1、Designation: D2625 94 (Reapproved 2010)Standard Test Method forEndurance (Wear) Life and Load-Carrying Capacity of SolidFilm Lubricants (Falex Pin and Vee Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2625; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal
2、 adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defens
3、e.1. Scope1.1 This test method (see Note 1) covers the determinationof the endurance (wear) life and load-carrying capacity of drysolid film lubricants in sliding steel-on-steel applications.NOTE 1Reference may be made to Coordinating Research Council,Inc. (CRC) Report No. 419, “Development of Resea
4、rch Technique forMeasuring Wear Life of Bonded Solid Lubricant Coatings for Airframes,Using the Falex Tester.” See also Military Specification MIL-L-8937(ASG), Jan. 22, 1963, and Methods 3807 and 3812 of Federal TestMethod 791a.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard exce
5、pt where equipment is supplied using inch-poundunits and would then be regarded as standard. The metricequivalents of inch-pound units given in such cases in the bodyof the standard may be approximate.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with it
6、s use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B16/B16M Specification for Free-Cutting Brass Rod, Barand Shapes for Us
7、e in Screw MachinesF22 Test Method for Hydrophobic Surface Films by theWater-Break Test2.2 U.S. Military Specifications:3MIL-L-8937MIL-P-16232F Phosphate Coatings, Heavy, Manganese orZinc Base (for Ferrous Metals)2.3 Other Standards:442USC7671a Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990Federal Test Method 791
8、a Methods 3807 and 38123. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 dry solid film lubricantsdry coatings consisting oflubricating powders in a solid matrix bonded to one or bothsurfaces to be lubricated.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 direct load, nthe load that is applied linearly,
9、bisecting the angle of the vee block corrected to either the800-lbf (3550-N) gauge reference or the 3000-lbf (13 300-N)gauge reference.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThis load is equivalent to the true loadtimes the cos 42.3.2.2 endurance (wear) lifethe length of test time beforefailure under a constant loaded c
10、ondition, in minutes, in whichthe applied test lubricant performs its function.3.2.3 gauge load, nthe value obtained from the gaugewhile running the test after being corrected to the standardcurve using the calibration procedure for the 4500-lbf(20 000-N) reference gauge.3.2.3.1 DiscussionThe gauge
11、reading is irrespective ofthe particular gauge used, and corrections are made by com-parison to the Brinell ball impression diameters on a standardreference copper test coupon with a Rockwell hardness rangeof HB 37 to HB 39. An electronic calibration instrument5isavailable which can be used in place
12、 of the copper coupon.3.2.4 load carrying capacitythe highest indicated loadsustained for a minimum of 1 min.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.L0.05 on Solid Lubricants.Current edi
13、tion approved March 1, 2010. Published April 2010. Originallyapproved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D262594(2003).DOI: 10.1520/D2625-94R10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of
14、 ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/dodssp.daps.dla.mil.4Available from U.S. Government Printing Office
15、 Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.5Trademark of and available from Falex Corp., 1020 Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove,IL 60554. A new model of the Falex Pin and Vee Block Test Machine has beenavailable since 1983. Certain oper
16、ating procedures are different for this new model.Consult instruction manual of machine for this information. If you are aware ofalternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM InternationalHeadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible t
17、echnical committee,1which you may attend.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The endurance test (Procedure A) consists of runningtwo stationary steel vee block specimens loaded to a predeter-m
18、ined value against a rotating steel pin specimen. The endur-ance (wear) life is determined when the torque increases by10 inlbf (1.13 Nm).4.2 The load-carrying capacity test (Procedure B) consistsof running two stationary steel vee block specimens against arotating steel pin, increasing the load on
19、the pin until a sharpincrease (10 inlbf (1.13 Nm) in steady-state torque or pinbreakage is experienced. Prior to both tests, the solid filmlubricant is deposited on the surfaces of the test specimens.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method differentiates between bonded solidlubricants with respe
