1、Designation: D 2633 08An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forThermoplastic Insulations and Jackets for Wire and Cable1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2633; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the testing ofthermoplastic insulations and jackets use
3、d on insulated wireand cable. To determine the test to be made on the particularinsulation or jacket compound, refer to the product specifica-tion for that type. These test methods do not apply to the classof products known as flexible cords. The electrical tests oninsulation and water-absorption te
4、sts do not apply to the classof products having a separator between the conductor and theinsulation.1.2 These test methods pertain to insulation or jacketmaterial for electrical wires and cables. In many instances theinsulation or jacket material cannot be tested unless it has beenformed around a co
5、nductor or cable. Therefore, tests are doneon insulated or jacketed wire or cable in these test methodssolely to determine the relevant property of the insulation orjacket material and not to test the conductor or completedcable.1.3 Whenever two sets of values are presented, in differentunits, the v
6、alues in the first set are the standard, while those inparentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health pract
7、ices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardssee Sections 4 and 63.1.5 The procedures appear in the following sections:Procedure SectionsCold Bend Test 75 to 77Dielectric Strength Retention Test 45 to 51Electrical Tests of Insulation 17 to 29Heat
8、Distortion Test 74Heat Shock Test 73Insulation Resistance Test 30 to 37Partial-Discharge Extinction Level Test 38 to 44Physical Tests of Insulation and Jackets 5 to 16Surface Resistivity Test 64 to 67Thermal Tests 72 to 77Track Resistance Test 78 to 81U-Bend Discharge Test 68 to 71Vertical Flame Tes
9、t 63Water Absorption Tests, Accelerated 52 to 622. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage andDielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materialsat Commercial Power FrequenciesD 150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Per-mittivity
10、 (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insula-tionD 257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance ofInsulating MaterialsD 374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-lationD 471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD 573 Test Method for RubberDeterioration in an AirOve
11、nD 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD 1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical InsulationD 1248 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics ExtrusionMaterials for Wire and CableD 2132 Test Method for Dust-and-Fog Tracking and Ero-sion Resistance of Electrical Insulating MaterialsD 3755 T
12、est Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage andDielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating MaterialsUnder Direct-Voltage StressD 5025 Specification for Laboratory Burner Used forSmall-Scale Burning Tests on Plastic MaterialsD 5207 Practice for Confirmation of 20mm (50W) and125mm (500W) Test F
13、lames for Small-Scale BurningTests on Plastic MaterialsD 5423 Specification for Forced-Convection LaboratoryOvens for Evaluation of Electrical InsulationE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications1These methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM
14、 Committee D09 onElectrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D09.18 on Solid Insulations, Non-Metallic Shieldings and Coveringsfor Electrical and Telecommunication Wires and Cables.Current edition approved May 15, 2008. Published June 2008. Origina
15、llyapproved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 2633 02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe A
16、STM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.2 Federal Standard:Federal Specification for Tape; Paper, Gummed (Kraft)(PPP-T-45D)32.3 ICEA Standard:T-2
17、4-380 Guide for Partial-Discharge Procedure43. Terminology3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in these testmethods, refer to Terminology D 1711.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 aging (act of), nexposure of material to air or oil ata temperature and a time as specif
18、ied in the relevant materialspecification for that material.3.3 Symbol:3.3.1 kcmil = thousands of circular mils.4. Hazards4.1 High Voltage:4.1.1 WarningLethal voltages are a potential hazardduring the performance of this test. It is essential that the testapparatus, and all associated equipment elec
