ASTM D975-2011b Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils《柴油的标准规格》.pdf

1、Designation:D97511a Designation: D975 11bStandard Specification forDiesel Fuel Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D975; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in pa

2、rentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers seven grades of diesel fuel oils suitab

3、le for various types of diesel engines. These grades aredescribed as follows:1.1.1 Grade No. 1-D S15A special-purpose, light middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuelwith 15 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S15 fuel.21

4、.1.2 Grade No. 1-D S500A special-purpose, light middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuelwith 500 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S500 fuel.21.1.3 Grade No. 1-D S5000Aspecial-purpose, light middle distillate fuel for

5、use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuelwith 5000 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S5000 fuels.1.1.4 Grade No. 2-D S15A general purpose, middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with15 ppm sulfur (maximum).

6、It is especially suitable for use in applications with conditions of varying speed and load.21.1.5 Grade No. 2-D S500A general-purpose, middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with500 ppm sulfur (maximum). It is especially suitable for use in applications with c

7、onditions of varying speed and load.21.1.6 Grade No. 2-D S5000Ageneral-purpose, middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with5000 ppm sulfur (maximum), especially in conditions of varying speed and load.1.1.7 Grade No. 4-DA heavy distillate fuel, or a blend of di

8、stillate and residual oil, for use in low- and medium-speed dieselengines in applications involving predominantly constant speed and load.NOTE 1A more detailed description of the grades of diesel fuel oils is given in X1.2.NOTE 2The Sxxx designation has been adopted to distinguish grades by sulfur r

9、ather than using words such as “Low Sulfur” as previously becausethe number of sulfur grades is growing and the word descriptions were thought to be not precise. S5000 grades correspond to the so-called “regular” sulfurgrades, the previous No. 1-D and No. 2-D. S500 grades correspond to the previous

10、“Low Sulfur” grades. S15 grades were not in the previous grade systemand are commonly referred to as “Ultra-Low Sulfur” grades or ULSD.1.2 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the requiredproperties of diesel fuels at the time

11、and place of delivery.1.2.1 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which can be more restrictive.NOTE 3The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate diesel fuel oils. For more informatio

12、n onthe subject, see Guide D4865.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD86 Test Method for Distillation of Petrol

13、eum Products at Atmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup TesterD129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test1This

14、specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.E0 onBurner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.Current edition approved Nov. 15,Dec. 1, 2011. Published February 2012. Originally a

15、pproved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D97511a. DOI:10.1520/D0975-11aB.2This fuel complies with 40 CFR Part 80Control of Air Pollution from New Motor Vehicles: HeavyDuty Engines and Vehicle Standards and Highway Diesel FuelSulfur Control Requirements: Final Rule. Regulation of Fu

16、els and FuelAdditives: Fuel Quality Regulations for Highway Diesel Fuel Sold in 1993 and Later Calendar Years.3For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the stan

17、dards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurat

18、ely, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor D

19、rive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum ProductsD613

20、 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (High-Temperature Method)D1796 T

21、est Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)D2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength D

22、ispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate FuelsD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by CentrifugeD2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Pe

23、troleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD3117 Test Method for Wax Appearance Point of Distillate FuelsD3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative MicrocoulometryD3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup TesterD4057 Practice f

24、or Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for T

25、ests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4308 Test Method for Electrical Conductivity of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Precision MeterD4539 Test Method for Filterability of Diesel Fuels by Low-Temperature Flow Test (LTFT)D4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable EquationD4865 Guide for Gen

26、eration and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD5304 Test Method for Assessing Middle Distillate Fuel Storage Stability by Oxygen OverpressureD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,and Engine O

27、il by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5771 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products (Optical Detection Stepped Cooling Method)D5772 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products (Linear Cooling Rate Method)D5773 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products (Constant Cooling Rate Method)D5

28、842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility MeasurementD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD6078 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the Scuffing Load Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator(SLBOCLE)D6079 Tes

29、t Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR)D6217 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Middle Distillate Fuels by Laboratory FiltrationD6371 Test Method for Cold Filter Plugging Point of Diesel and Heating FuelsD6468 Test Method for High Te

30、mperature Stability of Middle Distillate FuelsD6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel SystemsD6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate FuelsD6890 Test Method for Determination of Ignition Delay and Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oil

31、s byCombustion in a Constant Volume ChamberD6898 Test Method for Evaluating Diesel Fuel Lubricity by an Injection Pump RigD7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline and Diesel Fuel by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray FluorescenceSpectrometryD7170 Test Method for Determination of Derived Cetan

32、e Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel OilsFixed Range Injection Period,Constant Volume Combustion Chamber MethodD7371 Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using Mid InfraredSpectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)D7619 Test Method for Sizing and Counting