20、ct to their wear life and load-carryingcapacity. If the test conditions are changed, wear life maychange and relative ratings of the bonded solid film lubricantsmay be different.6. Apparatus6.1 Falex Pin and Vee Block Test Machine,5illustrated inFig. 1 and Fig. 2.6.1.1 Load Gauge,54500-lbf (20 000-N
21、) range, or 3000-lbf(13 300-N) direct-reading gauge. An 800-lbf (3550-N) direct-reading load gauge may be used for Procedure A, but does nothave a high enough load range for Procedure B.NOTE 2Primary figures for loads are shown for the 4500-lbf(20 000-N) gauge. Equivalent readings on either 800 or 3
22、000-lbf (3550 or13 300-N) direct-reading gauges are shown in parentheses and can beobtained from the curve in Fig. 3.6.1.2 OptionalAn automatic cutoff, torque recorder, andtimer may be used in place of the standard indicating torquegauge.6.2 Required for Calibration of Load Gauge:6.2.1 Standardized
23、Test Coupon,5soft, annealed copper HB37/39.6.2.2 Allen Screw,5with attached 10-mm Brinell ball.6.2.3 Back-up Plug.56.2.4 Brinell Microscope, or equivalent.6.2.5 Rule, steel, 150 mm (6 in.) long.6.2.6 Timer, graduated in minutes and seconds.6.3 Required for Application of Dry Solid Film Lubricants-(s
24、ee Annex A1):6.3.1 Desiccator, for storing test parts. The bottom of thedesiccator shall be filled with desiccant to maintain approxi-mately 50 % relative humidity. (Not required if parts can bestored in a fume-free room at 50 6 5 % relative humidity.)6.3.2 Forced-Circulation Oven, capable of mainta
25、ining atemperature of 149 6 5C (300 6 10F).6.3.3 Micrometer, reading 0 to 25 6 0.0025 mm (0 to 1 60.0001 in.), with a one-ball anvil.6.3.4 Vapor Degreasing Bath.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Required for Procedures A and B:7.1.1 Eight Standard Vee Blocks,596 6 1 angle, heattreated to 1.24 3 109to 1.3
26、8 3 109Pa (180 000 to 200 000 psi)tensile strength; or standard coined vee blocks, 96 6 1 angle,of AISI C-1137 steel as an alternative, with a Rockwellhardness of HRC 20 to 24 and surface finish of 1.3 3 107to2.5 3 107m (5 to 10 in.), rms.7.1.2 Four Standard Test Pins,56.35-mm (14-in.) outsidediamet
27、er by 31.75 mm (114 in.) long, heat treated to1.24 3 109to 1.38 3 109Pa (180 000 to 200 000 psi) ultimatehardness; or Standard No. 8 Pins of AISI 3135 steel as analternative, with a hardness of HRB 87 to 91, on a ground, flatsurface (or approximately HRB 80 to 83 on the round), and asurface finish o
28、f 1.3 3 107to 2.5 3 107m (5 to 10 in.) rms.7.1.3 Locking (Shear) Pin,512 H Brass, conforming toSpecification B16/B16M.7.2 Required for Application of Dry Solid Film Lubricant-(see Annex A1):7.2.1 Phosphate Coating, manganese, conforming to Mili-tary Specification MIL-P-16232F, Type M, Class 3 contro
29、lledto a coating weight of 16 to 22 g/m2.FIG. 1 Schematic Diagram of Falex Pin and Vee Block Test MachineD2625 94 (2010)2NOTE 3Lack of rigid control of the phosphate coating weight cansignificantly impact the data scatter. A film controlled to the minimumrange is preferred over the uncontrolled stan
30、dard heavy phosphateoriginally called out.7.2.2 CleanersSelect a cleaning media and method whichis safe, non-film forming and which does not in any way attackor etch the surface chemically. In addition, no Class 1 ozonedepleting substances conforming to Section 602(a) of the CleanAir Act Amendments
31、of 1990 (42USC7671a) as identified inSection 326 of PL 102-484 should be used. Use a procedure asoutlined in Test Method F22 to judge the merit of the selectedcleaning technique.NOTE 4A typical solvent found acceptable for this purpose is Stod-dard solvent.7.2.2.1 No method of cleaning can be judged
32、 as acceptableunless there is a valid method of judging the success or failureof the cleaning method. Test Method F22 is a simple procedurethat can be used on the actual test apparatus or on test couponsto judge each cleaning methods viability.7.2.3 Aluminum Oxide, white angular abrasive, 180 grit t
33、o220 grit.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Thoroughly clean the jaw supports for the vee blocksand test journals, by washing with the solvent selected from7.2.2, of all debris or oil from previous test runs. See Note 4.8.2 Avoid contact with the fingers of the mating surfaces ofthe vee blocks and test
34、 pins.8.3 Avoid atmospheric contamination such as cigarettesmoke, as this can adversely affect the test results.9. Calibration of Load Gauge9.1 Calibration Procedure with 4500-lbf (20 000-N) LoadGauge:9.1.1 Remove the Allen set screw and 12.70-mm (12-in.)ball from the left jaw socket (Fig. 4).FIG. 1
