1、Designation: D 822 01 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Practice forFiltered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Exposures of Paint andRelated Coatings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 822; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revi
2、sion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This practice cove
3、rs the selection of test conditions foraccelerated exposure testing of coatings and related products infiltered open-flame carbon-arc devices conducted according toPractices G 151 and G 152. This practice also covers thepreparation of test specimens, the test conditions suited forcoatings, and the e
4、valuation of test results. Table 1 describescommonly used test conditions.NOTE 1Previous versions of this practice referenced carbon-arcdevices described by Practice G23, which described very specificequipment designs. Practice G23has been withdrawn and replaced byPractice G 151, which describes per
5、formance criteria for all exposuredevices that use laboratory light sources, and by Practice G 152, whichgives requirements for exposing nonmetallic materials in filtered openflame carbon-arc devices.1.2 This practice does not cover enclosed carbon-arc expo-sures of paints and related coatings, whic
6、h is described inPractice D 5031. Another procedure for exposing these prod-ucts is covered by Practice D 3361, in which the specimens aresubjected to radiation from an unfiltered open-flame carbon arcthat produces shorter wavelengths and higher levels of shortwavelength radiation than filtered open
7、-flame or enclosedcarbon arcs.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of
8、this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 358 Specification for Wood to Be Used as Panels inWeathering Tests of CoatingsD 523 Test Method for Specular GlossD
9、 609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panelsfor Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, andRelated Coating ProductsD 610 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Rusting onPainted Steel SurfacesD 659 Method of Evaluating Degree of Chalking of Exte-rior Paints3D 660 Test Method for Eval
10、uating Degree of Checking ofExterior PaintsD 662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion ofExterior PaintsD 714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering ofPaintsD 772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scal-ing) of Exterior PaintsD 823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform
11、Thicknessof Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test PanelsD 1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-ness of Organic Coatings Using MicrometersD 1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement ofDry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied toa Ferrous Base3D 1400 Test Method fo
12、r Nondestructive Measurement ofDry Film Thickness of Nonconductive CoatingsApplied toa Nonferrous Metal Base31This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.27 on Accelerated
13、Testing.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published November 2006. Originallyapproved in 1945. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 822 01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStan
14、dards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D 1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and ColorDifferences of Diffusely-Ill
15、uminated Opaque MaterialsD 1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum andAluminum-Alloy Surfaces for PaintingD 2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesD 2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Differ-ence With a Gray
16、 ScaleD 3361 Practice for Unfiltered Open-Flame Carbon-ArcExposures of Paint and Related CoatingsD 3980 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Paint andRelated Materials3D 4214 Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalk-ing of Exterior Paint FilmsD 5031 Practice for Enclosed Carbon-Arc Exposur
17、e Testsof Paint and Related CoatingsD 5870 Practice for Calculating Property Retention Indexof PlasticsE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE 1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-surement by Tristimulus (Filter) ColorimetryG2
18、3 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus(Carbon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposureof Nonmetallic Materials3G113 Terminology Relating to Natural and ArtificialWeathering Tests of Nonmetallic MaterialsG 141 Guide forAddressing Variability in Exposure Testingof Nonmetallic Materials
19、G 147 Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonme-tallic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering TestsG 151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Ac-celerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light SourcesG 152 Practice for Operating Open Flame CarbonArc LightApparatus for Expos
