1、Designation: D906 98 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Test Method forStrength Properties of Adhesives in Plywood TypeConstruction in Shear by Tension Loading1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D906; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、 in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIO
3、NThe accuracy of the results of strength tests of adhesive bonds will depend on the conditions underwhich the bonding process is carried out. Unless otherwise agreed upon between the manufacturer andthe purchaser, the bonding conditions shall be prescribed by the manufacturer of the adhesive. In ord
4、erto ensure that complete information is available to the individual conducting the tests, themanufacturer of the adhesive shall furnish numerical values and other specific information for each ofthe following variables:(1) The moisture content of the wood at the time of bonding.(2) Complete mixing
5、directions for the adhesive.(3) Conditions for application of the adhesive including the rate of spread or thickness of film,number of coats to be applied, whether more than one coat is required.(4) Assembly conditions before application of pressure, including the room temperature, length oftime, an
6、d whether open or closed assembly is to be used.(5) Curing conditions, including the amount of pressure to be applied, the length of time underpressure and the temperature of the assembly when under pressure. It should be stated whether thistemperature is that of the bond line, or of the atmosphere
7、at which the assembly is to be maintained.(6) Conditioning procedure before testing, unless a standard procedure is specified, including thelength of time, temperature, and relative humidity.Arange may be prescribed for any variable by the manufacturer of the adhesive if it can be assumedby the test
8、 operator that any arbitrarily chosen value within such a range or any combination of suchvalues for several variables will be acceptable to both the manufacturer and the purchaser of theadhesive.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the com-parative shear strengths of adhesives i
9、n plywood-type con-struction, when tested on a standard specimen and underspecified conditions of preparation, conditioning, and testing.This test method is intended to be applied only to adhesivesused in bonding wood to wood.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The v
10、alues given in parentheses are provided forinformation purposes only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the
11、applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.30 on WoodAdhesives.Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Published April 2011. Originallyapproved in 1947. Last
12、previous edition approved in 2004 as D906 98 (2004).DOI: 10.1520/D0906-98R11.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D143 Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of TimberD907 Termino
13、logy of Adhesives3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsMany terms in this test method are definedin Terminology D907.3.1.1 plywood, na panel generally flat built up of layers ofveneer called plies, united under pressure by an adhesive tocreate a panel with the bond between the plies as strong as, orstronger
14、than, the wood, and that has the following character-istics: (1) is constructed of an odd number of layers with grainof adjacent layers perpendicular, (2) with a layer consisting ofeither a single ply or two or more plies laminated with parallelgrain direction, and (3) with outer layers and all odd
15、numberedlayers generally having the grain direction oriented parallel tothe long dimension of the panel.3.1.1.1 DiscussionGenerally, the grain of one or moreplies is approximately at right angles to the other plies, andalmost always an odd number of plies are used.3.1.2 shear, nin an adhesively bond
16、ed joint, stress, strainor failure resulting from applied forces that tend to causeadjacent planes of a body to slide parallel in opposite direc-tions.4. Significance and Use4.1 The way adhesives are used in plywood makes shearstrength an important performance criteria.4.2 Shear strength measured by
17、 this test is suitable for use inadhesive development, manufacturing quality control, and inmaterials performance specifications.5. Apparatus5.1 The testing machine shall be adjusted to a loading rateof between 4535 and 7560 g/s (600 and 1000 lb/min). Wherethe testing machine is adjusted by rate of
18、crosshead movementrather than load application rate, an appropriate head move-ment rate shall be selected so as to yield an average loadapplication rate in the 4535 to 7560 g/s (600 to 1000 lb/min)range. It shall be provided with suitable grips and jaws so thatthe specimen can be gripped tightly and
19、 held in alignment asthe load is applied. The grips and jaws shown in Fig. 1 havebeen found satisfactory. The testing machine shall be located inan atmosphere such that the moisture content of the specimensdeveloped under the conditions prescribed in Section 8 is notnoticeably altered during testing
20、.6. Test Specimens6.1 The test specimens shall conform to the form anddimensions shown in Fig. 2. The specimens shall be cut fromtest panels prepared as described in Sections 7 and 8.6.2 At least 40 specimens, representing at least five differentpanels, shall be prepared, selected and tested as pres
21、cribed inSections 9 and 10.7. Preparation and Test Panels7.1 The standard substrate for this test method is 1.6mm(1/16in.) thick rotary-cut or sliced veneer of sweet birch(Betula lenta) or yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis). Anyother thickness or species of veneer may be substituted uponwritten ag
22、reement between the party requesting this test andthe manufacturer of the adhesive. Select veneer that is free ofdefects such as knots or distorted grain around knots, cracks,short grain (fibers out of plane), rough surfaces, or unusualdiscoloration that would indicate decay. Do not sand theveneer.7
