ASTM D907-2008a Standard Terminology of Adhesives.pdf

1、Designation: D 907 08aStandard Terminology ofAdhesives1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 907; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year

2、 of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This terminology standard is a compilation of defini-tions used in the science and technology of the adhesivesindustry. Terms that are generally understood or adequatelydefine

3、d in other readily available sources are not included.1.2 Any changes in this standard since 1988 are documentedas follows:1.2.1 Appendix X1 gives a history of revisions made since1988. Table X1.1 lists the terms that are affected as: (1) TermsAdded, (2) Terms Revised, and (3) Terms Deleted.1.2.1.1

4、In Table X1.1, the year of publication in Volume15.06 is shown in parentheses following the term.1.2.2 In the text of the standard, the year of publication isshown following each definition. Also, the following codes areincluded after the year of publication to describe the typechange that was made:

5、 (A) Addition, (R) Revision, or (E)Edited.1.2.3 Deletions are shown in Appendix X1, suitably foot-noted. The deleted terms do not appear in the text of thestandard.1.2.4 Any special circumstances not covered by 1.2.2 and1.2.3 are documented in Table X1.1, suitably footnoted.2. Referenced Documents2.

6、1 ASTM Standards:2D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD 2849 Methods of Testing Urethane Foam Polyol RawMaterials3D 2507 Terminology of Rheological Properties of GelledRocket Propellants3D 2990 Test Methods for Tensile, Compressive, and Flex-ural Creep and Creep-Rupture of PlasticsD

7、3983 Test Method for Measuring Strength and ShearModulus of Nonrigid Adhesives by the Thick-AdherendTensile-Lap SpecimenD 4027 Test Method for Measuring Shear Properties ofStructural Adhesives by the Modified-Rail TestD 4317 Specification for Polyvinyl Acetate-Based Emul-sion AdhesivesD 4680 Test Me

8、thod for Creep and Time to Failure ofAdhesives in Static Shear by Compression Loading(Wood-to-Wood)D 5266 Practice for Estimating the Percentage of WoodFailure in Adhesive Bonded JointsE6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-ing3. Terminologyacceptance test, na test, or series of tests

9、 conducted by theprocuring agency, or an agent thereof, upon receipt todetermine whether an individual lot of materials conforms tothe purchase order or contract or to determine the degree ofuniformity of the material supplied by the vendor, or both.(Compare preproduction test and qualification test

10、.)acid number, nthe quantity of base, expressed in milligramsof potassium hydroxide, that is required to titrate acidicconstituents present in1gofsample. (1992) (A) D 2849,D20adhere, vto cause two surfaces to be held together byadhesion.adherend, na body held to another body by an adhesive.adherend

11、preparation, nsee surface preparation.adhesion, nthe state in which two surfaces are held togetherby interphase forces.mechanical adhesion, nadhesion between surfaces inwhich the adhesive holds the parts together by interlockingaction.specific adhesion, nadhesion between surfaces which areheld toget

12、her by intermolecular forces of a chemical orphysical nature. (2000) (R)adhesion failure, nrupture of an adhesive bond in which theseparation appears visually to be at the adhesive/adherendinterface.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives and is the direct respo

13、nsibility of Subcommittee D14.04 on Terminology.Current edition approved Aug. 15, 2008. Published September 2008. Originallyapproved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D 907 08.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at se

14、rviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.adhesion promoter, na substance used to im

15、prove bondingof the adhesive to the substrate. (Compare coupling agentand primer.)DISCUSSIONThe adhesion promoter may be added to an adhesiveformulation or applied to the substrate.adhesive, na substance capable of holding materials togetherby surface attachment. (See also glue, gum, mucilage,paste,

16、 resin, and sizing.)DISCUSSIONAdhesive is the general term and includes among otherscement, glue, mucilage, and paste. These terms are loosely usedinterchangeably. Various descriptive adjectives are applied to the termadhesive to indicate certain characteristics as follows:(1) Physical form, that is

17、, liquid adhesive, tape adhesive(2) Chemical type, that is, silicate adhesive, resin adhesive(3) Materials bonded, that is, paper adhesive, metal-plasticadhesive(4) Conditions of use, that is, hot-setting adhesiveadhesive, assembly, nsee assembly adhesive.adhesive, bulk, nsee bulk adhesive.adhesive,

18、 casein, nsee casein adhesive.adhesive, cellular, nsee cellular adhesive.adhesive, cold-setting, nsee cold-setting adhesive.adhesive, contact, nsee contact adhesive.adhesive, foamed, nsee foamed adhesive.adhesive, gap-filling, nsee gap-filling adhesive.adhesive, heat activated, nsee heat activated a