19、trically connectedto it, be properly designed and installed for safe operation.Solidly ground all electrically conductive parts which it ispossible for a person to contact during the test. Provide meansfor use at the completion of any test to ground any parts whichwere at high voltage during the tes
20、t or have the potential foracquiring an induced charge during the test or retaining acharge even after disconnection of the voltage source. Thor-oughly instruct all operators as to the correct procedures forperforming tests safely. When making high voltage tests,particularly in compressed gas or in
21、oil, it is possible for theenergy released at breakdown to be sufficient to result in fire,explosion, or rupture of the test chamber. Design test equip-ment, test chambers, and test specimens so as to minimize thepossibility of such occurrences and to eliminate the possibilityof personal injury. If
22、the potential for fire exists, have firesuppression equipment available. See 20.1, 27.1, 33.1, 42.1,48.1, 55.1, 65.1, 69.1, and 79.1.PHYSICAL TESTS OF INSULATIONS AND JACKETS5. Scope5.1 Physical tests include determination of the followingproperties of insulations and jackets:5.1.1 Thickness,5.1.2 T
23、ensile strength,5.1.3 Ultimate elongation,5.1.4 Accelerated aging,5.1.5 Effects of oil immersion,5.1.6 Accelerated water absorption,5.1.7 Flame test evaluation,5.1.8 Heat shock,5.1.9 Heat distortion, and5.1.10 Cold bend.6. Significance and Use6.1 Physical tests, properly interpreted, provide informa
24、tionwith regard to the physical properties of the insulation orjacket. The physical test values give an approximation of howthe insulation will physically perform in its service life.Physical tests provide useful data for research and develop-ment, engineering design, quality control, and acceptance
25、 orrejection under specifications.7. Sampling7.1 Number of SamplesUnless otherwise required by thedetailed product specification, sample the wire and cable to dothe physical tests other than the tests for insulation and jacketthickness, as follows:7.1.1 For sizes of less than 250 kcmil (127 mm2)Sele
26、ctone sample for each quantity ordered between 2000 ft (600 m)and 50 000 ft (15 200 m) of wire or cable. Select one additionalsample for each additional 50 000 ft thereafter. Do not select asample from lots of less than 2000 ft.7.1.2 For sizes of 250 kcmil (127 mm2) and overSelectone sample for each
27、 quantity ordered between 1000 ft (300 m)and 25 000 ft (7600 m) of wire or cable. Select one additionalsample for each additional 25 000 ft thereafter. Do not select asample from lots of less than 1000 ft.7.2 Size of SamplesChoose samples at least 6 ft (2 m) inlength when the wire size is less than
28、250 kcmil (127 mm2).Select a sample at least 3 ft (1 m) in length when the wire sizeis 250 kcmil or larger.8. Test Specimens8.1 Number of SpecimensFrom each of the samples se-lected in accordance with Section 7, prepare test specimens asfollows:Test Number of Test SpecimensFor determination of origi
29、nal tensile strengthand ultimate elongation3For aging test 3For oil immersion 3When only one or two samples are selected, test all threespecimens of each sample, and report the average result ofeach. Otherwise, test one specimen of each three and hold theother two specimens in reserve.8.2 Size of Sp
30、ecimensWhen testing wire smaller than 6AWG (13.3 mm2) which has an insulation thickness less than0.095 in. (2.41 mm), test the entire specimen cut from thesection of the insulation. When testing wire of 6 AWG andlarger, or wire smaller than 6 AWG having an insulationthickness greater than 0.095 in.,
31、 cut specimens approximatelysquare in section, with a cross section not greater than 0.025in.2(1.6 mm2) from the insulation. If necessary, use a seg-mented or sector-shaped specimen. Make the test specimensapproximately 6 in. (150 mm) long. Take the jacket compoundtest specimens from the complete wi
32、re assembly. Cut thespecimens parallel to the axis of the wire. Cut a test specimen(either a segment or sector) with a suitable sharp instrument.Alternatively, use a die to prepare a shaped specimen with across-sectional area not greater than 0.025 in.2.8.3 Preparation of SpecimensPrepare specimens
33、havingsmooth uncut surfaces. Remove irregularities and corrugations3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.4Available from The Insulated Cable Engineers Association, Inc. (ICEA), P.O.Box 1568, Carrollton, GA 3
34、0112, http:/.D2633082by buffing, planing, or skiving so that the test specimen issmooth and uniform in thickness. Remove reinforcing cords orwires carefully. Do not heat, immerse in water, or subjectspecimens to any mechanical or chemical treatment not spe-cifically prescribed in these test methods.
