ASTM D975-2007b Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils《柴油机燃油用标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: D 975 07bAn American National StandardStandard Specification forDiesel Fuel Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 975; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A n

2、umber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers seven grades of diesel fuel

3、 oilssuitable for various types of diesel engines. These grades aredescribed as follows:1.1.1 Grade No. 1-D S15A special-purpose, light middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility thanthat provided by Grade No. 2-D S1

4、5 fuel.21.1.2 Grade No. 1-D S500Aspecial-purpose, light middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility thanthat provided by Grade No. 2-D S500 fuel.21.1.3 Grade No. 1-D S5000A special-purpose, lightmiddle distillate fue

5、l for use in diesel engine applicationsrequiring a fuel with 5000 ppm sulfur (maximum) and highervolatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S5000 fuels.1.1.4 Grade No. 2-D S15A general purpose, middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 15 ppm sulfur (maximu

6、m). It is especially suitable foruse in applications with conditions of varying speed and load.21.1.5 Grade No. 2-D S500A general-purpose, middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum). It is especially suitablefor use in applications with

7、conditions of varying speed andload.21.1.6 Grade No. 2-D S5000A general-purpose, middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 5000 ppm sulfur (maximum), especially in conditionsof varying speed and load.1.1.7 Grade No. 4-DA heavy distillate fuel, or a blend ofdist

8、illate and residual oil, for use in low- and medium-speeddiesel engines in applications involving predominantly con-stant speed and load.NOTE 1Amore detailed description of the grades of diesel fuel oils isgiven in X1.2.NOTE 2The Sxxx designation has been adopted to distinguish gradesby sulfur rathe

9、r than using words such as “Low Sulfur” as previouslybecause the number of sulfur grades is growing and the word descriptionswere thought to be not precise. S5000 grades correspond to the so-called“regular” sulfur grades, the previous No. 1-D and No. 2-D. S500 gradescorrespond to the previous “Low S

10、ulfur” grades. S15 grades were not inthe previous grade system and are commonly referred to as “Ultra-LowSulfur” grades or ULSD.1.2 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agree-ment between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes therequired properties of diesel fuels at the time and pl

11、ace ofdelivery.1.2.1 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observanceof federal, state, or local regulations which may be morerestrictive.NOTE 3The generation and dissipation of static electricity can createproblems in the handling of distillate diesel fuel oils. For more informa-tion on the

12、subject, see Guide D 4865.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Prod

13、ucts atAtmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD 129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-eral Bomb Method)D 130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper fromPetroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of

14、 Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D 482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.E0.02 on Diesel Fuel Oils

15、.Current edition approved July 15, 2007. Published August 2007. Originallyapproved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D 97507a.2This fuel complies with 40 CFR Part 80Control of Air Pollution from NewMotor Vehicles: HeavyDuty Engines and Vehicle Standards and Highway DieselFuel Sulfur

16、 Control Requirements: Final Rule. Regulation of Fuels and FuelAdditives: Fuel Quality Regulations for Highway Diesel Fuel Sold in 1993 andLater Calendar Years.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of

17、 ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D 524 Test Method fo

18、r Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD 613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD 1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products(Lamp Method)D 1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in LiquidPetroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD 1552 Test Method for Sulfur

19、in Petroleum Products(High-Temperature Method)D 1796 Test Method forWater and Sediment in Fuel Oils bythe Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)D 2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of DistillateFuel Oil (Accelerated Method)D 2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD 2622 Test M

20、ethod for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD 2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD 2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD 2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution ofPetroleum Fractions by Gas

21、ChromatographyD3117 Test Method for WaxAppearance Point of DistillateFuelsD 3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometryD 3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale ClosedCup TesterD 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Pet

22、roleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD 4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace Co

23、ntaminationD 4539 Test Method for Filterability of Diesel Fuels byLow-Temperature Flow Test (LTFT)D 4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by FourVariable EquationD 4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of StaticElectricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD 5453 Test Method for Determination of T

24、otal Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD 5771 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Optical Detection Stepped Cooling Method)D 5772 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Linear Cooling Rate Me

