ASTM D975-2010a Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils.pdf

1、Designation: D975 10aStandard Specification forDiesel Fuel Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D975; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates

2、the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers seven grades of diesel fuel oilssuitable for various types

3、of diesel engines. These grades aredescribed as follows:1.1.1 Grade No. 1-D S15A special-purpose, light middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility thanthat provided by Grade No. 2-D S15 fuel.21.1.2 Grade No. 1-D S500

4、Aspecial-purpose, light middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility thanthat provided by Grade No. 2-D S500 fuel.21.1.3 Grade No. 1-D S5000A special-purpose, lightmiddle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine appli

5、cationsrequiring a fuel with 5000 ppm sulfur (maximum) and highervolatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S5000 fuels.1.1.4 Grade No. 2-D S15A general purpose, middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum). It is especially suitable fo

6、ruse in applications with conditions of varying speed and load.21.1.5 Grade No. 2-D S500A general-purpose, middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum). It is especially suitablefor use in applications with conditions of varying speed andl

7、oad.21.1.6 Grade No. 2-D S5000A general-purpose, middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 5000 ppm sulfur (maximum), especially in conditionsof varying speed and load.1.1.7 Grade No. 4-DA heavy distillate fuel, or a blend ofdistillate and residual oil, for use

8、 in low- and medium-speeddiesel engines in applications involving predominantly con-stant speed and load.NOTE 1Amore detailed description of the grades of diesel fuel oils isgiven in X1.2.NOTE 2The Sxxx designation has been adopted to distinguish gradesby sulfur rather than using words such as “Low

9、Sulfur” as previouslybecause the number of sulfur grades is growing and the word descriptionswere thought to be not precise. S5000 grades correspond to the so-called“regular” sulfur grades, the previous No. 1-D and No. 2-D. S500 gradescorrespond to the previous “Low Sulfur” grades. S15 grades were n

10、ot inthe previous grade system and are commonly referred to as “Ultra-LowSulfur” grades or ULSD.1.2 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agree-ment between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes therequired properties of diesel fuels at the time and place ofdelivery.1.2.1 Nothing in

11、this specification shall preclude observanceof federal, state, or local regulations which can be morerestrictive.NOTE 3The generation and dissipation of static electricity can createproblems in the handling of distillate diesel fuel oils. For more informa-tion on the subject, see Guide D4865.1.3 The

12、 values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD93 Tes

13、t Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-eral Bomb Method)D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Pe-troleum Products by Copper Strip TestD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and

14、 Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.E0.02 on Diesel Fuel Oils.Current edition approved July 1, 20

15、10. Published August 2010. Originallyapproved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D97510. DOI:10.1520/D0975-10a.2This fuel complies with 40 CFR Part 80Control of Air Pollution from NewMotor Vehicles: HeavyDuty Engines and Vehicle Standards and Highway DieselFuel Sulfur Control Require

16、ments: Final Rule. Regulation of Fuels and FuelAdditives: Fuel Quality Regulations for Highway Diesel Fuel Sold in 1993 andLater Calendar Years.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards v

17、olume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carb

18、on Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products(Lamp Method)D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in LiquidPetroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products

19、(High-Temperature Method)D1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils bythe Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)D2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of DistillateFuel Oil (Accelerated Method)D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petr

20、oleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity ofAviationand Distillate FuelsD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD2887 Test Method for Boilin

21、g Range Distribution ofPetroleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD3117 Test Method for Wax Appearance Point of DistillateFuels4D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometryD3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale ClosedCu

22、p TesterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel S

23、ample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4308 Test Method for Electrical Conductivity of LiquidHydrocarbons by Precision MeterD4539 Test Method for Filterability of Diesel Fuels byLow-Temperature Flow Test (LTFT)D4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by FourVariable EquationD

24、4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of StaticElectricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD5304 Test Method for Assessing Middle Distillate FuelStorage Stability by Oxygen OverpressureD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fue

25、l, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5771 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Optical Detection Stepped Cooling Method)D5772 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Linear Cooling Rate Method)D5773 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Constant Cooling Ra

26、te Method)D5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels forVolatility MeasurementD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samplesof Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD6078 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of DieselFuels by the Scuffing Load Ball-on-Cylinder LubricityEvaluator (SLBOCLE)

27、D6079 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of DieselFuels by the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR)D6217 Test Method for Particulate Contamination inMiddle Distillate Fuels by Laboratory FiltrationD6371 Test Method for Cold Filter Plugging Point of Dieseland Heating FuelsD6468 Test Method for H

28、igh Temperature Stability ofMiddle Distillate FuelsD6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels andFuel SystemsD6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100)for Middle Distillate FuelsD6890 Test Method for Determination of Ignition Delayand Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel O

29、ils byCombustion in a Constant Volume ChamberD6898 Test Method for Evaluating Diesel Fuel Lubricity byan Injection Pump RigD7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline and Diesel Fuelby Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluores-cence SpectrometryD7170 Test Method for Determination of Derived Cet

30、aneNumber (DCN) of Diesel Fuel OilsFixed Range Injec-tion Period, Constant Volume Combustion ChamberMethodD7371 Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (FattyAcid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using MidInfrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)E29 Practice for Using Significant Digit

31、s in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.2 Other Documents:26 CFR Part 48 Manufacturers and Realtors Excise Taxes540 CFR Part 80 Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives5API RP 2003 Protection Against Ignitions Arising Out ofStatic, Lightning, and Stray Currents6EN 14078 Liquid petr

