ASTM D975-2014b Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils《柴油燃料油的标准规格》.pdf

1、Designation: D975 14aD975 14bStandard Specification forDiesel Fuel Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D975; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses in

2、dicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers seven grades of diesel fuel oils suitable for

3、various types of diesel engines. These grades aredescribed as follows:1.1.1 Grade No. 1-D S15A special-purpose, light middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuelwith 15 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S15 fuel.21.1.2 Gr

4、ade No. 1-D S500A special-purpose, light middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuelwith 500 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S500 fuel.21.1.3 Grade No. 1-D S5000Aspecial-purpose, light middle distillate fuel for use in

5、diesel engine applications requiring a fuelwith 5000 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S5000 fuels.1.1.4 Grade No. 2-D S15A general purpose, middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with15 ppm sulfur (maximum). It is e

6、specially suitable for use in applications with conditions of varying speed and load.21.1.5 Grade No. 2-D S500A general-purpose, middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with500 ppm sulfur (maximum). It is especially suitable for use in applications with conditio

7、ns of varying speed and load.21.1.6 Grade No. 2-D S5000Ageneral-purpose, middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with5000 ppm sulfur (maximum), especially in conditions of varying speed and load.1.1.7 Grade No. 4-DA heavy distillate fuel, or a blend of distillat

8、e and residual oil, for use in low- and medium-speed dieselengines in applications involving predominantly constant speed and load.NOTE 1A more detailed description of the grades of diesel fuel oils is given in X1.2.NOTE 2The Sxxx designation has been adopted to distinguish grades by sulfur rather t

9、han using words such as “Low Sulfur” as previously becausethe number of sulfur grades is growing and the word descriptions were thought to be not precise. S5000 grades correspond to the so-called “regular” sulfurgrades, the previous No. 1-D and No. 2-D. S500 grades correspond to the previous “Low Su

10、lfur” grades. S15 grades were not in the previous grade systemand are commonly referred to as “Ultra-Low Sulfur” grades or ULSD.1.2 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the requiredproperties of diesel fuels at the time and pla

11、ce of delivery.1.2.1 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which can be more restrictive.NOTE 3The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate diesel fuel oils. For more information onthe

12、 subject, see Guide D4865.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Pro

13、ducts at Atmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup TesterD129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuel

14、s, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.Current edition approved July 1, 2014Dec. 1, 2014. Published July 2014February 2015. Originally approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2014 asD975 14.D9

15、75 14a. DOI: 10.1520/D0975-14A.10.1520/D0975-14b.2 This fuel complies with 40 CFR Part 80Control of Air Pollution from New Motor Vehicles: HeavyDuty Engines and Vehicle Standards and Highway Diesel FuelSulfur Control Requirements: Final Rule. Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives: Fuel Quality Regu

16、lations for Highway Diesel Fuel Sold in 1993 and Later Calendar Years.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM

17、 website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult

18、prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA

19、19428-2959. United States1D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD524 Test Method for Ram

20、sbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Pet

21、roleum Products (High-Temperature Method)D1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)D2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD2622 Test Method

22、for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate FuelsD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by CentrifugeD2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD2887

23、Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD3117 Test Method for Wax Appearance Point of Distillate Fuels (Withdrawn 2010)4D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative MicrocoulometryD3828 Test Method

24、s for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup TesterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Sp

25、ectrometryD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4308 Test Method for Electrical Conductivity of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Precision MeterD4539 Test Method for Filterability of Diesel Fuels by Low-Temperature Flow Test (LTFT)D4737 Test Method for Ca

26、lculated Cetane Index by Four Variable EquationD4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD5304 Test Method for Assessing Middle Distillate Fuel Storage Stability by Oxygen OverpressureD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydroca

27、rbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5771 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products (Optical Detection Stepped Cooling Method)D5772 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products (Linear Cooling Rate Method)D5773 Test Method for

28、Cloud Point of Petroleum Products (Constant Cooling Rate Method)D5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility MeasurementD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD6078 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the Sc

29、uffing Load Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator(SLBOCLE)D6079 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR)D6217 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Middle Distillate Fuels by Laboratory FiltrationD6304 Test Method for Determination of

30、Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric KarlFischer TitrationD6371 Test Method for Cold Filter Plugging Point of Diesel and Heating FuelsD6468 Test Method for High Temperature Stability of Middle Distillate FuelsD6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and

31、 Fuel SystemsD6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate FuelsD6890 Test Method for Determination of Ignition Delay and Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils by Combustionin a Constant Volume ChamberD6898 Test Method for Evaluating Diesel Fuel Lubricity

