1、Designation: D994/D994M 11 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Specification forPreformed Expansion Joint Filler for Concrete (BituminousType)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D994/D994M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case
2、 of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This s
3、pecification covers bituminous preformed expan-sion joint filler for use in concrete construction.NOTE 1Attention is called to ASTM Specifications D1751 andD1752.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Thevalues stated in each syst
4、em may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-formance with the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods f
5、or Construction MaterialsD545 Test Methods for Preformed Expansion Joint Fillersfor Concrete Construction (Nonextruding and ResilientTypes)D1751 Specification for Preformed Expansion Joint Fillerfor Concrete Paving and Structural Construction (Nonex-truding and Resilient Bituminous Types)D1752 Speci
6、fication for Preformed Sponge Rubber Corkand Recycled PVC Expansion Joint Fillers for ConcretePaving and Structural Construction3. Manufacture3.1 This product shall consist of a bituminous (asphalt ortar) mastic composition, formed and encased between twolayers of bituminous impregnated felt or two
7、layers of glass-fiber felt. The mastic shall comprise mineral fillers andreinforcing fibers and may contain thin strips of reinforcingsheet material.4. General Requirements4.1 Preformed strips of expansion joint filler shall be of suchcharacter as not to be deformed or broken by ordinary handlingwhe
8、n exposed to atmospheric conditions and shall not becomebrittle in cold weather. Pieces of the joint filler that have beendamaged shall be rejected.5. Properties5.1 Distortion at 50C 125FThe joint filler shall notshow a deflection of more than 1 in. (25 mm) when tested inaccordance with 8.2.1.5.2 Br
9、ittlenessThe joint filler shall not crack or shatterwhen tested in accordance with 8.2.2.NOTE 2Expansion joint filler having a nominal thickness of 5 mm 14in. or less shall not be subject to a requirement for brittleness.5.3 Water AbsorptionThe water absorption of the jointfiller, when tested in acc
10、ordance with 8.2.3, shall not exceedthe following values:Nominal Thickness ofJoint, min, mm in.Absorption, max,weight %25 1 2.520 34 315 12 410 38 5NOTE 3Expansion joint filler having a nominal thickness of less than10 mm 38 in. shall not be subject to a requirement for water absorption.5.4 Compress
11、ionThe load required to compress the testspecimen to 50 % of its thickness before test shall not be lessthan nor more than the following values when the joint filler istested in accordance with 8.2.4.Nominal Thickness of Load Requirements,Joint, mm in. min-max. kPa psi25 1 700-5000 100-75420 34 700-
12、6000 100-84115 12 700-6500 100-928NOTE 4Expansion joint filler having a nominal thickness of less than15 mm 12 in. shall not be subject to a requirement for compression.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of
13、 Subcommittee D04.34 onPreformed Joint Fillers, Sealers and Sealing Systems.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originallyapproved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D994/D994M 11.DOI: 10.1520/D0994_D0994M-11R16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the AST
14、M website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United
15、 States16. Dimensions and Permissible Variations6.1 The preformed strips shall conform to the dimensionsspecified or shown on the plans. Strips of the joint filler that donot conform to the specified dimensions within the permissiblevariations of 61mm 116 in. in thickness, 62mm18 in. indepth, and 65
16、mm14 in. in length shall be rejected.7. Sampling7.1 Size of SampleEach sample shall consist of sufficientmaterial to provide at least three test specimens measuring 50by 150 mm 2 by 6 in. and at least one test specimenmeasuring 100 by 100 mm 4 by 4 in.7.2 Number of SamplesOne representative sample s
17、hall beselected from each shipment of 100 m21000 ft2, or fractionthereof, of each thickness ordered.7.3 Samples shall be packed for transportation in such amanner that there will be no danger of distortion or breakage.8. Test Methods8.1 Significance and Use:8.1.1 The distortion and brittleness tests
18、 are used to deter-mine the handling characteristic of the material. The waterabsorption and compression tests are used to determine thesuitability of the material as an expansion joint filler.8.2 Procedures:8.2.1 Distortion at 50C 125FCut a test specimen 50by 150 mm 2 by 6 in., substantially flat a
19、nd straight, with the150-mm 6-in. dimension parallel to the machine direction ofthe strip. Clamp the specimen between two blocks so that theexpansion joint forms a cantilever of 90-mm 312-in. length.Place the clamp and joint assembly in a forced-draft ovenmaintained at 50 6 1C 125 6 2F, with the spe
20、cimen in ahorizontal position, for 2 h. Measure the deflection of thespecimen from the horizontal.8.2.2 BrittlenessCut a test specimen 50 by 150 mm 2 by6 in. with the 150-mm 6-in. dimension parallel to themachine direction of the strip. Maintain the specimen at atemperature of 5 6 1C 39 to 43F in wa
21、ter for at least 2 hbefore testing. Clamp the specimen between two boards so thatthe expansion joint forms a cantilever of 90 mm 312 in. inlength and hold in a horizontal position by a suitable rigidsupport. Suspend a spherical cast iron ball weighing 0.40 kg0.95 lb and having a diameter of 50 mm 17
