ASTM D975-2009b Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils.pdf

1、Designation: D 975 09bStandard Specification forDiesel Fuel Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 975; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicate

2、s the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers seven grades of diesel fuel oilssuitable for various type

3、s of diesel engines. These grades aredescribed as follows:1.1.1 Grade No. 1-D S15A special-purpose, light middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility thanthat provided by Grade No. 2-D S15 fuel.21.1.2 Grade No. 1-D S5

4、00Aspecial-purpose, light middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility thanthat provided by Grade No. 2-D S500 fuel.21.1.3 Grade No. 1-D S5000A special-purpose, lightmiddle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine app

5、licationsrequiring a fuel with 5000 ppm sulfur (maximum) and highervolatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S5000 fuels.1.1.4 Grade No. 2-D S15A general purpose, middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum). It is especially suitable

6、foruse in applications with conditions of varying speed and load.21.1.5 Grade No. 2-D S500A general-purpose, middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum). It is especially suitablefor use in applications with conditions of varying speed an

7、dload.21.1.6 Grade No. 2-D S5000A general-purpose, middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 5000 ppm sulfur (maximum), especially in conditionsof varying speed and load.1.1.7 Grade No. 4-DA heavy distillate fuel, or a blend ofdistillate and residual oil, for u

8、se in low- and medium-speeddiesel engines in applications involving predominantly con-stant speed and load.NOTE 1Amore detailed description of the grades of diesel fuel oils isgiven in X1.2.NOTE 2The Sxxx designation has been adopted to distinguish gradesby sulfur rather than using words such as “Lo

9、w Sulfur” as previouslybecause the number of sulfur grades is growing and the word descriptionswere thought to be not precise. S5000 grades correspond to the so-called“regular” sulfur grades, the previous No. 1-D and No. 2-D. S500 gradescorrespond to the previous “Low Sulfur” grades. S15 grades were

10、 not inthe previous grade system and are commonly referred to as “Ultra-LowSulfur” grades or ULSD.1.2 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agree-ment between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes therequired properties of diesel fuels at the time and place ofdelivery.1.2.1 Nothing i

11、n this specification shall preclude observanceof federal, state, or local regulations which can be morerestrictive.NOTE 3The generation and dissipation of static electricity can createproblems in the handling of distillate diesel fuel oils. For more informa-tion on the subject, see Guide D 4865.1.3

12、The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD93

13、Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD 129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-eral Bomb Method)D 130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper fromPetroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids

14、(and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D 482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.E0.02 on Diesel Fuel Oils.Current edition approved July

15、1, 2009. Published August 2009. Originallyapproved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D 97509a.2This fuel complies with 40 CFR Part 80Control of Air Pollution from NewMotor Vehicles: HeavyDuty Engines and Vehicle Standards and Highway DieselFuel Sulfur Control Requirements: Final Rul

16、e. Regulation of Fuels and FuelAdditives: Fuel Quality Regulations for Highway Diesel Fuel Sold in 1993 andLater Calendar Years.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informatio

17、n, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D 524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPe

18、troleum ProductsD 613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD 1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products(Lamp Method)D 1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in LiquidPetroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD 1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products(High-Tempe

19、rature Method)D 1796 Test Method forWater and Sediment in Fuel Oils bythe Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)D 2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of DistillateFuel Oil (Accelerated Method)D 2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Pr

20、oducts byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD 2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Avia-tion and Distillate FuelsD 2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD 2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD 2887 Test Method for Boiling

21、 Range Distribution ofPetroleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD3117 Test Method for WaxAppearance Point of DistillateFuelsD 3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometryD 3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale ClosedCup

22、 TesterD 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD 4306 Practice for Aviation Fue

23、l Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD 4308 Test Method for Electrical Conductivity of LiquidHydrocarbons by Precision MeterD 4539 Test Method for Filterability of Diesel Fuels byLow-Temperature Flow Test (LTFT)D 4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by FourVariable Equ

24、ationD 4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of StaticElectricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD 5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD 5771 Test Method for Cloud Point of Pet

25、roleum Products(Optical Detection Stepped Cooling Method)D 5772 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Linear Cooling Rate Method)D 5773 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Constant Cooling Rate Method)D 5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels forVolatility Measurem

26、entD 5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of LiquidSamples of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD 6078 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of DieselFuels by the Scuffing Load Ball-on-Cylinder LubricityEvaluator (SLBOCLE)D 6079 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of DieselFuels by the High-Frequency

27、 Reciprocating Rig (HFRR)D 6217 Test Method for Particulate Contamination inMiddle Distillate Fuels by Laboratory FiltrationD 6371 Test Method for Cold Filter Plugging Point ofDiesel and Heating FuelsD 6468 Test Method for High Temperature Stability ofMiddle Distillate FuelsD 6469 Guide for Microbia

28、l Contamination in Fuels andFuel SystemsD 6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock(B100) for Middle Distillate FuelsD 6890 Test Method for Determination of Ignition Delayand Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils byCombustion in a Constant Volume ChamberD 6898 Test Method for Evalu

29、ating Diesel Fuel Lubricityby an Injection Pump RigD 7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline and Diesel Fuelby Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluores-cence SpectrometryD 7170 Test Method for Determination of Derived CetaneNumber (DCN) of Diesel Fuel OilsFixed Range Injec-tion Period, Cons

30、tant Volume Combustion ChamberMethod2.2 Other Documents:26 CFR Part 48 Manufacturers and Realtors Excise Taxes440 CFR Part 80 Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives4API RP 2003 Protection Against Ignitions Arising Out ofStatic, Lightning, and Stray Currents5EN 14078 Liquid petroleum products - Deter