32、by an Injection Pump RigD7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline, Diesel Fuel, Jet Fuel, Kerosine, Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blends, and Gasoline-EthanolBlends by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger

33、 Viscometer (and the Calculation of KinematicViscosity)D7094 Test Method for Flash Point by Modified Continuously Closed Cup (MCCCFP) TesterD7170 Test Method for Determination of Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel OilsFixed Range Injection Period,Constant Volume Combustion Chamber Method4 Th

34、e last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.D975 14b2D7345 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Micro DistillationMethod)D7371 Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Content i

35、n Diesel Fuel Oil Using Mid InfraredSpectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)D7467 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20)D7619 Test Method for Sizing and Counting Particles in Light and Middle Distillate Fuels, by Automatic Particle CounterD7688 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity

36、of Diesel Fuels by the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) by VisualObservationD7220 Test Method for Sulfur inAutomotive, Heating, and Jet Fuels by Monochromatic Energy Dispersive X-ray FluorescenceSpectrometryE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with S

37、pecificationsE1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration2.2 Other Documents:26 CFR Part 48 Manufacturers and Realtors Excise Taxes540 CFR Part 80 Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives5API RP 2003 Protection Against Ignitions Arising Out of Static, Lightning,

38、 and Stray Currents6EN 14078 Liquid petroleum products - Determination productsDetermination of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in middledistillates - Infrared distillatesInfrared spectroscopy method7ISO 4406 Hydraulic Fluid PowerFluidsMethod for Coding the Level of Contamination by Solid Particles6

39、ISO 16889:1999 Hydraulic Fluid PowerFiltersMulti-pass Method for Evaluating Filtration Performance of a Filter Element3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 biodiesel, nfuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats,designated B100.3.1.2 biodies

40、el blend (BXX), nblend of biodiesel fuel with diesel fuel oils.3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn the abbreviation, BXX, the XX represents the volume percentage of biodiesel fuel in the blend.3.1.3 hydrocarbon oil, na homogeneous mixture with elemental composition primarily of carbon and hydrogen that may alsocon

41、tain sulfur, oxygen, or nitrogen from residual impurities and contaminants associated with the fuels raw materials andmanufacturing processes and excluding added oxygenated materials.3.1.3.1 DiscussionNeither macro nor micro emulsions are included in this definition since neither are homogeneous mix

42、tures.3.1.3.2 DiscussionExamples of excluded oxygenated materials are alcohols, esters, ethers, and triglycerides.3.1.3.3 DiscussionThe hydrocarbon oil may be manufactured from a variety of raw materials, for example petroleum (crude oil), oil sands, naturalgas, coal, and biomass. Appendix X7 discus

43、ses some matters for consideration regarding the use of diesel fuels from feedstocksother than petroleum.3.1.4 switch loading, nof liquid fuels, the practice of loading low vapor pressure product (for example, diesel fuel) into anempty or near-empty fixed or portable container that previously held a

44、 high or intermediate vapor pressure product (such asgasoline or solvent) without prior compartment cleaning treatment and inert gas purging; and the reverse procedure where a highvapor pressure product is added to a container that previously held a low vapor pressure product.5 Available from U.S. G

45、overnment Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.6 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.7 Available from the National CEN members listed on th

46、e CEN website (www.cenorm.be) or from the CEN/TC 19 Secretariat (astm.nen.nl).D975 14b33.1.4.1 DiscussionSince middle distillate fuels have flash points above 38C,38 C, during normal distribution of these fuels, the atmosphere abovethe fuels in a container such as a tanker truck, rail car, or barge,

47、 is normally below the lower explosive limit, so there is low riskof fire or explosion should an electrostatic discharge (spark) occur. However, when the previous load in the compartment was avolatile, flammable fuel such as gasoline, and if some residual fuel vapor or mist remains in the compartmen

48、t, and the containerhas a mixture of air and fuel vapor or mist (that is, not purged with an inert gas), then there is a risk that the atmosphere in thecontainer being filled could be in the explosive range creating a hazard should an electrostatic discharge occur.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific t

49、o This Standard:3.2.1 S(numerical specification maximum)indicates the maximum sulfur content, in weight ppm (g/g), allowed by thisspecification in a diesel fuel grade.3.2.1.1 DiscussionOf the seven diesel fuel grades specified in this standard, six have important distinguishing maximum sulfur regulatoryrequirements. These are Grades No. 1-D S15, No. 1-D S500, No. 1-D S5000, No. 2-D S15, No. 2-D S500 and No. 2-D S5000.The seventh grade, No. 4-D, is distinguished from these other grades by many major properties in addition to sulfur (unregulat