22、8 in. by a cordtied to an eyelet fastened to the ball. For specimens having athickness of 15 mm 916 in. or less, suspend the ball 300 mm1 ft above the center of the projecting portion of thespecimen. For specimens over 15 mm 916 in. in thickness,suspend the ball 600 mm 2 ft above the specimen. Relea
23、se theball by burning the cord above the eyelet. Other suitablesuspension-and-release devices may be used.8.2.3 Water AbsorptionCut a test specimen 50 by 150 mm2 by 6 in. from the joint filler material in such a manner thatall edges are freshly cut and weigh. Immerse the specimenhorizontally under 2
24、5mm 1 in. of distilled or deionized waterat 25 6 2C 73.4 6 3.6F for 24 h, remove, and wipe off thesurface water with a slightly dampened cloth. Weigh thespecimen quickly and calculate the gain in weight and expressas weight percent of water absorbed.8.2.4 CompressionTest the joint filler in accordan
25、ce withthe compression test outlined in Test Method D545, exceptmake only a single application of the load required to compressthe specimen to 50 % of its thickness before test, and do notmeasure the recovery.8.3 Precision and Bias:8.3.1 Precision statement for single operator was calculatedper Prac
26、tice C670. Maximum acceptable range of individualmeasurements. No precision statement is necessary for brittle-ness since this property is qualified as an attribute. Precisionstatements are listed in Table 1.8.3.2 Since there is no accepted reference material suitablefor determining the bias in this
27、 test method, no statement onbias is made.9. Keywords9.1 asphalt; bituminous; construction; expansion; joint; pav-ing; preformedTABLE 1 Single-Operator Precision Statements SI Units OnlyAProperty Property as a function of Nominal ThicknessThickness, Nominal, mm. 25.4 19.1 12.7 9.5 6.4Distortion, max
28、. mm. 25.4 25.4 25.4 25.4 25.4Precision, max.accept.range. 2.93 2.30 5.92 6.03 6.84Brittleness Pass* Pass* Pass* Pass* -Precision, max.accept.range * * * * -Water Absorption, wt % max. 2.5 3 4 5 -Precision, max.accept.range. 0.057 0.087 0.400 1.187 -Compression, kPa, min-max. 6905200 6905800 6906400
29、 - -Precision, max.accept.range. 204.2 180.1 416.5 - -NOTEPrecision, max.accept.range. Per Practice C670, Maximum acceptable range between high andlow individual measurements.Pass* Not crack or shatter.* No precision statement is necessary for this attribute.AAll precision data was derived using inc
30、h-pound units.D994/D994M 11 (2016)2APPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. STANDARD TEST METHODS AND CONDITIONSX1.1 Size of SamplesSample sizes were used as requiredfor each test property.X1.2 Number of SpecimensFor each test, three (3) speci-mens were used.X1.3 Test ConditionsStandard test conditio
31、ns were usedas required in each test section and per Section 8.X2. SINGLE-OPERATOR PRECISION STATEMENTSX2.1 Practice C670, for Preparing Precision and Bias State-ments for test methods for Construction Materials, was used todevelop the single-operator precision statement.X2.2 Windows 95 function cat
32、egories were used to calcu-late the average (avg) values and the one-sigma (1s) limits.Data was graphed using Windows 95 Chart Wizard.X2.3 Acceptance of individual measurement values wasbased on the calculated difference of two-sigma (d2s) limits asthe appropriate index of test precision. Maximum ac
33、ceptancerange of the measurements was calculated per Practice C670,and for a given test the individual results of the measurementswere accepted if the results were within the calculated maxi-mum acceptable range.X2.4 Single-Operator Precision was calculated per PracticeC670. Results of three (3) spe
34、cimens were used to calculate theaverage values and the one-sigma limits. From Practice C670,for the average of three (3) measurements, the multiplier is 5.7for the maximum acceptable range of individual measure-ments. The precision statement then for a single-operator iscalculated as follows:Precis
35、ion Statement 5 1s! 35.7 (X2.1)X2.5 Calculated precision statements for the various prop-erties are given in Table 1.X2.6 Single-Operator Precision for the average compres-sion load values, for each thickness, is also presented in GraphI. (URL Upper Range Limit, LRL Lower Range Limit)X3. COMPRESSION
36、 LOAD VALUESX3.1 It was found that the compression load values aredependent on the thickness of the preformed expansion jointfiller. As the thickness of the expansion filler increased theresultant compression load values decreased as shown in Fig.X3.1 and Fig. X3.2.X3.2 Starting with the compression
37、 load value of 754 psi(5200 kPa) maximum for 1.0 in. (25.4 mm). thick joint filler, asa starting point, then by graphic analysis the maximumcompression load values were plotted for each joint fillerthickness as shown in Fig. X3.1 and as stated in Table 1.FIG. X3.1 SingleOperator Precision Acceptance
38、 Range of Indi-vidual MeasurementsD994/D994M 11 (2016)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent
39、rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either
40、for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hear
41、ing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard
42、may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ X3.2 Maximum Compression Load vs. ThicknessD994/D994M 11 (2016)4
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