1、Designation: D2583 07D2583 13Standard Test Method forIndentation Hardness of Rigid Plastics by Means of a BarcolImpressor1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2583; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, th
2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers th
3、e determination of indentation hardness of both reinforced and nonreinforced rigid plastics usinga Barcol Impressor, Model No. 934-1 and Model No. 935.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in bracketsparentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard d
4、oes not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.NOTE 1There is no known ISO equivale
5、nt to this test method.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic MaterialsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a
6、Test Method3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of technical terms pertaining to plastics used in this test method, see Terminology D883.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A materials surface hardness is determined through the use of a Barcol Impressor. The relative depth of penetration of theImpr
7、essors indentor provides a comparative measure of the materials hardness. The Model No. 934-1 and Model No. 935 BarcolImpressors are designated for use with plastics. Within the range of hardness measured by these Impressors the Model No. 934-1is used for measuring harder materials and the Model No.
8、 935 is used for measuring softer materials.5. Significance and Use5.1 The Barcol Impressor is portable and therefore suitable for testing the hardness of fabricated parts and individual testspecimens for production control purposes.5.2 Before proceeding with this test method, reference shall be mad
9、e to the specification of the material being tested. Table 1of Classification System D4000 lists the ASTM material standards that currently exist. Any test specimen preparation,conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters or combination thereof covered in the relevant ASTM material specification
10、shalltake precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there are no relevant ASTM material specifications, then the defaultconditions apply.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical
11、Properties.Current edition approved March 1, 2007March 15, 2013. Published March 2007March 2013. Originally approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 20062007as D2583 - 06.D2583 - 07. DOI: 10.1520/D2583-07.10.1520/D2583-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org
12、, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes
13、 have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official
14、 document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16. Apparatus (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2)6.1 Indentor3The indentor shall consist of a hardened steel truncated cone havi
15、ng an angle of 26 with a flat tip of 0.157 mm0.0062 in.(0.0062 in.) in diameter. It shall fit into a hollow spindle and be held down by a spring-loaded plunger. See Fig. 2.6.2 Indicating DeviceThe indicating dial shall have 100 divisions, each representing a depth of 0.0076-mm 0.0003-in.(0.0003-in.)
16、 penetration. The higher the reading is, the harder the material is.6.3 Calibration Standards“Hard” and “soft” aluminum alloy disks supplied by the manufacturer of the instrument. Otherdisks should not be used, even if they are of the same alloy and temper as the manufacturers disks, as the hardness
17、 of aluminumvaries within any given alloy-temper parameter.6.4 A smooth glass plate is also needed.7. Test Specimens7.1 The testing area shall be smooth and free from mechanical defects.7.2 DimensionsTest specimens shall be at least 1.5 mm (116 in.in.) thick and large enough to ensure a minimum dist
18、anceof 3 mm (18 in.in.) in any direction from the indentor point to the edge of the specimen, as well as from test point to test point.8. Preparation and Operation of Apparatus8.1 The preparation and operation of Models 934-1 and 935 are identical. Place the Impressor and the material to be tested (
19、orthe calibration disk) on a solidly supported, flat, hard, firm surface such as stone, metal, or ceramic. If softer supporting surfacesare used, a false low instrument reading may occur.8.2 Set the point sleeve on the surface to be tested. Set the legs on the same surface or on solid material of th
20、e same thickness,so that the indentor is perpendicular to the surface being tested. Grasp the instrument firmly between the legs and point sleeve.Apply a uniform downward force quickly, by hand, increasing the force on the case until the dial indication reaches a maximum(Note 3). Take care to avoid
21、sliding or scraping while the indentor is in contact with the surface being tested. Record the maximumreading.NOTE 2It is recommended that measurements be made with the Model 934-1 Impressor when values above 90 are obtained with the Model 935Impressor and that measurements be made with the Model 93
22、5 Impressor when values less than 20 are obtained with the Model No. 934-1 Impressor.Values below 10 using the Model 935 Impressor are inexact and should not be reported.NOTE 3Drift in readings from the maximum occurs in some materials and can be nonlinear with time.9. Calibration9.1 With the plunge
23、r upper guide backed out until it just engages the spring, place the Impressor on a glass surface and pressdown until the point is forced all the way back into the lower plunger guide. The indicator should now read 100. If it does not,loosen the lock-nut and turn the lower plunger guide in or out to
24、 obtain a 100 reading. Next, read the “hard” aluminum alloy disk3 The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Eurotherm/Barber-Colman, 741F Miller Drive, Leesburg, VA 201758993. If youare aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM In
25、ternational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting ofthe responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.FIG. 1 Barcol ImpressorD2583 132supplied by the manufacturer of the Impressor and, if necessary, adjust so that the reading is within the range marked
26、on the disk.Then do the same with the “soft” disk. If these readings cannot be obtained, subsequent measurements are not valid.10. Conditioning10.1 ConditioningCondition the test specimens at 23 6 2C 73.4(73.4 6 3.6F3.6F) and 50 6 5 % 10 % relative humidityfor at least 40 h prior to test in accordan
27、ce with ProcedureAof Practice D618, unless otherwise specified by the contract or relevantASTM material specification. In cases of disagreement, the tolerances shall be 61C 61.8F and 62 % (61.8F) and 6 5 %relative humidity.10.2 Test ConditionsConduct tests in the standard laboratory atmosphere of 23
