1、Designation: D 2632 01Standard Test Method forRubber PropertyResilience by Vertical Rebound1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2632; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu
2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of impactresi
3、lience of solid rubber from measurement of the verticalrebound of a dropped mass.1.2 This test method is not applicable to the testing ofcellular rubbers or coated fabrics.1.3 A standard test method for impact resilience and pen-etration of rubber by a rebound pendulum is described in TestMethod D 1
4、054.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish
5、 appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing2D 832 Practice for Rubber Conditioning for Low-Temperature Testing3D 1054 Test Method for R
6、ubber PropertyResilience Us-ing a Rebound Pendulum3D 1349 Practice for RubberStandard Temperatures forTesting3D 1566 Terminology Relating to Rubber3D 3182 Practice for RubberMaterials, Equipment, andProcedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Prepar-ing Standard Vulcanized Sheets3D 3183 Practice fo
7、r RubberPreparation of Pieces for TestPurposes from Products3D 4483 Practice for Determining Precision for Test MethodStandards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Industries32.2 Other Documents:4ISO-10012-1 Quality Assurance Requirements for Measur-ing EquipmentPart 1: Metrological Confirmation Sys-tem
8、for Measuring Equipment5ANSI/NCSL-Z540-1 American National Standard forCalibrationCalibration Laboratories and Measuring andTest EquipmentGeneral Requirements63. Summary of Test Method3.1 Resilience is determined as the ratio of rebound heightto drop height of a metal plunger of prescribed mass and
9、shapewhich is allowed to fall on the rubber specimen.4. Significance and Use4.1 Resilience is a function of both dynamic modulus andinternal friction of a rubber. It is very sensitive to temperaturechanges and to depth of penetration of the plunger. Conse-quently, resilience values from one type of
10、rebound instrumentmay not, in general, be predicted from results on another typeof rebound instrument.4.2 This test method is used for development and compari-son of materials. It may not directly relate to end-use perfor-mance.5. Apparatus5.1 A diagram of the essential features and dimensions ofthe
11、 apparatus appears in Fig. 1. It includes means for suspend-ing a plunger at a given height above the specimen, its release,and measuring the subsequent rebound height.5.1.1 Each resilience instrument shall have a unique identi-fication number assigned and permanently and visibly im-printed or affix
12、ed upon it.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on Rubberand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.14 on Time and Temperature-Dependent Physical Properties.Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2001. Published January 2002. Originallypublished as D 2632 67. Last p
13、revious edition D 2632 96.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01.4This test method previously referenced MIL-STD-4662a Military Standard:Calibration System Requirements, which was subsequently canceled by the Depart-ment of Defense in February 1995. These
14、 are the DoD recommended replacementdocuments.5Available from the International Organization for Standardization, 1 rue deVaremb, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.6Available from the American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., 4thFloor, New York, NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM I
15、nternational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2 The plunger dimensions are also given in Fig. 1. Itsmass shall be 28 6 0.5 g.5.3 The height of the drop point and of the resilience scaleabove the base of the instrument shall be adjustable so that
16、thedrop height is always 400 6 1mm(166 0.04 in.) above thespecimen surface. The resilience scale shall be marked in 100equally spaced divisions.5.3.1 The top of the plunger should be in line with 100 onthe scale when the plunger is locked in the elevated position.Some models of the apparatus do not
17、meet this requirement,but may be modified to do so.5.4 The descent of the plunger and its ensuing ascent(rebound) is guided by a vertical rod (plunger guide). In orderto minimize friction between the plunger and the vertical rod,a means shall be provided for leveling the base of theinstrument and ad
18、justing the perpendicularity of the verticalrod to the instrument base.5.4.1 The bottom of the vertical rod shall havea4mmdiameter sharp point formed by a 60 angle, to secure thelocation of the bottommost end of the vertical rod. This pointshould indent the test specimen, providing a secure location