20、ure of Nonmetallic MaterialsG 169 Guide forApplication of Basic Statistical Methods toWeathering Tests3. Terminology3.1 The definitions given in Terminology G113are appli-cable to this practice.4. Significance and Use4.1 The ability of a paint or coating to resist deterioration ofits physical and op
21、tical properties caused by exposure to light,heat, and water can be very significant for many applications.This practice is intended to induce property changes associatedwith end-use conditions, including the effects of sunlight,moisture, and heat. The exposure used in this practice is notintended t
22、o simulate the deterioration caused by localizedweather phenomena such as atmospheric pollution, biologicalattack, and saltwater exposure.4.2 CautionsVariation in results may be expected whendifferent operating conditions are used. Therefore, no referenceto the use of this practice shall be made unl
23、ess accompanied bya report prepared according to Section 10 that describes thespecific operating conditions used. Refer to Practice G 151 fordetailed information on the caveats applicable to use of resultsobtained according to this practice.NOTE 2Additional information on sources of variability and
24、onTABLE 1 Test Cycles Commonly Used for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Exposure Testing of Paints and Related CoatingsAUninsulated BlackPanel TemperatureBCycle Number Cycle Description (C) (F) Typical UsesC1 Continuous light102 min light only at 50 6 5%RH18 min light and water sprayDRepeat continuou
25、sly63 6 2.5 145 6 5 General coatings and historical conventionE2 18 h continuous light using:102 min light only at 50 6 5%RH18 min light and water spray6 h dark using:95 % relative humidity (no water spray)Repeat continuously63 6 2.524 6 1.5145 6 575 6 3General coatings3 48 min light at 50 6 5%RH12
26、min light and water sprayRepeat continuously63 6 2.5 145 6 5 Coatings used in original equipment manufacturing4 4 h light at 50 6 5%RH4 h dark with water sprayRepeat continuously63 6 2.5 145 6 5 Exterior pigmented stains5 12 h light at 50 6 5%RH12 h dark water sprayRepeat continuously63 6 2.5 145 6
27、5 Exterior wood stains and clears6 8 h light at 50 6 5%RH10 h light and water spray6 h dark with water sprayRepeat continuously63 6 2.5 145 6 5 Marine enamelsAThe cycles described are not listed in any order indicating importance, and are not necessarily recommended for the applications listed.BUnle
28、ss otherwise indicated, black panel temperatures apply during the light-only portion of the cycle. The equilibrium black panel temperature is obtained without aspray period. For light intervals less than 30 min, the black panel temperature might not reach equilibrium.CTypical uses do not imply that
29、results from exposures of these materials according to the cycle described will correlate to those from actual use conditions.DUnless otherwise specified, water spray refers to water sprayed on the exposed surfaces of the test specimens.EHistorical convention has established this as a very commonly
30、used test cycle. This cycle may not adequately simulate the effects of outdoor exposure.D 822 01 (2006)2strategies for addressing variability in the design, execution, and dataanalysis of laboratory accelerated exposure tests is found in Guide G 141.4.2.1 The spectral power distribution of light fro
31、m anopen-flame carbon-arc is significantly different from thatproduced in light and water exposure devices using othercarbon-arc configurations or other light sources. The type andrate of degradation and the performance rankings produced byexposures to filtered open-flame carbon-arcs can be muchdiff
32、erent from those produced by exposures to other types oflaboratory light sources.4.2.2 Interlaboratory comparisons are valid only when alllaboratories use the same type of carbon-arc, filters, andexposure conditions.4.3 Reproducibility of test results between laboratories hasbeen shown to be good wh
33、en the stability of materials isevaluated in terms of performance ranking compared to othermaterials or to a control.4,5Therefore, exposure of a similarmaterial of known performance (a control) at the same time asthe test materials is strongly recommended. It is recommendedthat at least three replic
34、ates of each material be exposed toallow for statistical evaluation of results.4.4 Test results will depend upon the care that is taken tooperate the equipment according to Practice G 152. Significantfactors include regulation of line voltage, freedom from salt orother deposits from water, temperatu