28、 6 2C 73.4(73.4 6 3.6F3.6F) and 50 65 % 10 % relative humidity, unless otherwise specified by the contract or relevant ASTM material specification. In cases ofdisagreement, the tolerances shall be 61C 61.8F and 62 % (61.8F) and 6 5 % relative humidity.11. Procedure11.1 Observing the precautions of S
29、ection 8, make measurements on the specimens to be tested (Note 4). Indentations shouldnot be made within 3 mm (18 in.in.) of the edge of the specimen or of other indentations.NOTE 4Curved surfaces are more difficult to support. When the load is applied, bending and spring action in the specimen sho
30、uld be avoided.12. Number of Readings12.1 Application of the Barcol Impressor to reinforced plastic (nonhomogeneous) materials will produce greater variation inhardness readings than on nonreinforced (homogeneous) materials. This greater variation is mainly caused by the difference inhardness betwee
31、n resin and filler materials in contact with the small diameter indentor. There is less variation in hardness readingson harder materials in the range of 50 Barcol and higher and considerably more variation in the readings of softer materials. Onhomogeneous materials, five readings are needed to mai
32、ntain a variance-of-average of 0.28 at a 60 Barcol reading; for the samevariance-of-average at 30 Barcol, eight readings are needed. On reinforced plastics, in order to maintain a variance-of-average of0.78 at 60 Barcol, ten readings are needed; and 29 readings are needed for the same variance at th
33、e 30 Barcol levelMake aminimum of 10 determinations of hardness at different positions on the specimen, spaced according to the guidelines defined in11.1(.Table 1).NOTE 5These findings were obtained with a round robin conducted in a workshop with all participants present. Eight plastic materials of
34、differenthardness were evaluated with six different Barcol (934-1) Impressors.Application of the Barcol Impressor to reinforced plastic (non-homogeneous)materials will produce greater variation in hardness readings than on non-reinforced (homogeneous) materials. This greater variation is mainly caus
35、edby the difference in hardness between resin and filler materials in contact with the small diameter indentor. In addition, it should be noted that thisvariability may result in the need to take additional readings to satisfy the users confidence in the results from a statistical standpoint (such a
36、s assuringa low coefficient of variation (COV) percentage).13. Report13.1 Report the following information:13.1.1 Identification of material tested,13.1.2 Conditioning of specimen,13.1.3 Model number of Impressor,FIG. 2 Diagram of Barcol ImpressorD2583 13313.1.4 Number of readings taken,13.1.5 Avera
37、ge of hardness values rounded to the nearest whole scale reading,13.1.6 Date of test, and13.1.7 Test method number and published/revision date.14. Precision and Bias414.1 No precision statement using Model 935 can be offered at this time.14.2 Table 21 is based on a round robin conducted in 1981, in
38、accordance with Practice E691, involving five materials testedby nine laboratories using Model No. 934-1. For each material, all the samples were prepared at one source. Each laboratoryobtained three test results for each material. For the materials shown, the indicated number of individual determin
39、ations wereaveraged to calculate each test result as follows:Material No. of Determinationsusing Model No. 934-1SAN 8BMC 22SAN reinforced with 20 % glass 22Polyester Mat Laminate (thermoset) 16SMC (sheet molding compound) 16(WarningThe following explanations of Ir and IR (14.3-14.3.3) are only inten
40、ded to present a meaningful way of consideringthe approximate precision of this test method. The data in Table 21 should not be rigorously applied to acceptance or rejection ofmaterial, as those data are specific to the round robin and may not be representative of other lots, materials, or laborator
41、ies. Usersof this test method should apply the principles outlined in Practice E691 to generate data specific to their laboratory and materials,or between specific laboratories. The principles of 14.3-14.3.3 would then be valid for such data.)14.3 Concept of Ir and IRIf Sr and SR were calculated fro
42、m a large enough body of data, and for test results that were averagesfrom the numbers of determinations stated in 14.2:14.3.1 Repeatability, Ir(Comparing two test results for the same material, obtained by the same operator using the same BarcolImpressor on the same day)The samples represented by t
43、he two test results should be regarded as not having equivalent hardnessif the test results differed by more than the Ir value for that material and condition.14.3.2 Reproducibility, IR(Comparing two test results for the same material, obtained by different operators using differentBarcol Impressors
44、 on different days)The samples represented by the two test results should be regarded as not having equivalenthardness if the test results differed by more than the IR value for that material and condition.14.3.3 Any judgment in accordance with 14.3.1 and 14.3.2 would have an approximate 95 % (0.95)
45、 probability of being correct.14.4 BiasThere are no recognized standards on which to base an estimate of bias for this test method.15. Keywords15.1 Barcol Hardness Impressor; Models 934-1 and 935; hardness; indentation hardness; rigid plastics4 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International H
46、eadquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D20-1087.TABLE 21 Precision Data for Model No. 934-1Material Values in Units of Barcol HardnessAverage SrA SRB IrC IRDSAN 35 1.04 2.93 3 8BMC 39 0.95 3.75 3 11Reinforced SAN 44 1.11 2.25 3 6Polyester laminate 55 1.45 1.93 4 5SMC 61 1.1
47、4 2.15 3 6A Sr = within-laboratory standard deviation of the average.B SR = between-laboratories standard deviation of the average.C Ir = 2.83 Sr.D IR = 2.83 SR.D2583 134SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D20 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D2583 - 06D2
48、583 - 07) that may impact the use of this standard. (March 1, 2007)15, 2013)(1) Revised 11.110.1. and 10.2 to reflect current tolerances for standard temperature and relative humidity conditions for laboratoryatmospheres according to Practice D618 (Procedure A).(2) Revised 12.1 and Note 5 on the “Nu
49、mber of Readings” to reflect a simplified “minimum of 10” measurement.(3) Deleted old Table 1.(4) Renumbered Table 2 and corrected the reference in 14.2.Committee D20 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D2583 - 95(2001) that may impact the use of this standard. (September 1, 2006)(1) Editorial revisions made throughout.(2) Added Summary of Changes section.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item
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