1、Designation: D849 09Standard Test Method forCopper Strip Corrosion by Industrial AromaticHydrocarbons1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D849; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi
2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the corrosiveness of in
3、dustrialaromatic hydrocarbons to a copper strip.NOTE 1For a similar copper strip test applicable to other petroleumproducts, see Test Method D130 and Test Method D1838.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This
4、 standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardsta
5、tements, see Section 8.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B152/B152M Specification for Copper Sheet, Strip, Plate,and Rolled BarD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Pe-troleum Products by Copper Strip TestD1838 Test Method for Copper Strip Corrosion by Lique-fied Petroleum (LP)
6、GasesD4790 Terminology ofAromatic Hydrocarbons and RelatedChemicalsD6809 Guide for Quality Control and Quality AssuranceProcedures for Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Ma-terials2.2 Other Documents:3OSHA Regulations, 29 CFR paragraphs 1910.1000 and1910.12002.3 ASTM Adjuncts:ASTM Copper Strip Corros
7、ion Standards (13 photo litho-graphed aluminum strips; includes Test Method D130)43. Terminology3.1 See Terminology D4790 for definition of terms used inthis test method.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A polished copper strip is immersed in 200 mL ofspecimen in a flask with a condenser and placed in bo
8、ilingwater for 30 min. At the end of this period, the copper strip isremoved and compared with the ASTM Copper Strip Corro-sion Standards.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is suitable for setting specifications, foruse as an internal quality control tool, and for use in develop-ment or res
9、earch work on industrial aromatic hydrocarbons andrelated materials. It also gives an indication of the presence ofcertain corrosive substances which may corrode equipment,such as acidic compounds or sulfur compounds.6. Apparatus6.1 Flask, of sufficient size to allow for refluxing 200 mLspecimen, of
10、 chemically resistant glass with flat bottom andvial mouth.6.2 Glass Condenser, length may vary, with the insidediameter of the condenser tube not less than 10 mm. A cork isused to connect the flask with the condenser. A condenser andflask with ground-glass joints may also be used.1This test method
11、is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 onAromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D16.01 on Benzene, Toluene, Xylenes, Cyclohexane and TheirDerivatives.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009. Published January 2010. Originallyapproved in 194
12、5. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D849 05. DOI:10.1520/D0849-09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe
13、 ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.4Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Request Adjunct No.ADJD0130. Names of suppliers in the United Kingdom can
14、be obtained from theInstitute of Petroleum. Two master standards are held by the IP for reference.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.3 Strip Polishing V
15、ise, (optional), to hold the copper stripfirmly without marring the edges. For convenient vises see TestMethod D130.6.4 Water Bath, of convenient design, able to maintainboiling water such that the contents of the flask are submergedduring the test.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Wash SolventAny volati
16、le, sulfur-free hydrocarbonsolvent may be used provided that it shows no tarnish at allwhen tested at 100C for 1 h. Isooctane (WarningSee 8.2)isa suitable solvent.7.2 Surface Preparation/Polishing Materials, 00 grade orfiner steel wool or silicon carbide grit paper or cloth of varyingdegrees of fine
17、ness including 65-m (240-grit) grade; also asupply of 105-m (150-mesh) size silicon carbide grain orpowder and absorbent cotton (cotton wool). A commercialgrade is suitable, but pharmaceutical grade is most commonlyavailable and is acceptable.7.3 Copper StripsUse strips 12.5 mm 6 1 mm wide, 1.5to 3.
18、5 mm thick, cut 75 mm 6 3 mm long from smooth-surfaced, hard-tempered, cold-finished copper of 99.9 + %purity. Electrical bus-bar stock is generally suitable (hard-temper, cold-finished type-electrolytic tough pitch (ETP) cop-per conforming to UNS C11000 in Specification B152/B152M.Drill a 3.2 mm 6
19、0.5 mm hole approximately 3.2 mm from oneend in the center of the strip. The strips may be used repeatedlybut should be discarded when surfaces become deformed onhandling.7.4 Copper wire, soft, about 150 mm in length.7.5 ASTM Copper Strip Corrosion Standards, consisting ofreproductions in color of t
20、ypical test strips representing in-creasing degrees of tarnish and corrosion. The reproductionsare encased in plastic in the form of a plaque. Instructions forcare and use are given on the reverse side of each plaque andin Test Method D130.7.6 Ashless Filter Paper or Disposable Gloves, for use inpro
21、tecting the copper strip from coming in contact with theindividual during final polishing.8. Hazards8.1 Consult current OSHA regulations, suppliers MaterialSafety Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials usedin this test method.8.2 Isooctane is Extremely Flammable. Harmful if inhaled.Vap
22、ors may cause flash fire. Keep away from heat, sparks, andopen flame. Keep container closed. Use with adequate venti-lation. Avoid buildup of vapors and eliminate all sources ofignition, especially non-explosion-proof electrical apparatusand heaters. Avoid prolonged breathing of vapor or spray mist.
23、Avoid prolonged or repeated skin contact.9. Preparation of Strips9.1 Surface PreparationRemove all surface blemishesfrom all six sides of the strip obtained from a previous analysis(see Note 2). One way to accomplish this is to use 00 grade orfiner steel wool or silicon carbide grit paper or cloth o
24、f suchdegrees of fineness as are needed to accomplish the desiredresults efficiently. Finish with 65-m (240-grit) silicon-carbidepaper or cloth, removing all marks that may have been made byother grades of paper used previously. Ensure the preparedcopper strip is protected from oxidation prior to fi
25、nal prepara-tion, such as by immersing the strip in wash solvent fromwhich it can be withdrawn immediately for final preparation(polishing) or in which it can be stored for future use.NOTE 2Only final polishing (see 9.2) is necessary for commerciallypurchased pre-polished strips.NOTE 3As a practical
26、 manual polishing procedure, place a sheet ofthe paper on a flat surface, moisten it with wash solvent, and rub the stripagainst the paper with a circular motion, protecting the strip from contactwith the fingers by using an ashless filter paper, other suitable material, orwearing disposable gloves.