33、 Particles in Light and Middle Distillate Fuels, by Automatic Particle CounterD7688 Test Method Forfor Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) by VisualObservationE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specific

34、ations2.2 Other Documents:D975 11b226 CFR Part 48 Manufacturers and Realtors Excise Taxes440 CFR Part 80 Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives4API RP 2003 Protection Against Ignitions Arising Out of Static, Lightning, and Stray Currents5EN 14078 Liquid petroleum products - Determination of fatty ac

35、id methyl esters (FAME) in middle distillates - Infraredspectroscopy method63. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 biodiesel, nfuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats,designated B100.3.1.2 biodiesel blend (BXX), nblend of biodiesel fuel w

36、ith diesel fuel oils.3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn the abbreviation, BXX, the XX represents the volume percentage of biodiesel fuel in the blend.3.1.3 switch loading, nof liquid fuels, the practice of loading low vapor pressure product (for example, diesel fuel) into anempty or near-empty fixed or portable c

37、ontainer that previously held a high or intermediate vapor pressure product (such asgasoline or solvent) without prior compartment cleaning treatment and inert gas purging; and the reverse procedure where a highvapor pressure product is added to a container that previously held a low vapor pressure

38、product.3.1.3.1 DiscussionSince middle distillate fuels have flash points above 38C, during normal distribution of these fuels, theatmosphere above the fuels in a container such as a tanker truck, rail car, or barge, is normally below the lower explosive limit,so there is low risk of fire or explosi

39、on should an electrostatic discharge (spark) occur. However, when the previous load in thecompartment was a volatile, flammable fuel such as gasoline, and if some residual fuel vapor or mist remains in the compartment,and the container has a mixture of air and fuel vapor or mist (that is, not purged

40、 with an inert gas), then there is a risk that theatmosphere in the container being filled could be in the explosive range creating a hazard should an electrostatic discharge occur.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 hydrocarbon oil, nhomogeneous mixture or solution with element

41、al composition primarily of carbon and hydrogen andalso containing sulfur consistent with the limits in Table 1, oxygen or nitrogen from residual impurities and contaminants andexcluding intentionally added oxygenated materials. (See Note 5.)3.2.1.1 DiscussionNeither macro nor micro water emulsions

42、are included in this definition since neither are homogeneousmixtures or solutions.3.2.1.2 DiscussionExamples of excluded oxygenated materials are alcohols, esters, ethers and triglycerides.3.2.2 S(numerical specification maximum)indicates the maximum sulfur content, in weight ppm (g/g), allowed by

43、thisspecification in a diesel fuel grade.3.2.2.1 DiscussionOf the seven diesel fuel grades specified in this standard, six have important distinguishing maximumsulfur regulatory requirements. These are Grades No. 1-D S15, No. 1-D S500, No. 1-D S5000, No. 2-D S15, No. 2-D S500 andNo. 2-D S5000.The se

44、venth grade, No. 4-D, is distinguished from these other grades by many major properties in addition to sulfur(unregulated maximum), and therefore is not included in this designation system. Thus, Grade No. 4-D does not have thedesignation S20000 as part of its grade name.4. Sampling, Containers, and

45、 Sample Handling4.1 It is strongly advised to review all test methods prior to sampling to understand the importance and effects of samplingtechnique, proper containers, and special handling required for each test method.4.2 Correct sampling procedures are critical to obtaining a representative samp

46、le of the diesel fuel oil to be tested. Refer toAppendix X2 for recommendations. The recommended procedures or practices provide techniques useful in the proper samplingor handling of diesel fuels.5. Test Methods5.1 The requirements enumerated in this specification shall be determined in accordance

47、with the following methods:5.1.1 Flash PointTest Methods D93, except where other methods are prescribed by law. For all grades, Test Method D3828may be used as an alternate with the same limits. For Grades No. 1-D S15, No. 1-D S500 , No. 1-D S5000, No. 2-D S15, No. 2-DS500, and No. 2-D S5000, Test M

48、ethod D56 may be used as an alternate with the same limits, provided the flash point is below93C and the viscosity is below 5.5 mm2/s at 40C. This test method will give slightly lower values. In cases of dispute, TestMethods D93 shall be used as the referee method. Test Method D56 may not be used as

49、 the alternate method for Grade No. 4-Dbecause its minimum viscosity limit is 5.5 mm2/s at 40C.5.1.2 Cloud PointTest Method D2500. For all fuel grades in Table 1, the automatic Test Methods D5771, D5772, or D5773can be used as alternates with the same limits. Test Method D3117 can also be used since it is closely related to Test MethodD2500. In case of dispute, Test Method D2500 shall be the referee method.4Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.5Available