisture-free). Certain coatings may greatly ret

16、ard moisturepenetration into the fabric; therefore, fabrics coated on bothsides may require 24 h or more to reach equilibrium.5. Time Lapse Between Vulcanization and Testing5.1 For all test purposes, the minimum time between vul-canization and testing should be 16 h.5.2 For nonproduct tests, the max

17、imum time between vul-canization and testing should be four weeks, and for evalua-tions intended to be comparable, the tests, as far as possible,should be carried out after the same time interval.5.3 For product tests, where possible, the time betweenvulcanization and testing should not exceed three

18、 months. Inother cases, tests should be made within two months of the dateof receipt by the customer.NOTE 1Section 5 is not applicable for coated fabrics not requiringvulcanization.6. Precision and Bias6.1 PrecisionThese precision statements have been pre-pared in accordance with Practice D 4483. Pl

19、ease refer toPractice D 4483 for terminology and other testing and statisti-cal concepts (see Annex A1 for precision tables).6.2 The precision results give an estimate of the precision ofthese test methods with the materials (rubbers) used in theparticular interlaboratory program as described in Ann

20、ex A1.The precision parameters should not be used for acceptance/rejection testing of any group of materials without documen-tation that they are applicable to those particular materials andthe specific testing protocols that include these test methods.6.3 BiasIn test method statistical terminology,

21、 bias is thedifference between an average test value and the reference ortrue test property value. Reference values do not exist for thesetest methods since the value or level of the test property isexclusively defined by the test method. Bias, therefore, cannotbe determined.DIMENSIONS AND MASS7. Le

22、ngth7.1 General MethodLay the coated fabric out smooth,without tension, on a horizontal surface and measure the lengthparallel to the selvage; or, measure successive portions, each atleast5m(5yd)inlength, under the same conditions.7.2 Drum MethodRun the coated fabric over a measuringdrum with just e

23、nough uniform tension to keep it running flatand true. Determine the length from the dial or counter on thedrum and its calibration.8. Width8.1 Measure the width with the coated fabric laid outsmooth on a horizontal surface but without tension in eitherdirection. Report the average of at least five

24、different measure-ments uniformly distributed along the full length of a roll orpiece as the average width of the roll or piece.9. Thickness9.1 Thickness GaugeThe gauge used for the measurementof thickness shall be of the deadweight type equipped with adial graduated to read directly to 0.025 mm (0.

25、001 in.). Thepresser foot shall be circular with a diameter of 9.52 6 0.03mm (0.375 6 0.001 in.). The presser foot and moving partsconnected therewith shall be weighted so as to apply a totalforce of 1.7 6 0.03 N (6 6 0.1 oz) equivalent to a pressure of23.5 6 0.5 kPa (3.4 6 0.07 psi) to the specimen

26、. The presserfoot and anvil surfaces shall be plane to within 0.0025 mm(0.0001 in.) and parallel to each other to within 0.0025 mm(0.0001 in.). The gauge shall be calibrated for the actual loadexerted by the presser foot by means of any device so arrangedas to measure the total vertical force exerte

27、d by the presser footat the several gauge readings or presser foot levels selected forcalibration. The presser foot shall be brought to each calibra-tion level from a higher one.NOTE 2It is suggested that the calibration may be accomplished bysupporting the presser foot on a horizontal strap suspend

28、ed from aweighing device so arranged that it may be raised or lowered graduallyand leveled at any required position.9.2 ProcedurePlace the coated fabric upon the anvil ofthe gauge smooth, but without tension. Lower the presser footupon the material gradually (without impact), allow it to restupon it

29、 for 10 s, and then observe the reading of the dial. Makesimilar measurements at not less than five different placesuniformly distributed over the surface of the coated fabricexclusive of the area adjacent to either selvage and within onetenth the width of the fabric or within 2.5 m (100 in.) of eit

30、herend of a roll or piece. Report the average of the five or moremeasurements as the average thickness.10. Mass10.1 Method Applicable to a Piece, Cut, or RollWeigh thefull piece, cut, or roll, on a calibrated scale accurate to 0.25 %,measure the length and width of the coated fabric, andcalculate th

31、e mass, reporting it in grams per square metre(ounces per square yard) to the nearest 2.8 g (0.1 oz).10.2 Method Applicable to a SampleCut a specimenhaving an area of at least 129 cm2(20 in.2), or a number ofspecimens not less than 50 mm (2 in.) square and having a totalarea of at least 129 cm2(20 i

32、n.2) from the coated fabric, weighon a calibrated scale accurate to 0.25 %, and calculate themass, reporting it in grams per square metre (ounces per squareyard). Unless a specimen the full width of the fabric is used,take no specimen nearer the selvage than one tenth the width ofthe fabric.NOTE 3Th