35、re and humidity control,and conditions of the electrodes.4.5 All references to exposures in accordance with thispractice must include a complete description of the test cycleused.5. Apparatus5.1 Use filtered open-flame carbon-arc apparatus that con-forms to the requirements defined in Practices G 15
36、1 andG 152.5.2 Unless otherwise specified, the spectral power distribu-tion of the filtered open-flame carbon-arc shall conform to therequirements in Practice G 152 for carbon arc with daylightfilters.6. Hazards6.1 WarningIn addition to other precautions, never lookdirectly at the carbon arc because
37、 UV radiation can damage theeye. Most carbon-arc machines are equipped with door safetyswitches, but users of old equipment must be certain to turn offthe power to the carbon arc before opening the test-chamberdoor.6.2 The burning carbon rods used in these devices becomevery hot during use. Make sur
38、e to allow at least 15 min for thearcs to cool after the device is turned off before attempting tochange the carbon rods.6.3 Carbon residue and ash are known respiratory irritants.Wear an appropriate high-efficiency dust respirator, gloves, andsafety glasses when handling or changing carbon rods. Ma
39、kesure to wash any carbon residue from hands or arms prior toeating or drinking.7. Test Specimens7.1 Apply the coating to flat (plane) panels with the sub-strate, method of preparation, method of application, coatingsystem, film thickness, and method of drying consistent withthe anticipated end use,
40、 or as mutually agreed upon betweenthe producer and user.7.2 Panel specifications and methods of preparation includebut are not limited to Practices D 609 or D 1730, or Specifi-cation D 358. Select panel sizes suitable for use with theexposure apparatus.7.3 Coat test panels in accordance with Test M
41、ethods D 823,then measure the film thickness in accordance with an appro-priate procedure selected from Test Methods D 1005, D 1186,or D 1400. Nondestructive methods are preferred becausepanels so measured need not be repaired.7.4 Prior to exposing coated panels in the apparatus, condi-tion them at
42、23 6 2C (73 6 3F) and 50 6 5 % relativehumidity for one of the following periods in accordance withthe type of coating:Baked coatings 24 hRadiation-cured coatings 24 hAll other coatings 7 days7.4.1 Other procedures for preparation of test specimensmay be used if agreed upon between all interested pa
43、rties.7.5 Mount specimens in holders so that only the minimumspecimen area required for support by the holder is covered.Do not use this covered area of the specimen as part of the testarea.7.6 Unless otherwise specified, expose at least three repli-cate specimens of each test and control material.7
44、.7 Follow the procedures described in Practice G 147 foridentification and conditioning and handling of specimens oftest, control, and reference materials prior to, during, and afterexposure.7.8 Do not mask the face of a specimen for the purpose ofshowing on one panel the effects of various exposure
45、 times.Misleading results may be obtained by this method, since themasked portion of the specimen is still exposed to temperatureand humidity cycles that in many cases will affect results.7.9 Retain a supply of unexposed file specimens of allmaterials evaluated.7.9.1 When destructive tests are run,
46、it is recommended thata sufficient number of file specimens be retained so that theproperty of interest can be determined on unexposed filespecimens each time exposed materials are evaluated.NOTE 3Since the stability of the file specimen may also be time-dependent, users are cautioned that over prol
47、onged exposure periods, orwhere small differences in the order of acceptable limits are anticipated,comparison of exposed specimens with the file specimen may not be valid.Nondestructive instrumental measurements are recommended wheneverpossible.7.10 Specimens should not ordinarily be removed from t
48、heexposure apparatus for more than 24 h, then returned foradditional tests, since this does not produce the same results onall materials as tests run without this type of interruption. When4Fischer, R., “Results of Round-Robin Studies of Light- and Water-ExposureStandard Practices,” Accelerated and
49、Outdoor Durability Testing of OrganicMaterials, ASTM STP 1202, ASTM, 1993.5Ketola, W., and Fischer, R., “Characterization and Use of Reference MaterialsinAccelerated Durability Tests,” VAMAS Technical Report No. 30, NIST, June 1997.D 822 01 (2006)3specimens are removed from the exposure apparatus for 24 h ormore, then returned for additional exposure, report the elapsedtime as noted under Section 10.8. Procedure8.1 Table 1 lists several exposure cycles that are used forfiltered open-flame carbon-arc exposures of nonmetallic mate-rials. Obtain mutual agreement between all c
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