25、thod)D 5773 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Constant Cooling Rate Method)D 5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels forVolatility MeasurementD 5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of LiquidSamples of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD 6078 Test Method for Evaluating Lubrici

26、ty of DieselFuels by the Scuffing Load Ball-on-Cylinder LubricityEvaluator (SLBOCLE)D 6079 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of DieselFuels by the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR)D 6217 Test Method for Particulate Contamination inMiddle Distillate Fuels by Laboratory FiltrationD 6371 Test

27、Method for Cold Filter Plugging Point ofDiesel and Heating FuelsD 6468 Test Method for High Temperature Stability ofDistillate FuelsD 6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels andFuel SystemsD 6890 Test Method for Determination of Ignition Delayand Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oi

28、ls byCombustion in a Constant Volume ChamberD 6898 Test Method for Evaluating Diesel Fuel Lubricityby an Injection Pump Rig2.2 Other Documents:26 CFR Part 48 Manufacturers and Realtors Excise Taxes440 CFR Part 80 Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives43. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific

29、to This Standard:3.1.1 S(numerical specification maximum)indicates themaximum sulfur content, in weight ppm (g/g), allowed by thisspecification in a diesel fuel grade.3.1.1.1 DiscussionOf the seven diesel fuel grades speci-fied in this standard, six have important distinguishing maxi-mum sulfur regu

30、latory requirements.These are Grades No. 1-DS15, No. 1-D S500, No. 1-D S5000, No. 2-D S15, No. 2-DS500 and No. 2-D S5000. The seventh grade, No. 4-D, isdistinguished from these other grades by many major proper-ties in addition to sulfur (unregulated maximum), and thereforeis not included in this de

31、signation system.Thus, Grade No. 4-Ddoes not have the designation S20000 as part of its grade name.4. Sampling, Containers, and Sample Handling4.1 It is strongly advised to review all test methods prior tosampling to understand the importance and effects of samplingtechnique, proper containers, and

32、special handling required foreach test method.4.2 Correct sampling procedures are critical to obtaining arepresentative sample of the diesel fuel oil to be tested. Referto Appendix X2 for recommendations. The recommendedprocedures or practices provide techniques useful in the propersampling or handl

33、ing of diesel fuels.5. Test Methods5.1 The requirements enumerated in this specification shallbe determined in accordance with the following methods:5.1.1 Flash PointTest Methods D93, except where othermethods are prescribed by law. For all grades, Test MethodD 3828 may be used as an alternate with

34、the same limits. ForGrades No. 1-D S15, No. 1-D S500 , No. 1-D S5000, No. 2-D4Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 20402.D 975 07b2S15, No. 2-D S500, and No. 2-D S5000, Test Method D56may be used as an alternate with the same limits, provided the

35、flash point is below 93C and the viscosity is below 5.5 mm2/sat 40C. This test method will give slightly lower values. Incases of dispute,Test Methods D93shall be used as the refereemethod. Test Method D56can not be used as the alternatemethod for Grade No. 4-D because its minimum viscosity limitis

36、5.5 mm2/s at 40C.5.1.2 Cloud PointTest Method D 2500. For all fuel gradesin Table 1, the automatic Test Methods D 5771, D 5772,orD 5773 can be used as alternates with the same limits. TestMethod D3117can also be used since it is closely related toTest Method D 2500. In case of dispute, Test Method D

37、 2500shall be the referee method.5.1.3 Water and SedimentTest Method D 2709 is used forfuel Grades No. 1-D S15, No. 1-D S500, No. 1-D S5000, No.2-D S15, No. 2-D S500, and No. 2-D S5000. Test MethodD 1796 is used for Grade No. 4-D.5.1.4 Carbon ResidueTest Method D 524 is used for fuelGrades No. 1-D S

38、15, No. 1-D S500, No. 1-D S5000, No. 2-DTABLE 1 Detailed Requirements for Diesel Fuel OilsAPropertyASTMTestMethodBGradeNo. 1-DS15No. 1-DS500CNo. 1-DS5000DNo. 2-DS15No. 2-DS500C,ENo. 2-DS5000D,ENo. 4-DDFlash Point, C, min. D93 38 38 38 52E52E52E55Water and Sediment, % vol, max D 2709 0.05 0.05 0.05 0

