1、Designation: D 979 01 (Reapproved 2006)e1Standard Practice forSampling Bituminous Paving Mixtures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 979; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.e1NOTEChanges were made editorially throughout the text in Jul
3、y 2006.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers sampling of bituminous pavingmixtures at points of manufacture, storage, delivery, or inplace.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values in parentheses are provided for informa-tion purposes only.1.3 This standard does not
4、purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:
5、2C 702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate toTesting SizeD 2234/D 2234M Practice for Collection of a Gross Sampleof CoalD 3665 Practice for Random Sampling of ConstructionMaterialsE 105 Practice for Probability Sampling Of MaterialsE 122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With a
6、 Specified Tolerable Error, the Average for aCharacteristic of a Lot or ProcessE 141 Practice for Acceptance of Evidence Based on theResults of Probability Sampling3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 field sample, na quantity of the material to be testedof sufficie
7、nt size to provide an acceptable estimate of theaverage quality of a unit.3.1.2 increment, npart of a sample.3.1.3 lot, na sizable isolated quantity of bulk materialfrom a single source, assumed to have been produced by thesame process (for example, a days production or a specificmass or volume).3.1
8、.4 test portion, na quantity of the material of sufficientsize extracted from the larger field sample by a proceduredesigned to ensure accurate representation of the field sample,and thus of the unit sampled.3.1.5 unit, na batch or finite subdivision of a lot of bulkmaterial (for example, a truck lo
9、ad or a specific area covered).4. Significance and Use4.1 General:4.1.1 Sampling is equally as important as the testing, andthe sampler shall take every precaution to obtain samples thatwill yield an acceptable estimate of the nature and conditionsof the materials which they represent.4.1.2 Samples
10、for the development of preliminary data areobtained by the party responsible for the development of thedata. Samples for control of the product at the source ofmanufacture or storage, or at the site of use, are obtained by themanufacturer, contractor, or other parties responsible for ac-complishing
11、the work. Samples for tests to be used in accep-tance or rejection decisions by the purchaser are obtained bythe purchaser or his authorized representative.5. Procedure5.1 InspectionThe material shall be inspected to deter-mine discernible variations. The seller shall provide equipmentneeded for saf
12、e and appropriate inspection and sampling.5.2 SamplingThe procedures for selecting locations ortimes for sampling are described in Practice D 3665.5.2.1 Sampling from a Conveyor BeltStop the conveyorbelt. Randomly select at least three areas of approximatelyequal size on the belt for sampling. In ea
13、ch of the locations tobe sampled, insert templates, the shape of which conform to the1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road andPaving Materials and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.30 onMethods of Sampling.Current edition approved July 1, 2006. Publis
14、hed July 2006. Originally approvedin 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 979 01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document
15、 Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.shape of the belt. From the selected areas obtain approximatelyequal increments of material which will form a sample whosequantity equals or exceeds the
16、 minimum recommended in5.3.2. Carefully scoop all material between templates into asuitable container.5.2.2 Sampling from Truck TransportsBy a randommethod, select the units to be sampled from the production ofmaterials delivered. Obtain at least three approximately equalincrements. Avoid sampling t
17、he extreme top surface. Select atrandom from the unit being sampled and combine to form afield sample whose quantity equals or exceeds the minimumrecommended in 5.3.2. The sample may be obtained bycollecting the increments with a scoop or shovel.5.2.3 Sampling from the Roadway Prior to CompactionWhe
18、n only one sample is to be taken, obtain at least threeapproximately equal increments, selected at random from theunit being sampled, and combine to form a field sample whosequantity equals or exceeds the minimum recommended in5.3.2.5.2.3.1 When three or more samples are to be taken in orderto evalu
19、ate a lot of material, utilize a random method todetermine the locations to be sampled. Select a sample,consisting of approximately three equal increments, from eachlocation, assuring the quantity of each sample exceeds theminimum recommended in 5.3.2.5.2.3.2 Take all increments or samples from the
20、roadway forthe full depth of the material, taking care to exclude anyunderlying material. When necessary, place templates on theexisting roadway to exclude any underlying material. Clearlymark the specified area from which each increment or sampleis to be removed. Templates which are placed before t
21、hemixture is spread will be a definite aid securing increments ofapproximately equal mass.5.2.4 Sampling from a Skip Conveyor Delivering Mixture toBin StorageSelect the units to be sampled from the skipconveyor by a random method based on the bins storagecapacity. Stop the skip conveyor immediately
22、following pugmill discharge. Dig a furrow 150 mm (6 in.) in depth extendingfrom the top to the bottom of the pile. Obtain three approxi-mately equal increments from the top, middle, and bottom ofthe furrow depositing each increment in a container. Thecombined increments should form a field sample wh