19、 forthe free end of the guide rod.5.4.2 The plunger shall be allowed to rest at the lowest pointof travel and act as a guide to position the rod in the center ofthe stabilizer, as is visually practical under 103 magnification,as it is lowered onto the test specimen.5.5 An opaque shield may be mounte
20、d between the operatorand the plunger scale to be used for pass-fail test determina-tions. In use, the shield is adjusted so that its upper edge (orcentral-most graduation within a range) is even with thedesired test determination. If the top of the rebounding plungeris visible above the shield (or
21、within graduations demarcatinga predetermined range of acceptability), the specimen passes.6. Test Specimen6.1 Mixing, sheeting, and curing shall be performed inaccordance with Practices D 3182 and D 3183, unless other-wise specified.FIG. 1 Vertical Rebound ApparatusD 2632 0126.2 The standard test s
22、pecimen shall have a thickness of12.5 6 0.5 mm (0.50 6 0.02 in.). The specimen shall be cutfrom a slab or specifically molded so that the point of plungerimpact is a minimum distance of 14 mm (0.55 in.) from theedge of the specimen.6.2.1 Any variation from the standard test specimen shall bereported
23、 (see 11.3).6.3 Alternative specimens may be prepared by plyingsamples cut from a standard test slab. These samples shall beplied, without cementing, to the thickness required. Such pliesshall be smooth, flat, and of uniform thickness. The resultsobtained with these specimens will not necessarily be
24、 identicalwith those obtained using a solid specimen of the samematerial and state of cure.6.3.1 A thin specimen reaches a higher state of cure at agiven time and temperature of cure than does a thickerspecimen. Therefore, if plied specimens are used, their curetime should be appropriately lower tha
25、n that of unpliedspecimens used for comparison.6.4 Specimens may be prepared from finished products bycutting and buffing to the required dimensions, making surethat the opposing faces are parallel and that grain direction,where applicable, is uniform.6.4.1 When buffing is required, it is recommende
26、d that onlyone side be buffed and the unbuffed side tested or, if both sidesmust be buffed, comparisons should not be made betweenbuffed and unbuffed specimens.7. Calibration7.1 All materials, instruments, or equipment used for thedetermination of force, mass, or dimension in the calibration ofthis
27、instrument or mechanical spring calibration device shall betraceable to the National Institute for Standards and Technol-ogy (NIST) or other internationally recognized organizationparallel in nature and scope.7.2 Calibration Device:7.2.1 A mechanical spring calibration device (see Fig. 2)shall be us
28、ed to calibrate this instrument.77.2.2 The force required to fully compress the spring, priorto being mounted in the receptacle, shall be 8.06 6 0.081 N(822 6 8.22 g).7.2.3 The mechanical spring calibration device shall have aunique identification number assigned and permanently andvisibly imprinted
29、 or affixed upon it.7.2.4 The resilience values assigned to an instrument usingthe mechanical spring calibration device shall be established atthe time of calibration.7.3 Calibration Procedure:7.3.1 The instrument shall be situated on a flat, level,vibration-free platform. The instrument shall be ad
30、justed sothat it is plumb and level, verified either by the integral level orby an external device designed for this purpose and inaccordance with the manufacturers instructions.7.3.2 Perpendicularity of the vertical rod (plunger guide) tothe support surface shall be verified by a device designed fo
31、rthis purpose and in accordance with the manufacturers instruc-tions.7.3.3 The dimensions and mass of the plunger (see 5.2 andFig. 1), the scale graduations, height of the drop point, and ofthe resilience scale above the base of the instrument (see 5.3and Fig. 1) shall be verified by devices designe
32、d for thispurpose.7.3.4 The calibration procedure shall be performed in thestandard laboratory atmosphere as defined in Practice D 618.The instrument, mechanical spring calibration device, and anyinstrument or equipment used in the calibration procedure shallequilibrate at the standard laboratory te
33、mperature for a mini-mum of 12 h prior to performing the calibration.7.3.5 Situate the mechanical spring calibration device se-curely in the instrument as described in Section 5 and inaccordance with the manufacturers instructions.7.3.6 Make three sets of five readings, averaging each set.Each set b
34、ecomes a test determination. Average the three testdeterminations to the nearest whole number. This wholenumber becomes the resilience calibration value for the instru-ment.7.3.7 The instrument shall be considered in calibration if theresilience calibration value is within 62 points of the resilienc
