ASTM D975-2012a Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils《柴油的标准规格》.pdf

1、Designation: D975 12aStandard Specification forDiesel Fuel Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D975; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates

2、the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers seven grades of diesel fuel oilssuitable for various types

3、of diesel engines. These grades aredescribed as follows:1.1.1 Grade No. 1-D S15A special-purpose, light middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility thanthat provided by Grade No. 2-D S15 fuel.21.1.2 Grade No. 1-D S500

4、Aspecial-purpose, light middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility thanthat provided by Grade No. 2-D S500 fuel.21.1.3 Grade No. 1-D S5000A special-purpose, lightmiddle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine appli

5、cationsrequiring a fuel with 5000 ppm sulfur (maximum) and highervolatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S5000 fuels.1.1.4 Grade No. 2-D S15A general purpose, middle dis-tillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuelwith 15 ppm sulfur (maximum). It is especially suitable

6、for usein applications with conditions of varying speed and load.21.1.5 Grade No. 2-D S500A general-purpose, middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum). It is especially suitablefor use in applications with conditions of varying speed an

7、dload.21.1.6 Grade No. 2-D S5000A general-purpose, middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 5000 ppm sulfur (maximum), especially in conditionsof varying speed and load.1.1.7 Grade No. 4-DA heavy distillate fuel, or a blend ofdistillate and residual oil, for u

8、se in low- and medium-speeddiesel engines in applications involving predominantly con-stant speed and load.NOTE 1Amore detailed description of the grades of diesel fuel oils isgiven in X1.2.NOTE 2The Sxxx designation has been adopted to distinguish gradesby sulfur rather than using words such as “Lo

9、w Sulfur” as previouslybecause the number of sulfur grades is growing and the word descriptionswere thought to be not precise. S5000 grades correspond to the so-called“regular” sulfur grades, the previous No. 1-D and No. 2-D. S500 gradescorrespond to the previous “Low Sulfur” grades. S15 grades were

10、 not inthe previous grade system and are commonly referred to as “Ultra-LowSulfur” grades or ULSD.1.2 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agree-ment between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes therequired properties of diesel fuels at the time and place ofdelivery.1.2.1 Nothing i

11、n this specification shall preclude observanceof federal, state, or local regulations which can be morerestrictive.NOTE 3The generation and dissipation of static electricity can createproblems in the handling of distillate diesel fuel oils. For more informa-tion on the subject, see Guide D4865.1.3 T

12、he values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD93 T

13、est Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-eral High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip Test1This specification is under the jurisdiction

14、of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012. Published December 2012. Originallyapproved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in

15、 2012 as D97512. DOI:10.1520/D0975-12A.2This fuel complies with 40 CFR Part 80Control of Air Pollution from NewMotor Vehicles: HeavyDuty Engines and Vehicle Standards and Highway DieselFuel Sulfur Control Requirements: Final Rule. Regulation of Fuels and FuelAdditives: Fuel Quality Regulations for H

16、ighway Diesel Fuel Sold in 1993 andLater Calendar Years.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Su

17、mmary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D482 Test Met

18、hod for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (LampMethod)D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petro-leum Products by Fluoresce

19、nt Indicator AdsorptionD1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (High-Temperature Method)D1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils bythe Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)D2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate FuelOil (Accelerated Method)D2500 Test Method

20、 for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviationand Distillate FuelsD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by Centrifu

21、geD2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Pe-troleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD3117 Test Method for Wax Appearance Point of DistillateFuels (Withdrawn 2010)4D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydroc

22、arbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometryD3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale ClosedCup TesterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumPr

23、oducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4308 Test Method for Electrical Conductivity of LiquidHydrocarbons by Precision MeterD4539 Test Method for Filterability of Diesel Fuels byLow-Tempe

24、rature Flow Test (LTFT)D4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by FourVariable EquationD4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Elec-tricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD5304 Test Method for Assessing Middle Distillate FuelStorage Stability by Oxygen OverpressureD5453 Test Method for

25、Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5771 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Optical Detection Stepped Cooling Method)D5772 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Linear

26、 Cooling Rate Method)D5773 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Constant Cooling Rate Method)D5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels forVolatility MeasurementD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samplesof Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD6078 Test Method for Evalua

27、ting Lubricity of Diesel Fuelsby the Scuffing Load Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evalua-tor (SLBOCLE)D6079 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuelsby the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR)D6217 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in MiddleDistillate Fuels by Laboratory Filtration

28、D6371 Test Method for Cold Filter Plugging Point of Dieseland Heating FuelsD6468 Test Method for High Temperature Stability ofMiddle Distillate FuelsD6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and FuelSystemsD6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100)for Middle Distillate FuelsD68

29、90 Test Method for Determination of Ignition Delay andDerived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils byCombustion in a Constant Volume ChamberD6898 Test Method for Evaluating Diesel Fuel Lubricity byan Injection Pump RigD7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline and Diesel Fuelby Monochromatic Wavele

30、ngth Dispersive X-ray Fluores-cence SpectrometryD7170 Test Method for Determination of Derived CetaneNumber (DCN) of Diesel Fuel OilsFixed Range Injec-tion Period, Constant Volume Combustion ChamberMethodD7345 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric Pressure (Micro Distillat

31、ion Method)D7371 Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (FattyAcid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using MidInfrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)D7467 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend(B6 to B20)D7619 Test Method for Sizing and Counting Particles inLight and Midd