19、dhesive.adhesive, hot-melt, nsee hot-melt adhesive.adhesive, hot-setting, nsee hot-setting adhesive.adhesive, intermediate-temperature-setting, nseeintermediate-temperature-setting adhesive.adhesive, mastic, nsee mastic adhesive.adhesive, multiple-layer, nsee multiple-layer adhesive.adhesive, polyvi

20、nyl acetate emulsion, nsee polyvinyl ac-etate emulsion adhesive.adhesive, pressure-sensitive, nsee pressure-sensitive ad-hesive.adhesive, room-temperature-setting, nsee room-temperature-setting adhesive.adhesive, separate application, nsee separate-application adhesive.adhesive, solvent, nsee solven

21、t adhesive.adhesive, solvent-activated, nsee solvent-activated adhe-sive.adhesive, structural, nsee structural adhesive.adhesive, warm-setting, nsee warm-setting adhesive.adhesive, urea-formaldehyde, nsee urea-formaldehydeadhesive.adhesive, anaerobic, nsee anaerobic adhesive.adhesive dispersion, nse

22、e dispersion. (Compare to emul-sion.)adhesive joint, nlocation at which two adherends are heldtogether with adhesive.adhesive-joint failure, nthe locus of fracture occurring in anadhesively-bonded joint resulting in a loss of load-carryingcapability. (See also adhesion failure and cohesion failure.)

23、(1995) (A)substrate failure, nin characterizing the locus of anadhesvie-joint failure, the fracture occurring within thesubstrate. (See cohesion failure.)aggressive tack, nsee aggressive tack under tack.aging time, nsee joint conditioning time.amylaceous, adjpertaining to, or of the nature of, starc

24、h;starchy.anaerobic adhesive, nan adhesive that is kept in the uncuredstate by oxygen, as in air, and that cures in the absence ofoxygen when exposed to metal ions, especially copper oriron. (1990) (A)apparent viscosity, nin non-Newtonian behavior, the ratioof the shearing stress to the rate of shea

25、r of a fluid, given atthe corresponding shearing stress.assembly, nsee adhesive assembly.assembly adhesive, nan adhesive that can be used forbonding parts together, such as in the manufacture of a boat,airplane, furniture, and the like.DISCUSSIONThe term assembly adhesive is commonly used in thewood

26、 industry to distinguish such adhesives (formerly called “jointglues”) from those used in making plywood (sometimes called “veneerglues”). It is applied to adhesives used in fabricating finished structuresor goods, or subassemblies thereof, as differentiated from adhesivesused in the production of s

27、heet materials for sale as such, for example,plywood or laminates.assembly (for adhesives), na group of materials or parts,including adhesive, placed together for bonding or which hasbeen bonded together.assembly time, nthe time interval between applying theadhesive on the substrate and the applicat

28、ion of pressure, orheat, or both, to the assembly. (See also closed assemblytime and open assembly time.) (1990) (R)DISCUSSIONFor assemblies involving multiple layers or parts, theassembly begins with applying the adhesive on the first substrate.A-stage, nan early stage in the preparation of certain

29、thermosetting resins, in which the material is still soluble incertain liquids, and fusible.autohesion, nadhesion developed by interdiffusion of themolecules of two surfaces of the same material and conse-quent obliteration of the interface between them. (Some-times called “autoadhesion.”) (Compare

30、blocking.) (1990)(A)bag molding, na method of molding or bonding involvingthe application of fluid pressure, usually by means of air,steam, water, or vacuum, to a flexible cover which, some-times in conjunction with the rigid die, completely enclosesthe material to be bonded.batch, nthe manufactured

31、 unit or a blend of two or moreunits of the same formulation and processing. (Comparemanufactured unit.)binder, nin adhesive compounds, a component of an adhe-sive composition that is primarily responsible for its me-chanical strength and adhesion. (2005) (R)blister, nan elevation of the surface of

32、varied contour anddimensions, with a void beneath it. (2005) (R)blocked curing-agent, na curing or hardening agent tempo-rarily rendered unreactive, which can be reactivated asdesired by physical or chemical means.D 907 08a2blocking, nan undesired adhesion between touching layersof a material, such

33、as occurs under moderate pressure duringstorage or use.bond, nthe attachment between an adhesive and an adher-end.edge joint, nin wood bonding, a type of laminate jointmade by bonding adherends edge-to-edge with grain direc-tions parallel to form wider stock.face joint, nin wood bonding, a type of l

