ASTM D2415-1998(2008) Standard Test Method for Ash in Coal Tar and Pitch《煤焦油和沥青中灰份含量的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: D 2415 98 (Reapproved 2008)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forAsh in Coal Tar and Pitch1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2415; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the

2、year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the ashcontent of tar and pitch.1.2 The values stated in SI units

3、 are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practi

4、ces and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 370 Practice for Dehydration of Oil-Type PreservativesD 4296 Practice for Sampling PitchE11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposes3. Summary of Test Method3.1

5、 The sample is carefully volatilized and burned in amuffle furnace or by other suitable means, after which thecarbonaceous residue is completely oxidized and the remainingash stabilized at 900C in the muffle furnace.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method determines the amount of inorganicmatter

6、 in the sample.5. Apparatus5.1 Muffle FurnaceA muffle furnace with good air circu-lation and capable of having its temperature regulated at 900 610C.5.2 Dish or Crucible, porcelain, silica, or platinum, havinga capacity of 35 to 45 mL and a diameter at the top of 55 to 60mm.5.3 Sieve, U.S. Standard

7、600-m (No. 30), conforming toSpecification E11.6. Bulk Sampling6.1 Samples from shipments shall be taken in accordancewith Practice D 4296 and shall be free of foreign substances.Thoroughly mix the sample immediately before removing arepresentative portion for the determination or for dehydration.7.

8、 Dehydration of Sample7.1 Hard PitchIf the solid bulk sample contains freewater, air-dry a representative portion in a forced draft oven at50C.7.2 Soft PitchIf the presence of water is indicated bysurface foam on heating, maintain a representative portion ofthe bulk sample at a temperature between 1

9、25 and 150C in anopen container until the surface is free of foam. Take care notto overheat, and remove heat source immediately when foamsubsides.7.3 TarDehydrate a representative portion of the bulksample in accordance with Test Method D 370, but stop thedistillation when the temperature reaches 17

10、0C. Separate anyoil from the water which has distilled over (if crystals arepresent, warm sufficiently to ensure their solution), and thor-oughly mix the oil with the residual tar in the still after thelatter has cooled to a moderate temperature.8. Preparation of Working Sample8.1 Hard PitchIf the p

11、itch can be crushed at roomtemperature, prepare a 20-g working sample by suitablecrushing, mixing, and quartering of a representative portion ofthe dry sample. The crushing can be done with a small jawcrusher and a mullite mortar and pestle. No particle in therepresentative sample shall be larger th

12、an 5 mm in anydimension. Crush this sample so that all of it will pass the600-m (No. 30) sieve.8.2 Soft PitchIf the pitch is too soft to grind and too stickyto mix, heat a representative portion of the dry sample to thelowest temperature that will permit passage through the600-m (No. 30) sieve, taki

13、ng care to avoid excessive loss of1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.05 on Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2008. Published

14、November 2008. Originallyapproved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 241598(2003).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Do

15、cument Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.volatile matter. Do not exceed 10 min for this melting period.Pass the heated sample through the 600-m sieve to removeforeign matter.8.3 TarHeat a

16、 representative portion of the dry tar to thelowest temperature that will permit passage through the600-m (No. 30) sieve, then filter through this sieve to removeforeign matter.8.4 Preservation of SamplesStore samples as large lumpsor as solidified melts in closed containers. Do not save crushedsamp

17、les for future analyses since changes in compositionsometimes occur in pulverized pitch.9. Procedure9.1 Ignite a clean dish or crucible for1hinthemufflefurnace at 900 6 10C. Cool slowly to about 100C, then placethe dish or crucible in a desiccator. When at room temperature,weigh to the nearest 0.1 m

18、g.9.2 Transfer a 10-g portion of the representative, dehydratedsample to the tared dish or crucible and weigh to the nearest 0.1mg. Place the container and the sample in the cold mufflefurnace and gradually heat to redness at a rate that avoidsmechanical loss from boil-over or spattering, due to too

19、 rapidan expulsion of volatile matter. Instead of the muffle furnace, ahot plate or gas flame may be used to remove volatiles, as longas the same precautions against mechanical loss are taken.After the volatile matter has been driven off and a semi-cokeremains, complete the ignition in the muffle fu

20、rnace at 900 610C. When all carbon appears to have burned off, cool thedish or crucible to about 100C before placing it in adesiccator. When at room temperature weigh to the nearest 0.1mg. Repeat the ignition at 900 6 10C for 30-min intervalsuntil constant weight is obtained.10. Calculation10.1 Calc

21、ulate the ash content of the sample as follows:Ash, % 5 100A/B (1)where:A = weight of ash, andB = weight of sample.11. Report11.1 Report the weight percent of ash to the nearest 0.01 %.12. Precision and Bias12.1 The following criteria shall be used for judging theacceptability of results (95 % proba

22、bility):12.1.1 RepeatabilityDuplicate values by the same opera-tor shall not be considered suspect unless the determinedpercentages differ by more than 0.01.12.1.2 ReproducibilityThe values reported by each of twolaboratories, representing the arithmetic average of duplicatedeterminations, shall not

23、 be considered suspect unless thereported percentages differ by more than 0.03.12.2 BiasThis procedure has no bias because the value ofash is defined in terms of this test method.13. Keywords13.1 ash; inorganic matter; pitch; tarASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any pat

24、ent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision

25、 at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comm

26、ents will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighte

27、d by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 2415 98 (2008)2