32、le Distillate Fuels, by Automatic ParticleCounterD7688 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuelsby the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) byVisual ObservationE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.2 Other Documents:26 CFR P

33、art 48 Manufacturers and Realtors Excise Taxes540 CFR Part 80 Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives54The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.5Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent ofDocuments, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE

34、, Washington, DC 20401.D975 12a2API RP 2003 Protection Against Ignitions Arising Out ofStatic, Lightning, and Stray Currents6EN 14078 Liquid petroleum products - Determination offatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in middle distillates -Infrared spectroscopy method73. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 bi

35、odiesel, nfuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters oflong chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animalfats, designated B100.3.1.2 biodiesel blend (BXX), nblend of biodiesel fuel withdiesel fuel oils.3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn the abbreviation, BXX, the XX rep-resents the volume percentage of biodies

36、el fuel in the blend.3.1.3 switch loading, nof liquid fuels, the practice ofloading low vapor pressure product (for example, diesel fuel)into an empty or near-empty fixed or portable container thatpreviously held a high or intermediate vapor pressure product(such as gasoline or solvent) without prio

37、r compartmentcleaning treatment and inert gas purging; and the reverseprocedure where a high vapor pressure product is added to acontainer that previously held a low vapor pressure product.3.1.3.1 DiscussionSince middle distillate fuels have flashpoints above 38C, during normal distribution of these

38、 fuels,the atmosphere above the fuels in a container such as a tankertruck, rail car, or barge, is normally below the lower explosivelimit, so there is low risk of fire or explosion should anelectrostatic discharge (spark) occur. However, when the pre-vious load in the compartment was a volatile, fl

39、ammable fuelsuch as gasoline, and if some residual fuel vapor or mistremains in the compartment, and the container has a mixture ofair and fuel vapor or mist (that is, not purged with an inert gas),then there is a risk that the atmosphere in the container beingfilled could be in the explosive range

40、creating a hazard shouldan electrostatic discharge occur.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 hydrocarbon oil, nhomogeneous mixture or solutionwith elemental composition primarily of carbon and hydrogenand also containing sulfur, oxygen or nitrogen from residualimpurities and con

41、taminants and excluding added oxygenatedmaterials. (See Note 5.)3.2.1.1 DiscussionNeither macro nor micro emulsions areincluded in this definition since neither are homogeneousmixtures or solutions.3.2.1.2 DiscussionExamples of excluded oxygenated ma-terials are alcohols, esters, ethers and triglyce

42、rides.3.2.2 S(numerical specification maximum)indicates themaximum sulfur content, in weight ppm (g/g), allowed by thisspecification in a diesel fuel grade.3.2.2.1 DiscussionOf the seven diesel fuel grades speci-fied in this standard, six have important distinguishing maxi-mum sulfur regulatory requ

43、irements.These are Grades No. 1-DS15, No. 1-D S500, No. 1-D S5000, No. 2-D S15, No. 2-DS500 and No. 2-D S5000. The seventh grade, No. 4-D, isdistinguished from these other grades by many major proper-ties in addition to sulfur (unregulated maximum), and thereforeis not included in this designation s

44、ystem.Thus, Grade No. 4-Ddoes not have the designation S20000 as part of its grade name.4. Sampling, Containers, and Sample Handling4.1 It is strongly advised to review all test methods prior tosampling to understand the importance and effects of samplingtechnique, proper containers, and special han

45、dling required foreach test method.4.2 Correct sampling procedures are critical to obtaining arepresentative sample of the diesel fuel oil to be tested. Referto Appendix X2 for recommendations. The recommendedprocedures or practices provide techniques useful in the propersampling or handling of dies

46、el fuels.5. Test Methods5.1 The requirements enumerated in this specification shallbe determined in accordance with the following methods:5.1.1 Flash PointTest Methods D93, except where othermethods are prescribed by law. For all grades, Test MethodD3828 may be used as an alternate with the same lim

47、its. ForGrades No. 1-D S15, No. 1-D S500 , No. 1-D S5000, No. 2-DS15, No. 2-D S500, and No. 2-D S5000, Test Method D56 maybe used as an alternate with the same limits, provided the flashpoint is below 93C and the viscosity is below 5.5 mm2/s at40C. This test method will give slightly lower values. I

48、n casesof dispute, Test Methods D93 shall be used as the refereemethod. Test Method D56 may not be used as the alternatemethod for Grade No. 4-D because its minimum viscosity limitis 5.5 mm2/s at 40C.5.1.2 Cloud PointTest Method D2500. For all fuel gradesin Table 1, the automatic Test Methods D5771,

49、 D5772,orD5773 can be used as alternates with the same limits. TestMethod D3117 can also be used since it is closely related toTest Method D2500. In case of dispute, Test Method D2500shall be the referee method.5.1.3 Water and SedimentTest Method D2709 is used forfuel Grades No. 1-D S15, No. 1-D S500, No. 1-D S5000, No.2-D S15, No. 2-D S500, and No. 2-D S5000. Test MethodD1796 is used for Grade No. 4-D.5.1.4 Carbon ResidueTest Method D524 is used for fuelGrades No. 1-D S15, No. 1-D S500, No. 1-D S5000, No. 2-DS15, No. 2-D S500 and No. 2-D S5000. Grade