35、 Digital Pin and Vee Block Test Machine (continued)FIG. 2 Exploded View of Vee Blocks and Journal Arrangement,Falex Pin and Vee Block Test MachineFIG. 3 Standard Curves for Load Gauge Calibration orConversion, Brinell Impression Diameter versus Gauge LoadReading, Using Standard Copper Test Coupon of
36、 HB 37/39D2625 94 (2010)39.1.2 Insert the specialAllen screw with the attached 10-mmBrinell ball into the working face of the left jaw.Adjust so thatthe ball projects about 4 mm (532 in.) from face of the jaw.9.1.3 Insert the back-up plug in the counterbore of theright-hand jaw. Adjust so that the p
37、lug projects about 0.8 mm(132 in.) from the face.9.1.4 Support the standard test coupon so that the upperedge of the coupon is about 2.5 mm (332 in.) below the uppersurface of the jaws. Place a steel rule across the face of thejaws.Adjust theAllen screw with the attached 10-mm ball untilthe face of
38、the jaws are parallel to the steel rule with the testcoupon in position for indentation.9.1.5 With the test coupon in position for the first impres-sion, place the load gauge assembly on the lever arms.9.1.6 Place the loading arm on the ratchet wheel and actuatethe motor.Allow the motor to run until
39、 the load gauge indicatesa load of 300 lbf (1330 N).Aslight takeup on the ratchet wheelis required to hold the load due to the ball sinking into the testcoupon.After the 300-lbf (1330-N) load is obtained, hold for 1min for the indentation to form.9.1.7 Turn off the machine and back off the load unti
40、l thetest coupon is free of the jaws. Advance the test couponapproximately 9.5 mm (38 in.) (additional indentations shouldbe separated by a minimum distance of 2.5 3 the diameter ofthe initial indentation). Check the alignment of the jaws, andrepeat the procedure described in 9.1.6 at gauge loads of
41、 750,1000, and 1500 lbf (3300, 4450, and 6650 N).9.1.8 Remove the load gauge assembly and test coupon andmeasure the diameter of each indentation to 0.01 mm with theBrinell microscope. Make three measurements of the indenta-tion diameter, rotating the test coupon to ensure that no twomeasurements re
42、present the same points. Average the threemeasurements of each impression and record.9.1.9 Plot the four impression readings versus gauge loadreadings on log-log paper (K or at 300, 700, 1100,and 1700 lbf (1330, 3100, 4880, and 7550 N) on the 3000-lbf(13 300-N) gauge. Plot the impression readings ve
43、rsus gaugeload readings, as in 9.1.9, with similar adjustments to the loadin order to produce indentation diameter that corresponds to theindentation diameter on the standard curve.10. Procedure A10.1 Insert the solid film coated vee blocks in the recesses ofthe load jaws.10.2 Mount the solid film c
44、oated pin in the test shaft andinsert a new brass shear pin as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.10.3 Swing the arms inward so that the vee blocks contactthe test pin in such a way that the vee grooves are aligned withthe pins major axis as shown in Fig. 2. Check this alignmentvisually. Place the automatic
45、 loading mechanism with attachedload gauge on the load arms and turn the ratched wheel by handuntil the test parts are securely seated, indicated by a slightupward movement of the load gauge needle. At this point thetorque gauge should read zero or be adjusted to read zero.10.4 Start the motor and e
46、ngage the automatic loadingratchet until a gauge load of 300 lbf (1330 N) is reached(approximately 265 lbf (1170 N) on the direct-reading gauge).Remove the load applying arm and continue running (at 290 610 r/min) for 3 min, then increase the load to 500 lbf (2220 N)(approximately 410 lbf (1820 N) o
47、n the direct-reading gauge)using the load applying arm, and run for 1 min.10.5 Increase load to 750 lbf (3330 N) (590 lbf (2620 N) onthe direct-reading gauge) and run for 1 min. Then increase theload to 1000 lbf (4450 N) (765 lbf (3400 N) on the direct-reading gauge). Maintain this load and measure
48、the time untilfailure. Load should be maintained by taking up on the rachetwheel as necessary. The total time until failure shall not includethe 3-min run-in.10.6 Failure is indicated by a torque rise of 10 in.lbf(1.13 Nm) above the steady-state value, or breakage of theshear pin. The test shall be
49、continued until one of the abovefailure criteria is attained. If the optional automatic cutoff,torque recorder, and timer (6.1.2) is used, set the cutoff point to10 in.lbf (1.13 Nm) above the initial steady state torque.When this preset torque is reached, the machine will shut offand the time of test may be read from the torque recordertracer5(Fig. 5).10.7 Four runs shall constitute a test.FIG. 4 Schematic Drawing of Calibration Accessories for FalexPin and Vee Block Test MachineD2625 94 (2010)411. Procedure B11.1 Repeat the cleaning a
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