35、ecalibration value established for the mechanical spring calibra-tion device.7.3.8 The resilience calibration value is assigned to themechanical spring calibration device by the manufacturer or bythe calibration service supplier using an identical resilienceinstrument, following the procedure outlin
36、ed herein.7.3.9 If the instrument is provided with a mechanical springdevice, this device shall have a resilience calibration valueassigned, following the procedure outlined herein. This devicemay be used to determine the state of calibration of theinstrument during routine testing at a frequency de
37、termined bythe user. It shall not be used as a calibration device.7The calibration device is available from Wilson-Shore Instrument Company,Division of Instron Corporation, 100 Royall St., Canton, MA 02021, or from CCSi,Inc., 1145 Highbrook Ave., Suite 500, Akron, OH 44301.FIG. 2 Spring Calibration
38、DeviceD 2632 0137.3.10 Calibration frequencies and calibration recordsshould be kept in accordance with procedures outlined in thedocuments described in 2.2 or as required by the usersproprietary quality system.7.4 The calibration report shall contain the following infor-mation:7.4.1 Date of calibra
39、tion.7.4.2 Date of last calibration.7.4.3 Manufacturer, type, model, and serial number of theinstrument.7.4.4 Manufacturer, type, model, and serial number of themechanical spring calibration devices.7.4.5 Values obtained (pre- and post-calibration results),following the procedure outlined in 7.3.7.4
40、.6 Ambient temperature.7.4.7 Relative humidity.7.4.8 Technician identification.7.4.9 Applicable standards to which the instrument is cali-brated.7.4.10 Calibrating instrument information to include type,serial number, manufacturer, date of last calibration, and astatement of traceability of standard
41、s used to NIST or otheracceptable organization. See 7.1.8. Test Temperature8.1 Test procedures shall be performed in the standardlaboratory atmosphere as defined in Practice D 618 unlessotherwise agreed upon between customer and supplier orbetween laboratories.8.2 The instrument and test specimens s
42、hall be conditionedin the standard laboratory atmosphere as described in PracticeD 618 unless otherwise agreed upon between customer andsupplier or between laboratories.8.3 When test procedures are conducted at temperatures orconditions other than those specified in 8.1 and 8.2, they shallbe chosen
43、from those enumerated in Practices D 618, D 832, orD 1349 and the procedures described therein shall be followedunless otherwise agreed upon between customer and supplieror between laboratories.9. Procedure9.1 Level the instrument (see 7.3.1) and raise the plunger tothe top of its guide rod.9.2 Posi
44、tion the resilience scale (see 5.3) so that its full massrests upon the specimen (see 5.3.1). Lock it in this position.9.3 Release the plunger, ensuring that it slides freely on thevertical rod (plunger guide) (see 5.3.1).9.3.1 Lateral force or impact on the guide rod may result inthe hindrance of t
45、he descent of the plunger. Do not lubricateany part of the instrument. Always keep a standard testspecimen under the stabilizer when not in use to avoid damageto the plunger.9.4 Test three specimens from the same sample, making sixtest determinations on each specimen. Refer to TerminologyD 1566 for
46、definitions of specimen and sample and to PracticeD 4483 for definitions of determinations and results.9.4.1 Do not reposition the specimen once the initial testdetermination has been made.9.4.2 Do not record the first three test determinations, asthese condition and stabilize the specimen.9.4.3 Rec
47、ord the last three test determinations.10. Calculations10.1 The instrument scale is divided into 100 equal parts,therefore a test determination is equal to the resilience value inpercent.10.2 Average the 4th, 5th, and 6th test determinations (see9.4.3) from a specimen to calculate the test result fr
48、om thespecimen.10.3 Average or alternatively, determine the median, the testresults from the three specimens to the nearest whole number.This whole number is the resilience value of the sample. Themedian may also be used.11. Report11.1 Report the test results from the specimens (see 10.2).11.2 Repor
49、t the average or alternatively, the median, of thethree test results (see 10.3).11.3 Describe and report any variation from standard testspecimen or standard conditions.12. Precision and Bias12.1 This precision and bias section has been prepared inaccordance with Practice D 4483. Refer to this practice forterminology and other statistical calculation details.12.2 A Type 1 (interlaboratory) precision was evaluated in1987. Both repeatability and reproducibility are short term, aperiod of a few days separates replicate test results. A test resultis the average value, as
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