39、.05 0.05 0.05 .D 1796 . . . . . . 0.50Distillation: one of the following requirements shall be met:1. Physical Distillation D86Distillation Temperature, C 90 % , % vol recoveredmin . . . 282E282E282E.max 288 288 288 338 338 338 .2. Simulated Distillation D 2887Distillation Temperature, C 90 %, % vol

40、 recoveredmin 300E300E300Emax 304 304 304 356 356 356Kinematic Viscosity, mm2/S at 40C D 445min 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.9E1.9E1.9E5.5max . 2.4 2.4 2.4 4.1 4.1 4.1 24.0Ash % mass, max D 482 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.10Sulfur, ppm (g/g)Fmax D 5453 15 . . 15 . . .% mass, max D 2622G. 0.05 . . 0.05 . .% mas

41、s, max D 129 . . 0.50 . . 0.50 2.00Copper strip corrosion rating, max(3 h at a minimum control temperature of 50C)D 130 No. 3 No. 3 No. 3 No. 3 No. 3 No. 3 .Cetane number, minHD 613 40I40I40I40I40I40I30IOne of the following properties mustbe met:(1) Cetane index, min. D 97680G40 40 . 40 40 . .(2) Ar

42、omaticity, % vol, max D 1319G35 35 . 35 35 . .Operability RequirementsCloud point, C, maxorD 2500JJJJJ J.LTFT/CFPP, C, max D 4539/D 6371Ramsbottom carbon residue on 10 %distillation residue, % mass, maxD 524 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.35 0.35 0.35 .Lubricity, HFRR 60C, micron, max D 6079 520 520 520 520 520 5

43、20 .ATo meet special operating conditions, modifications of individual limiting requirements may be agreed upon between purchaser, seller, and manufacturer.BThe test methods indicated are the approved referee methods. Other acceptable methods are indicated in 5.1.CUnder United States regulations, if

44、 Grades No. 1D S500 or No. 2D S500 are sold for tax exempt purposes then, at or beyond terminal storage tanks, they arerequired by 26 CFR Part 48 to contain the dye Solvent Red 164 at a concentration spectrally equivalent to 3.9 lb per thousand barrels of the solid dye standard SolventRed 26, or the

45、 tax must be collected.DUnder United States regulations, Grades No.1D S5000, No. 2D S5000, and No. 4D are required by 40 CFR Part 80 to contain a sufficient amount of the dye SolventRed 164 so its presence is visually apparent. At or beyond terminal storage tanks, they are required by 26 CFR Part 48

46、 to contain the dye Solvent Red 164 at aconcentration spectrally equivalent to 3.9 lb per thousand barrels of the solid dye standard Solvent Red 26.EWhen a cloud point less than 12C is specified, as can occur during cold months, it is permitted and normal blending practice to combine Grades No. 1 an

47、d No. 2to meet the low temperature requirements. In that case, the minimum flash point shall be 38C, the minimum viscosity at 40C shall be 1.7 mm2/s, and the minimum 90 %recovered temperature shall be waived.FOther sulfur limits can apply in selected areas in the United States and in other countries

48、.GThese test methods are specified in 40 CFR Part 80.HWhere cetane number by Test Method D 613 is not available, Test Method D 4737 can be used as an approximation.ILow ambient temperatures as well as engine operation at high altitudes may require the use of fuels with higher cetane ratings.JIt is u

49、nrealistic to specify low temperature properties that will ensure satisfactory operation at all ambient conditions. In general, cloud point (or wax appearance point)Low Temperature Flow Test, and Cold Filter Plugging Point Test may be used as an estimate of operating temperature limits for Grades No. 1D S500; No. 2D S500;and No. 1D S5000 and No. 2D S5000 diesel fuel oils. However, satisfactory operation below the cloud point (or wax appearance point) may be achieved dependingon equipment design, operating conditions, and the use of flow-i