1、Designation: D994 98 (Reapproved 2010)Standard Specification forPreformed Expansion Joint Filler for Concrete (BituminousType)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D994; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision
2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification cove
3、rs bituminous preformed expan-sion joint filler for use in concrete construction.NOTE 1Attention is called to ASTM Specifications D1751 andD1752.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are p
4、rovided for information onlyand are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsD545 Test Methods for Preformed Expansion Joint Fillersfor Concrete Construction (Nonextruding an
5、d ResilientTypes)D1751 Specification for Preformed Expansion Joint Fillerfor Concrete Paving and Structural Construction (Nonex-truding and Resilient Bituminous Types)D1752 Specification for Preformed Sponge Rubber Corkand Recycled PVC Expansion Joint Fillers for ConcretePaving and Structural Constr
6、uction3. Manufacture3.1 This product shall consist of a bituminous (asphalt ortar) mastic composition, formed and encased between twolayers of bituminous impregnated felt or two layers of glass-fiber felt. The mastic shall comprise mineral fillers andreinforcing fibers and may contain thin strips of
7、 reinforcingsheet material.4. General Requirements4.1 Preformed strips of expansion joint filler shall be of suchcharacter as not to be deformed or broken by ordinary handlingwhen exposed to atmospheric conditions and shall not becomebrittle in cold weather. Pieces of the joint filler that have been
8、damaged shall be rejected.5. Properties5.1 Distortion at 125F (52C)The joint filler shall notshow a deflection of more than 1 in. (25 mm) when tested inaccordance with 8.2.1.5.2 BrittlenessThe joint filler shall not crack or shatterwhen tested in accordance with 8.2.2.NOTE 2Expansion joint filler ha
9、ving a nominal thickness of14 in. (6.4mm) or less shall not be subject to a requirement for brittleness.5.3 Water AbsorptionThe water absorption of the jointfiller, when tested in accordance with 8.2.3, shall not exceedthe following values:Nominal Thickness ofJoint, min in. (mm)Absorption, max,weigh
10、t %1 ( 25.4) 2.534 (19.1) 312 (12.7) 438 (9.5) 5NOTE 3Expansion joint filler having a nominal thickness of less than9.5 mm (38 in. ) shall not be subject to a requirement for water absorption.5.4 CompressionThe load required to compress the testspecimen to 50 % of its thickness before test shall not
11、 be lessthan nor more than the following values when the joint filler istested in accordance with 8.2.4.Nominal Thickness of Load Requirements,Joint, in. (mm) min-max. psi (kPa)1 in. (25.4) 100-754 (690-5, 200)34 in. (19.1) 100-841 (690, 5, 800)12 in. (12.7) 100-928 (690-6, 400)1This specification i
12、s under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.34 onPreformed Joint Fillers, Sealers and Sealing Systems.Current edition approved July 1, 2010. Published August 2010. Originallyapproved in 1948. Last previous edition ap
13、proved in 1998 as D994 98(2003).DOI: 10.1520/D0994-98R10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Cop
14、yright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.NOTE 4Expansion joint filler having a nominal thickness of less than12 in. (12.7 mm) shall not be subject to a requirement for compression.6. Dimensions and Permissible Variations6.1 The pr
15、eformed strips shall conform to the dimensionsspecified or shown on the plans. Strips of the joint filler that donot conform to the specified dimensions, within the permissiblevariations of116 in. ( +1.6 mm) in thickness,18 in. (63.2 mm)in depth, and14 in. (66.4 mm ) in length, shall be rejected.7.
16、Sampling7.1 Size of SampleEach sample shall consist of sufficientmaterial to provide at least 3 test specimens measuring 2 by 6in. (51 by 152 mm) and at least 1 test specimen measuring 4 by4 in. (102 by 102 mm).7.2 Number of SamplesOne representative sample shallbe selected from each shipment of 100
17、0 ft2(93 m2), or fractionthereof, of each thickness ordered.7.3 Samples shall be packed for transportation in such amanner that there will be no danger of distortion or breakage.8. Test Methods8.1 Significance and Use:8.1.1 The distortion and brittleness tests are used to deter-mine the handling cha
18、racteristic of the material. The waterabsorption and compression tests are used to determine thesuitability of the material as an expansion joint filler.8.2 Procedures:8.2.1 Distortion at 125F (52C)Cut a test specimen 2 by6 in. (51 by 152 mm), substantially flat and straight, with the6-in. (152-mm)
19、dimension parallel to the machine direction ofthe strip. Clamp the specimen between two blocks so that theexpansion joint forms a cantilever of 312-in. (89-mm) length.Place the clamp and joint assembly in a forced-draft ovenmaintained at 125 6 2F (52 6 1.1C), with the specimen ina horizontal positio
20、n, for 2 h. Measure the deflection of thespecimen from the horizontal.8.2.2 BrittlenessCut a test specimen 2 by 6 in. (51 by 152mm) with the 6-in. (152-mm) dimension parallel to themachine direction of the strip. Maintain the specimen at atemperature of 39 to 43F (4 to 6C) in water for at least 2 hp
21、rior to testing. Clamp the specimen between two boards sothat the expansion joint forms a cantilever of 312-in. (89-mm)length and hold in a horizontal position by a suitable rigidsupport. Suspend a spherical cast iron ball, weighing 0.95 lb(0.43 kg) and having a diameter of 178 in. (48 mm), by a cor