34、aminate jointmade by bonding adherends face-to-face with grain direc-tions parallel to form thicker stock.laminate joint, nin wood bonding, a joint made bybonding layers of adherends face-to-face or edge-to-edge toform thicker or wider stock.bond, vto join adherends by means of an adhesive.bondline,

35、 nthe layer of adhesive which attaches two adher-ends. (See interphase.) (2005) (R)bond strength, nthe unit load applied to tension, compres-sion, flexure, peel, impact, cleavage, or shear, required tobreak an adhesive assembly with failure occurring in or nearthe plane of the bond. (See also adhesi

36、on and bond.)DISCUSSIONThe term adherence is frequently used in place of bondstrength.dry strength, nthe strength of an adhesive joint determinedimmediately after drying under specified conditions or aftera period of conditioning in a standard laboratory atmosphere.wet strength, nthe strength of an

37、adhesive joint determinedimmediately after removal from a liquid in which it has beenimmersed under specified conditions of time, temperature,and pressure.DISCUSSIONThe term is commonly used alone to designate strengthafter immersion in water. In latex adhesives the term is also used todescribe the

38、joint strength when the adherends are brought togetherwith the adhesive still in the wet state.B-stage, nan intermediate stage in the reaction of certainthermosetting resins in which the material swells when incontact with certain liquids and softens when heated, butmay not entirely dissolve or fuse

39、.built-up laminated wood, nsee built-up laminated woodunder wood laminate.bulk adherend, nas related to interphase, the adherend,unaltered by the adhesive. (Compare to bulk adhesive.)(1988) (A)bulk adhesive, nas related to interphase, the adhesive,unaltered by the adherend. (Compare to bulk adherend

40、.)(1988) (A)casein adhesive, nan aqueous colloidal dispersion of caseinthat may be prepared with or without heat, may containmodifiers, inhibitors, and secondary binders to providespecific adhesive properties, and includes a subclass, usuallyidentified as casein glue, that is based on a dry blend of

41、casein, lime, and sodium salts, mixed with water andprepared without heat. (1989) (A)catalyst, na substance that initiates or changes the rate ofchemical reaction, but is not consumed or changed by thereaction. (See also hardener.) (Compare inhibitor.)(1990) (R)caul, na sheet of material employed si

42、ngly or in pairs in hotor cold pressing of assemblies being bonded.DISCUSSIONAcaul is used to protect either the faces of the assemblyor the press platens, or both, against marring and staining to preventsticking; to facilitate press loading; to impart a desired surface textureor finish; and to prov

43、ide uniform pressure distribution.DISCUSSIONA caul may be made of any suitable material such asaluminum, stainless steel, hardboard, fiberboard, or plastic; the lengthand width dimensions being generally the same as those of the plates ofthe press where it is used.cellular adhesivesee foamed adhesiv

44、e.cement, nsee Discussion under adhesive.cement, vsee bond.cleavage, nin an adhesively bonded joint, a separation in thejoint caused by wedge or other crack-opening type action.(1994) (A)cleavage-peel strength, nthe force per unit width of bond-line required to produce progressive separation by wedg

45、e orother crack-opening type action of two adherends where oneor both undergo significant bending. (1994) (A)cleavage strength, nthe force per unit width of bond linerequired to produce progressive separation by wedge orother crack-opening type action of two adherends.closed assembly time, nthe time

46、 between the assembling ofadhesive-coated surfaces and the application of heat and/orpressure to set the adhesive.cohesion, nthe state in which the constituents of a mass ofmaterial are held together by chemical and physical forces.(1992) (R)cohesion failure; cohesive failure, nrupture of a bondedas

47、sembly in which the separation appears visually to be inthe adhesive or the adherend.cohesive blocking, nsee blocking.cold flowsee creep.cold pressing, na bonding operation in which an assembly issubjected to pressure without the application of heat.cold-setting adhesive, nan adhesive that sets with

48、out theapplication of heat.colophony, nsee rosin.condensation, na chemical reaction in which two or moremolecules combine with the separation of water or someother simple substance. (See also polymerization.)DISCUSSIONThe process is called polycondensation if a polymer isformed.conditioning time, ns

49、ee joint conditioning time. (See alsocuring time and setting time.)consistency, nthat property of a liquid adhesive by virtue ofwhich it tends to resist deformation. (See also viscosity andviscosity coefficient.)DISCUSSIONConsistency is not a fundamental property but iscomprised of viscosity, plasticity, and other phenomena.contact adhesive, nadhesive that is applied to both adher-ends and after a specified open assembly time will instantlydevelop a bond when a firm but not sustained