23、osequantity equals or exceeds the minimum recommended in5.3.2.5.2.5 Sampling from a Funnel Device Feeding a Conveyorfor Mixture Delivery to StorageSelect the units to besampled from the funnel device by a random method based onthe bins maximum storage capacity. Obtain at least threeapproximately equ
24、al increments of material for each sample bypassing a bucket or pan or other suitable container across thefull flow of materials as it drops from the funnel device ontothe conveyor. The combined portions should form a fieldsample whose quantity equals or exceeds the minimum recom-mended in 5.3.2.5.2
25、.6 Sampling from Roadway after CompactionSelectthe units to be sampled by a random method from the materialin place. Obtain at least three approximately equal samplesselected at random from the unit being sampled. Test eachsample and average the test results to determine the accept-ability. Take all
26、 samples from the roadway for the full depth ofthe material, taking care to exclude any underlying material.Each increment shall be obtained by coring, sawing, or othermethods in such a manner as to ensure a minimum disturbanceof the material.5.2.7 Sampling from Bituminous Cold Mix StockpilesCold mi
27、xes that are in a stockpile for some time may developa crust on the surface of the pile. This crust should be removedto a depth of 100 mm, over an area of one square meter, toexpose the unweathered mix. Stir the exposed stockpile andobtain three approximately equal samples selected at randomfrom the
28、 unit being sampled, and combine to form a fieldsample whose quantity equals or exceeds the minimum recom-mended in 5.3.2.5.2.7.1 When three or more samples are to be taken, samplein accordance with 5.2.3.1.5.3 Number and Quantities of Field Samples:5.3.1 The number of field samples (obtained by one
29、 of themethods described in 5.2) required depends on the criticalityof, and variation in, the properties to be measured. Designateeach unit from which a field sample is to be obtained prior tosampling. The number of field samples from the productionshould be sufficient to give the desired confidence
30、 in testresults.NOTE 1Guidance for determining the number of samples required toobtain the desired level of confidence in test results may be found inMethod D 2234, Practice E 105, Practice E 122, and Practice E 141.NOTE 2The unit to be represented by a single field sample should notbe so large as t
31、o mask the effects of significant variability within the unit.Nor should a unit be so small as to be affected by the inherent variabilitybetween small portions of any bulk material.NOTE 3A unit of bulk material composed of graded aggregate oraggregate mixtures might consist of a full truckload. If i
32、t were possible,the entire load might be tested as a practical matter. A field sample iscomposed of three or more increments chosen at random from the materialas it is loaded or unloaded from the truck. Research has shown that sucha procedure permits an acceptable estimate to be made of the averageg
33、radation that might be measured from 15 or 20 increments from thetruck.NOTE 4Significant variability within a lot of material, where it mightexist, should be indicated by statistical measures, such as the standarddeviation between units selected at random from within the lot.5.3.2 A guide to the qua
34、ntity of material in field samples isgiven in Table 1. The quantities depend on the type and numberof tests to which the material is to be subjected, and sufficientmaterial must be obtained to provide for the proper executionof these tests. Standard control and acceptance tests areTABLE 1 Guide for
35、Estimating Quantity of SampleNominal Maximum Sizeof AggregatesAApproximate Mass of UncompactedMixture, min, kg (lb)2.36-mm (No. 8) 2 (4)4.75-mm (No. 4) 2 (4)9.5-mm (38-in.) 4 (8)12.5-mm (12-in.) 5 (12)19.0-mm (34-in.) 7 (16)25.0-mm (1-in.) 9 (20)37.5-mm (112-in.) 11 (25)50-mm (2-in.) 16 (35)AThe nom
36、inal maximum size of aggregate is the largest sieve size listed in theapplicable specification upon which any material is permitted to be retained.D 979 01 (2006)e12covered by ASTM Standards and specify the portion of thefield sample required for each specific test. Generally, theamounts specified i
37、n Table 1 will provide adequate material forroutine testing. Extract test portions from the field sample byquartering or splitting in a similar manner to Practice C 702 oras required by other applicable test methods.6. Shipping Samples6.1 Transport samples in containers so constructed as topreclude
38、loss or contamination of any part of the sample, ordamage to the contents from mishandling during shipment.6.2 Samples shall have individual identification attachedgiving the information required by the sample user. Typicalinformation that may be useful could include, but not neces-sarily be limited
39、 to, the following:6.2.1 Job for which the material is to be used, giving projectnumber, highway route number, county, and other pertinentgeographical information,6.2.2 Source of sample, including for plant-mixed samplesthe name of owner or operator of plant, location of plant, typeof plant, size of
40、 batch, and identification of bitumen andmineral aggregates used in the mixture,6.2.3 Point at which sampled, for samples taken fromroadway, both by station number and location transversely inpavement; also whether sampled from completed pavement,windrow, etc.,6.2.4 Quantity represented,6.2.5 By who
41、m sampled and title,6.2.6 Date of most recent mixing, if road-mixed,6.2.7 Date sampled,6.2.8 By whom submitted and address,6.2.9 Purpose for which sample was taken, and6.2.10 To whom report is to be made.7. Keywords7.1 asphalt paving mixture; bituminous paving mixture;samplingASTM International take
42、s no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own res
43、ponsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be address
44、ed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the
45、 address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 979 01 (2006)e13
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