23、.2 Cut the selected veneer into a size suitable for pressingand for cutting specimens with minimal waste. Allow at least12-in. (13 mm) for trim around the edges.NOTE 1When cutting the veneer to size, ensure that the fiber directionis parallel and perpendicular to the edges. Appearances may be decept
24、ive.If there is any question, the fiber direction should be checked with anscratch awl.7.3 Condition the veneer to within 61 % of the moisturecontent recommended by the adhesive manufacturer or theparty requesting this test. In the absence of any guideline,condition the veneer to 10 to 12 % moisture
25、 content based on2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.FIG. 1 Grips and JawsMetric Equivalentsin.mm
26、183.2125.431482.6FIG. 2 Form and Dimensions of Test SpecimenD906 98 (2011)2the oven dry weight. Check moisture content of recommendedsamples in accordance with Sections 124 to 127 of TestMethods D143.7.4 Prepare the adhesive in accordance with the adhesivemanufacturers instructions.7.5 Apply the adh
27、esive to each veneer in accordance withthe adhesive manufacturers instructions. Allow the prescribedopen assembly time, if any, before reassembling the veneer.Reassemble the veneer with the fiber direction of the centerveneer perpendicular to the two face veneer. Allow the pre-scribed closed assembl
28、y time, if any, before pressing. Press theassembly under the conditions prescribed by the adhesivemanufacturer.8. Conditioning of Test Panels8.1 Upon removal from pressure, condition the panels at arelative humidity of 50 62 % and at a temperature of 23 6 1C(73.4 6 2F) either for a period of 7 days,
29、 or until thespecimens reach equilibrium as indicated by no progressivechanges in weight, whichever is the longer period. The lengthof this period of conditioning may be extended beyond thislimit by written agreement between the purchaser and themanufacturer of the adhesive.9. Preparation of Specime
30、ns9.1 Cut the test specimens as shown in Fig. 2. This is bestaccomplished by cutting the notches to the proper width, depth,and location in the test panel, using a hollow-ground groovingsaw or any other method that will give equally satisfactoryresults. Cut the notches in the panel in such a manner
31、as toensure that when the specimens are subjected to loading, thelathe checks in the center ply of half the specimens will bepulled open (tension) (see Fig. 3(a), while in the other half thelathe checks will be pulled closed (compression) (see Fig.3(b). One method of accomplishing this is by notchin
32、g thepanel as illustrated in Fig. 4. When the panel has been notched,the individual specimens may be cut from the panel. Numberthem consecutively from one end of the panel to the other andidentify with regard to panel of origin. Select the specimens tobe tested so that an even and equal number of sp
33、ecimens aretaken from each end of each panel. Measure the width of eachspecimen and the distance between notches to the nearest 0.025cm (0.01 in.) to determine the shear area.9.2 Retain the specimens in the conditioning atmospheredescribed in Section 8, until tested, except during the cuttingoperati
34、ons.10. Procedure10.1 Place the test specimen in the jaws of the grips in thetesting machine so that the specimen is perfectly aligned andparallel to the centerline of the jaws. If jaws such as those inFig. 1 are used, then the specimen should be perfectly alignedwith the pairs of jaws directly abov
35、e each other and in such aposition that an imaginary straight vertical line would passthrough the center of the core ply and through the points ofsuspension A and B as shown in Fig. 1. Test specimens fromeach panel in numbered sequence and place in the jawsalternately so that in one case the upper n
36、otch is to the left andin the other case to the right. Apply the load at a rate of 4535to 7560 g/s (600 to 1000 lb/min), or select a crosshead speedthat will yield this.11. Calculation11.1 Record the load at failure to the nearest 35 kPa (5 psi)and the estimated wood failure to the nearest 5 %. Expr
37、ess allfailing loads in grams per square centimetre (or pounds persquare in.) of shear area, calculated to the nearest 0.06cm2(0.01 in2).11.2 Calculate the average failing load for the group ofspecimens cut from each end of each test panel. Combine thegroups having the higher average failing load fr
38、om each of thevarious test panels into one major group representing half ofthe total number of test specimens. Combine the remaining halfof the test specimens, made up of the groups having the loweraverage failing load from each of the various test panels into asecond major group. Calculate the aver
39、age failing load andaverage percentage wood failure for each of the two majorgroups.12. Report12.1 The report shall include the following:12.1.1 Complete identification of the adhesive tested includ-ing type, source, manufacturers code numbers, form, etc., andthe wood species used as well as its moi
40、sture content whenused,12.1.2 Application and bonding conditions used in prepar-ing the specimens,12.1.3 Conditioning procedure used for the specimens,12.1.4 Temperature and relative humidity in the test room,12.1.5 Number of specimens tested,12.1.6 Number of panels represented,12.1.7 Individual tes
41、t results identified with regard to panelof origin and specimen number, and12.1.8 Average failing load and average percentage woodfailure for each of the two major groups of specimens.(a) Pulled Open(b) Pulled ClosedFIG. 3 Lathe and Notch Orientations for TestingD906 98 (2011)313. Precision and Bias
42、13.1 A precision and bias statement does not exist for thistest method because resources necessary for round-robin test-ing have not been forthcoming.14. Keywords14.1 plywood; shearASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item
43、mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical commit
44、tee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a mee
45、ting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
46、PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).Metric Equivalentsin.mm183.2125.431482.64101.614354.8FIG. 4 Size of Test Panel and Method of Cutting and Numbering of Test SpecimensD906 98 (2011)4
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