27、Alternatively, the strip may be prepared by useof motor-driven machines using appropriate grades of dry paper or cloth.9.2 Final PolishingFor strips prepared in 9.1 or newstrips being used for the first time, remove a strip from itsprotected location, such as by removing it from the washsolvent. To
28、prevent possible surface contamination during finalpreparation, do not allow fingers to come in direct contact withthe copper strips, such as by wearing disposable gloves orholding the strips in the fingers protected with ashless filterpaper. Polish first the ends and then the sides with the 105-m(1
29、50-mesh) silicon-carbide grains picked up from a suitablecontainer with a pad of absorbent cotton or cloth moistenedwith a drop of wash solvent. Wipe vigorously with fresh padsof absorbent cotton or cloth and subsequently handle only withstainless-steel forceps, tongs, or other suitable devices to a
30、voidtouching with the fingers. Polish the main surfaces with siliconcarbide grains on absorbent cotton or cloth. Rub in thedirection of the long axis of the strip, carrying the strokebeyond the end of the strip before reversing the direction.Clean all metal dust from the strip by rubbing vigorously
31、withclean pads of absorbent cotton or cloth until the materialremains unsoiled. When the strip is clean, immediately im-merse the strip in the specimen flask.NOTE 4It is important to polish the whole surface of the stripuniformly to obtain a uniformly stained strip. If the edges show wear(surface el
32、liptical) they will likely show more corrosion than the center.The use of a vise will facilitate uniform polishing.10. Procedure10.1 Fasten the 150-mm length of soft copper wire throughthe hole provided near one end of the strip, taking care not totouch the strip with the fingers after polishing.10.
33、2 Place the strip in the flask and add 200 mL of thesample. The specimen must not contain separated water. Filterthrough a dry filter paper, if necessary, to remove water.10.3 Connect the flask to the vertical reflux condenser bymeans of a properly bored cork or glass stopper. It is absolutelynecess
34、ary that a cork or glass, not rubber, stopper be used, inorder to avoid contamination of the specimen by sulfur fromrubber stoppers. The copper wire may be allowed to extendinto the condenser tube for convenience in removing the strip.Completely immerse the strip.10.4 Place the flask in the gently b
35、oiling water bath, andimmerse the flask to the liquid line of the specimen within theflask.D849 09210.5 Remove the copper strip 30 min from the time the flaskwas immersed in the bath. Do not touch the copper strip, butremove it by the wire that has been provided. Do not allow thestrip to come in con
36、tact with separated water during any part ofthe test, since water causes bad local staining of the copper. Ifit is desired to preserve the strip for future reference, dip itimmediately into white shellac or lacquer.11. Interpretation of Results11.1 Compare the exposed strip with the ASTM CopperStrip
37、 Corrosion Standards described in 7.5 and as summarizedin Table 1. Hold the test strip and the Standard in such amanner that light reflected from them at an angle of approxi-mately 45 will be observed.11.1.1 When a strip is in the obvious transition statebetween that indicated by any two adjacent st
38、andard strips, ratethe sample at the more tarnished classification. Should a stripappear to have a darker orange color than Standard Strip 1b,consider the observed strip as still belonging in Classification1; however, if any evidence of red color is observed, theobserved strip belongs in Classificat
39、ion 2.12. Report12.1 Report the corrosiveness of the copper strip in accor-dance with one of the classifications of theASTM Copper StripCorrosion Standards and as summarized in Table 1. A rating of1a or 1b is considered a “Pass;” all others shall be consideredfailures.13. Precision and Bias13.1 In t
40、he case of pass/fail data, no generally acceptedmethod for determining precision and bias is currently avail-able.14. Quality Guidelines14.1 Laboratories shall have a quality control system inplace.14.1.1 Confirm the performance of the test method byanalyzing a quality control sample following the g
41、uidelines ofstandard statistical quality control practices.14.1.2 A quality control sample is a stable material isolatedfrom the production process and representative of the samplebeing analyzed.14.1.3 When QA/QC protocols are already established inthe testing facility, these protocols are acceptabl
42、e when theyconfirm the validity of test results.14.1.4 When there are no QA/QC protocols established inthe testing facility, use the guidelines described in GuideD6809 or similar statistical quality control practices.15. Keywords15.1 copper corrosion testTABLE 1 Copper Strip ClassificationsClassific
43、ation Designation DescriptionAFreshly polished strip .B1 slight tarnish a. Light orange, almost the same as freshly polished strip. b. Dark orange2 moderate tarnish a. Claret red. b. Lavender. c. Multicolored with lavender blue or silver, or both, overlaid onclaret red. d. Silvery. e. Brassy or gold
44、3 dark tarnish a. Magenta overcast on brassy strip. b. Multicolored with red and green snowing (peacock), but no gray4 corrosion a. Transparent black, dark gray or brown with peacock green barelyshowing. b. Graphite or lusterless black. c. Glossy or jet blackAThe ASTM Copper Strip Corrosion Standard
45、 is a colored reproduction of strips characteristic of these descriptions.BThe freshly polished strip is included in the series only as an indication of the appearance of a properly polished strip before a test run. It is not possible to duplicatethis appearance after a test even with a completely n
46、oncorrosive sample.D849 093SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D16 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (D849 - 05)that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved December 1, 2009.)(1) Added Section 14 on QA/QC.ASTM International takes no position respect
47、ing the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This stan
48、dard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Internatio
49、nal Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-
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