31、mination offatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in middle distillates -Infrared spectroscopy method63. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 biodiesel, nfuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters oflong chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animalfats, designated B100.3.1.2 biodiesel blend (BXX), nblend o

32、f biodiesel fuel withdiesel fuel oils.3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn the abbreviation, BXX, the XXrepresents the volume percentage of biodiesel fuel in the blend.3.1.3 switch loading, nin the liquid petroleum fuels in-dustry, the act of loading an empty or near-empty tank or cargocompartment, such as a tanker

33、 truck, rail car or barge with amiddle distillate fuel without prior compartment cleaningtreatment, when the prior cargo was a high volatility, low flash4Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Docu-ments, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.5Availa

34、ble from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.6Available from the National CEN members listed on the CEN website(www.cenorm.be) or from the CEN/TC 19 Secretariat (astm.nen.nl).D 975 09b2point flammable fuel such as gasoline. T

35、he reverse procedure,that is, loading gasoline after a prior load of diesel is also calledswitch loading.3.1.3.1 DiscussionSince middle distillate fuels have flashpoints above 38C, during normal distribution of these fuels,the atmosphere above the fuels in the compartment is normallybelow the lower

36、explosive limit, so there is low risk of fire orexplosion should an electrostatic discharge (spark) occur.However, when the previous load in the compartment was avolatile, flammable fuel such as gasoline, and some residualgasoline remains in the compartment, and the compartment isfull of air and fue

37、l vapor (that is, not purged with an inert gas),then there is a risk that the atmosphere in the container beingfilled could be in the explosive range creating a hazard shouldan electrostatic discharge occur. Switch loading also refers tothe reverse situation when light distillate (for example, gaso-

38、line) is loaded into a compartment with a prior cargo of middledistillate fuel (for example, diesel), although the former situa-tion presents a possibly greater hazard.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 S(numerical specification maximum)indicates themaximum sulfur content, in w

39、eight ppm (g/g), allowed by thisspecification in a diesel fuel grade.3.2.1.1 DiscussionOf the seven diesel fuel grades speci-fied in this standard, six have important distinguishing maxi-mum sulfur regulatory requirements.These are Grades No. 1-DS15, No. 1-D S500, No. 1-D S5000, No. 2-D S15, No. 2-D

40、S500 and No. 2-D S5000. The seventh grade, No. 4-D, isdistinguished from these other grades by many major proper-ties in addition to sulfur (unregulated maximum), and thereforeis not included in this designation system.Thus, Grade No. 4-Ddoes not have the designation S20000 as part of its grade name

41、.4. Sampling, Containers, and Sample Handling4.1 It is strongly advised to review all test methods prior tosampling to understand the importance and effects of samplingtechnique, proper containers, and special handling required foreach test method.4.2 Correct sampling procedures are critical to obta

42、ining arepresentative sample of the diesel fuel oil to be tested. Referto Appendix X2 for recommendations. The recommendedprocedures or practices provide techniques useful in the propersampling or handling of diesel fuels.5. Test Methods5.1 The requirements enumerated in this specification shallbe d

43、etermined in accordance with the following methods:5.1.1 Flash PointTest Methods D93, except where othermethods are prescribed by law. For all grades, Test MethodD 3828 may be used as an alternate with the same limits. ForGrades No. 1-D S15, No. 1-D S500 , No. 1-D S5000, No. 2-DS15, No. 2-D S500, an

44、d No. 2-D S5000, Test Method D56may be used as an alternate with the same limits, provided theflash point is below 93C and the viscosity is below 5.5 mm2/sat 40C. This test method will give slightly lower values. Incases of dispute,Test Methods D93shall be used as the refereemethod. Test Method D56m

45、ay not be used as the alternatemethod for Grade No. 4-D because its minimum viscosity limitis 5.5 mm2/s at 40C.5.1.2 Cloud PointTest Method D 2500. For all fuel gradesin Table 1, the automatic Test Methods D 5771, D 5772,orD 5773 can be used as alternates with the same limits. TestMethod D3117can al

46、so be used since it is closely related toTest Method D 2500. In case of dispute, Test Method D 2500shall be the referee method.5.1.3 Water and SedimentTest Method D 2709 is used forfuel Grades No. 1-D S15, No. 1-D S500, No. 1-D S5000, No.2-D S15, No. 2-D S500, and No. 2-D S5000. Test MethodD 1796 is

47、 used for Grade No. 4-D.5.1.4 Carbon ResidueTest Method D 524 is used for fuelGrades No. 1-D S15, No. 1-D S500, No. 1-D S5000, No. 2-DS15, No. 2-D S500 and No. 2-D S5000. Grade No. 4-D doesnot have a limit for carbon residue.5.1.5 AshTest Method D 482 is used for all grades inTable 1.5.1.6 Distillat

48、ionTest Method D86 is used for GradesNo. 1-D S15, No. 1-D S500, No. 1-D S5000, No. 2-D S15, No.2-D S500, and No. 2-D S5000. For all grades, Test MethodD 2887 can be used as an alternate. Results from Test MethodD 2887 shall be reported as “Predicted D86” results byapplication of the correlation in A

49、ppendix X5 of Test MethodD 2887 to convert the values. In case of dispute, Test MethodD86shall be the referee method. Grade No. 4-D does not havedistillation requirements.5.1.7 ViscosityTest Method D 445 is used for all fuelgrades in Table 1.5.1.8 SulfurThe following list shows the referee testmethods and alternate test methods for sulfur, the range overwhich each test method applies and the corresponding fuelgrades.SulfurTest MethodRange GradesD 129(referee)0.1 mass % No. 1-D S5000, No. 2-D S5000,No. 4-DD 1266 0.0005 to 0.4 mass %5 to 4000 mg/kg (w