22、dtied to an eyelet fastened to the ball. For specimens having athickness of916 in. (14.3 mm) or less, suspend the ball 1 ft (304mm) above the center of the projecting portion of the speci-men. For specimens over 14.3 mm in thickness, suspend theball 2 ft (610 mm) above the specimen. Release the ball
23、 byburning the cord above the eyelet. Other suitable suspensionand release devices may be used.8.2.3 Water AbsorptionCut a test specimen 2 by 6 in. (51by 152 mm) from the joint filler material, in such a manner thatall edges are freshly cut, and weigh. Immerse the specimenhorizontally under 1 in. (2
24、5.4 mm) of distilled or deionizedwater at 73.4 6 3.6F (23 6 2C) for 24 h, remove, and wipeoff the surface water with a slightly dampened cloth. Weigh thespecimen quickly and calculate the gain in weight and expressas weight percent of water absorbed.8.2.4 CompressionTest the joint filler in accordan
25、ce withthe compression test outlined in Methods D545, except makeonly a single application of the load required to compress thespecimen to 50 % of its thickness before test, and do notmeasure the recovery.8.3 Precision and Bias:8.3.1 Precision statement for single operator was calculatedper Practice
26、 C670. Maximum acceptable range of individualmeasurements. No precision statement is necessary for brittle-ness since this property is qualified as an attribute. Precisionstatements are listed in Table 1.8.3.2 Since there is no accepted reference material suitablefor determining the bias in this tes
27、t method, no statement onbias is made.9. Keywords9.1 asphalt; bituminous; construction; expansion; joint; pav-ing; preformedD994 98 (2010)2APPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. STANDARD TEST METHODS AND CONDITIONSX1.1 Size of SamplesSample sizes were used as requiredfor each test property.X1.2 Num
28、ber of SpecimensFor each test, three (3) speci-mens were used.X1.3 Test ConditionsStandard test conditions were usedas required in each test section and per Section 8.X2. SINGLE-OPERATOR PRECISION STATEMENTSX2.1 Practice C670, for Preparing Precision and BiasStatements for test methods for Construct
29、ion Materials, wasused to develop the single-operator precision statement.X2.2 Windows 95 function categories were used to calcu-late the average (avg) values and the one-sigma (1s) limits.Data was graphed using Windows 95 Chart Wizard.X2.3 Acceptance of individual measurement values wasbased on the
30、 calculated difference of two-sigma (d2s) limits asthe appropriate index of test precision. Maximum acceptancerange of the measurements was calculated per Practice C670,and for a given test the individual results of the measurementswere accepted if the results were within the calculated maxi-mum acc
31、eptable range.X2.4 Single-Operator Precision was calculated per PracticeC670. Results of three (3) specimens were used to calculate theaverage values and the one-sigma limits. From Practice C670,for the average of three (3) measurements, the multiplier is 5.7for the maximum acceptable range of indiv
32、idual measure-ments. The precision statement then for a single-operator iscalculated as follows:Precision Statement 51s!35.7 (X2.1)X2.5 Calculated precision statements for the various prop-erties are given in Table 1.X2.6 Single-Operator Precision for the average compres-sion load values, for each t
33、hickness, is also presented in GraphI. (URL Upper Range Limit, LRL Lower Range Limit)X3. COMPRESSION LOAD VALUESX3.1 It was found that the compression load values aredependent on the thickness of the preformed expansion jointfiller. As the thickness of the expansion filler increased theresultant com
34、pression load values decreased as shown in Fig.X3.1 and Fig. X3.2.X3.2 Starting with the compression load value of 754 psi(5200 kPa) maximum for 1.0 in. (25.4 mm). thick joint filler, asa starting point, then by graphic analysis the maximumcompression load values were plotted for each joint fillerth
35、ickness as shown in Fig. X3.1 and as stated in Table 1.TABLE 1 Single-Operator Precision Statements SI Units OnlyProperty Property as a function of Nominal ThicknessThickness, Nominal, mm. 25.4 19.1 12.7 9.5 6.4Distortion, max. mm. 25.4 25.4 25.4 25.4 25.4Precision, max.accept.range. 2.93 2.30 5.92
36、6.03 6.84Brittleness Pass* Pass* Pass* Pass* -Precision, max.accept.range * * * * -Water Absorption, wt % max. 2.5 3 4 5 -Precision, max.accept.range. 0.057 0.087 0.400 1.187 -Compression, kPa, min-max. 6905200 6905800 6906400 - -Precision, max.accept.range. 204.2 180.1 416.5 - -NOTEPrecision, max.a
37、ccept.range. Per Practice C670, Maximum acceptable range between high andlow individual measurements.Pass* Not crack or shatter.* No precision statement is necessary for this attribute.D994 98 (2010)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connec
38、tion with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsib
39、le technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful con
40、sideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100
41、Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).FIG. X3.1 SingleOperator Precision Acceptance Range ofIndividual MeasurementsFIG. X3.2 Maximum Compression Load vs. ThicknessD994 98 (2010)4
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