32、oleum products - Determination offatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in middle distillates -Infrared spectroscopy method73. Terminology3.1 Definitions:4Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.5Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superinte

33、ndent of Docu-ments, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.6Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.7Available from the National CEN members listed on the CEN website(www.cenorm.be) or from t

34、he CEN/TC 19 Secretariat (astm.nen.nl).D975 10a23.1.1 biodiesel, nfuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters oflong chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animalfats, designated B100.3.1.2 biodiesel blend (BXX), nblend of biodiesel fuel withdiesel fuel oils.3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn the abbreviation,

35、BXX, the XXrepresents the volume percentage of biodiesel fuel in the blend.3.1.3 switch loading, nof liquid fuels, the practice ofloading low vapor pressure product (e.g., diesel fuel) into anempty or near-empty fixed or portable container that previouslyheld a high or intermediate vapor pressure pr

36、oduct (such asgasoline or solvent) without prior compartment cleaning treat-ment and inert gas purging; and the reverse procedure where ahigh vapor pressure product is added to a container thatpreviously held a low vapor pressure product.3.1.3.1 DiscussionSince middle distillate fuels have flashpoin

37、ts above 38C, during normal distribution of these fuels,the atmosphere above the fuels in a container such as a tankertruck, rail car, or barge, is normally below the lower explosivelimit, so there is low risk of fire or explosion should anelectrostatic discharge (spark) occur. However, when the pre

38、-vious load in the compartment was a volatile, flammable fuelsuch as gasoline, and if some residual fuel vapor or mistremains in the compartment, and the container has a mixture ofair and fuel vapor or mist (that is, not purged with an inert gas),then there is a risk that the atmosphere in the conta

39、iner beingfilled could be in the explosive range creating a hazard shouldan electrostatic discharge occur.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 S(numerical specification maximum)indicates themaximum sulfur content, in weight ppm (g/g), allowed by thisspecification in a diesel fuel

40、 grade.3.2.1.1 DiscussionOf the seven diesel fuel grades speci-fied in this standard, six have important distinguishing maxi-mum sulfur regulatory requirements.These are Grades No. 1-DS15, No. 1-D S500, No. 1-D S5000, No. 2-D S15, No. 2-DS500 and No. 2-D S5000. The seventh grade, No. 4-D, isdistingu

41、ished from these other grades by many major proper-ties in addition to sulfur (unregulated maximum), and thereforeis not included in this designation system.Thus, Grade No. 4-Ddoes not have the designation S20000 as part of its grade name.4. Sampling, Containers, and Sample Handling4.1 It is strongl

42、y advised to review all test methods prior tosampling to understand the importance and effects of samplingtechnique, proper containers, and special handling required foreach test method.4.2 Correct sampling procedures are critical to obtaining arepresentative sample of the diesel fuel oil to be test

43、ed. Referto Appendix X2 for recommendations. The recommendedprocedures or practices provide techniques useful in the propersampling or handling of diesel fuels.5. Test Methods5.1 The requirements enumerated in this specification shallbe determined in accordance with the following methods:5.1.1 Flash

44、 PointTest Methods D93, except where othermethods are prescribed by law. For all grades, Test MethodD3828 may be used as an alternate with the same limits. ForGrades No. 1-D S15, No. 1-D S500 , No. 1-D S5000, No. 2-DS15, No. 2-D S500, and No. 2-D S5000, Test Method D56 maybe used as an alternate wit

45、h the same limits, provided the flashpoint is below 93C and the viscosity is below 5.5 mm2/s at40C. This test method will give slightly lower values. In casesof dispute, Test Methods D93 shall be used as the refereemethod. Test Method D56 may not be used as the alternatemethod for Grade No. 4-D beca

46、use its minimum viscosity limitis 5.5 mm2/s at 40C.5.1.2 Cloud PointTest Method D2500. For all fuel gradesin Table 1, the automatic Test Methods D5771, D5772,orD5773 can be used as alternates with the same limits. TestMethod D3117 can also be used since it is closely related toTest Method D2500. In

47、case of dispute, Test Method D2500shall be the referee method.5.1.3 Water and SedimentTest Method D2709 is used forfuel Grades No. 1-D S15, No. 1-D S500, No. 1-D S5000, No.2-D S15, No. 2-D S500, and No. 2-D S5000. Test MethodD1796 is used for Grade No. 4-D.5.1.4 Carbon ResidueTest Method D524 is use

48、d for fuelGrades No. 1-D S15, No. 1-D S500, No. 1-D S5000, No. 2-DS15, No. 2-D S500 and No. 2-D S5000. Grade No. 4-D doesnot have a limit for carbon residue.5.1.5 AshTest Method D482 is used for all grades inTable1.5.1.6 DistillationTest Method D86 is used for Grades No.1-D S15, No. 1-D S500, No. 1-

49、D S5000, No. 2-D S15, No. 2-DS500, and No. 2-D S5000. For all grades, Test Method D2887can be used as an alternate. Results from Test Method D2887shall be reported as “Predicted D86” results by application ofthe correlation in Appendix X5 of Test Method D2887 toconvert the values. In case of dispute, Test Method D86 shallbe the referee method. Grade No. 4-D does not have distillationrequirements.5.1.7 ViscosityTest Method D445 is used for all fuelgrades in Table 1.5.1.8 SulfurThe following list shows the referee testmethods and alternate test method