33、is test method is intended for use when a small sample ofcoated fabric is sent to the laboratory for test. The result is considered tobe applicable to the sample, but not to the piece or lot of goods from whichthe sample was taken unless the number of samples and method ofsampling are specified and

34、agreed upon by those concerned. If this is done,each sample should be tested in accordance with 9.2 and the resultsaveraged to obtain the average mass in grams per square metre (or ouncesper square yard).D751062BREAKING STRENGTH11. Breaking Strength11.1 Breaking strength shall be determined by the g

35、rab testmethod, unless the strip test method is specified.Procedure AGrab Test Method12. Testing Machine12.1 The machine shall consist of three main parts:12.1.1 Straining mechanism,12.1.2 Clamps for holding specimen, and12.1.3 Load and elongation recording mechanism(s).12.2 Straining MechanismA mac

36、hine wherein the speci-men is held between the two clamps and strained by a uniformmovement of the pulling clamp shall be used. Unless otherwisespecified in the material specification, the machine shall beadjusted so that the pulling clamp shall have a uniform speedof 5 6 0.2 mm/s (12 6 0.5 in./min)

37、.12.3 Load and Elongation Recording Mechanism(s)Calibrated dial, scale, or chart to indicate applied load andelongation. Unless otherwise specified for load determination,the machine shall be adjusted or set so that the maximum loadrequired to break the specimen will remain indicated on thecalibrate

38、d dial, scale, chart, autographic recording, or computerinterfaced with the testing machine after the test specimen hasruptured.12.4 CapacityThe machine shall be of such capacity thatthe maximum load required to break the specimen shall be notgreater than 85 % or less than 15 % of the rated capacity

39、.12.5 Machine EffciencyThe error of the machine shallnot exceed 2 % up to and including a 222-N (50-lbf) force and1 % over 222 N and 1 % at any reading within its loadingrange.13. Clamps for Fabrics13.1 The clamps for holding a specimen of coated fabricshall have gripping surfaces sufficiently flat

40、and parallel as toprevent the test specimen from slipping or moving between thegripping surfaces when held under the pressure normal tooperation. The dimension of all gripping surfaces parallel tothe direction of application of the load shall be 25 mm (1 in.);the dimension perpendicular to this dire

41、ction shall be 1 in. forthe face jaw and 50 mm (2 in.) or more for the other. All edgesthat might cause a cutting action shall be rounded to a radius ofnot over 0.4 mm (0.0156 in.). The pressure between thegripping surfaces, sufficient to clamp the specimen firmlybefore the testing load is applied a

42、nd to prevent slippage duringthe progress of the test, shall be secured by any suitablyconstructed mechanical device operating on the member of theclamp. The distance between the clamps at the start of the testshall be 75 mm (3 in.).NOTE 4As a practical method of determining the degree of flatnessan

43、d parallelism of the assembled clamp mechanism, it is recommendedthat a sheet of thin white paper, between two thin sheets of carbon paper,be placed between the gripping surfaces, and the jaws then broughttogether with a light pressure.14. Test Specimens14.1 Specimens 102 mm (4 in.) in width and not

44、 less than152 mm (6 in.) in length shall be cut from the coated fabric fortest. Two sets of five specimens each will be required, one setfor longitudinal breaking strength having the longer dimensionparallel to the lengthwise direction of the goods, and the otherset for transverse breaking strength,

45、 having the longer dimen-sion parallel to the crosswise direction of the goods. No twospecimens shall contain the same threads of the fabric in thedirection to be tested. Unless otherwise specified, specimensshall be taken no nearer the selvage than one tenth the width ofthe coated fabric.15. Proced

46、ure15.1 Place the specimen symmetrically in the clamps of themachine (see Fig. 1) with the longer dimension parallel to andthe shorter dimension at right angles to the direction ofapplication of the force. Report the average of the results of thefive individual tests in each direction as the longitu

47、dinalbreaking strength and the transverse breaking strength of thefabric, respectively. If a specimen slips in the clamps, breaks inthe clamps, breaks at the edges of the clamps, or if for anyreason attributable to faulty operation, the result falls markedlybelow the average for the set of specimens

48、, discard the result,take another specimen, and include the result of this break inthe average.Procedure BCut Strip Test Method16. Procedure16.1 Make the breaking strength test by the cut strip methodin accordance with the directions for the grab method (Sections12-15), with the exception that the s

49、pecimens shall be cut25 mm (1 in.) in width (or other width when specified). The 25mm (1 in.) wide specimen shall be cut to obtain 25 mm (1 in.)of yarn.ELONGATION17. Procedure17.1 Unless otherwise specified, obtain the elongation of acoated fabric at any stated force when the breaking strength(Sections 11-15) is determined and for the same specimens bythe mechanism provided for such purpose. The elongation shallbe the average of the results obtained for five specimens, andit shall be expressed as the percentage increase in length. Sincethe initial