35、Additional treatmentsmust be agreed upon by the producer and the purchaser.8.4 Insulation removal is often facilitated by stretching theconductor to the breaking point in a tensile-strength machine,or by cutting the insulation through to the conductor, longitu-dinally, and carefully removing it.9. M
36、easurement of Thickness of Specimens9.1 Make thickness measurements of the insulation with anytype of micrometer reading to 0.001 in. (0.025 mm) andsuitable for measurements of this characteristic. See TestMethods D 374 for appropriate measuring devices. ApparatusA is preferred, Apparatus C and Appa
37、ratus D are acceptable,butApparatus B is not recommended. The average thickness ofthe insulation is calculated as one half the difference betweenthe mean of the maximum and minimum diameters over theinsulation at one point and the average diameter of theconductor measured at the same point. The mini
38、mum thicknessof the insulation is calculated as the difference between ameasurement made over the conductor plus the thinnestinsulation wall, and the diameter of the conductor. (Make thefirst measurement after slicing off the thicker side of theinsulation.) When the wire or cable has a jacket, remov
39、e thejacket and determine its minimum and maximum thickness bymicrometer measurement. Take the average of these determi-nations as the average thickness of the jacket.9.2 If the procedures given in 9.1 cannot be followedconveniently, use of an optical micrometer is permitted.9.3 Number of Thickness
40、Measurements When the lot ofwire to be inspected consists of two or fewer coils or reels,make at least one determination of the thickness on each coil orreel. When the lot is greater than two coils or reels and fewerthan 20 coils or reels, make at least one determination of thethickness on each of t
41、wo coils or reels selected at random. Forlots greater than 20 coils or reels, randomly select a minimumof 10 % of the coils or reels. Make at least one determinationof thickness on each coil or reel selected.10. Physical Test Procedures10.1 Determine the physical properties in accordance withTest Me
42、thod D 638, except as specified in 10.2, 10.3, and 10.4.10.2 Test the specimens at a temperature of 68 to 82 F (20to 28 C).10.3 Mark specimens for all physical tests with gauge marks1 in. (25 mm) apart. Place a specimen in the jaws of the testingmachine. The maximum distance between the jaws is 2 in
43、. (50mm).10.4 Test insulation or jacketing at a jaw separation speed asspecified in Specification D 1248 or other applicable productspecification.11. Calculation of Area of Specimens11.1 Calculate the area of a test specimen as follows:11.1.1 When the total cross-section of the insulation is used,ca
44、lculate the area as the difference between the area of thecircle whose diameter is the average outside diameter of theinsulation and the area of the conductor. Calculate the area ofa stranded conductor from its maximum diameter.11.1.2 Where the specimen is a slice cut from the insulationby a knife h
45、eld tangent to the wire, and the resulting cross-section of that slice is not a segment of a circle, calculate thearea from a direct measurement of the volume or from thespecific gravity and the weight of a known length of thespecimen having a uniform cross-section.11.1.3 When a portion of a sector
46、of a circle is taken froma large conductor, calculate the area as the thickness times thewidth. (This applies either to a die cut specimen or one fromwhich all corrugations have been removed.)11.1.4 Determine the dimensions of specimens to be agedbefore the aging cycle is begun.12. Aging Test12.1 Ag
47、e specimens in accordance with Test Method D 573,except as specified in 12.2, 12.3, and 12.4.12.2 Use an oven that meets the requirements given inSpecification D 5423 for Type II ovens.12.3 The product specification defines the test period andtemperature of heat aging.12.4 Test the tensile strength
48、and ultimate elongation of thespecimens between 16 and 96 h after completion of heat aging.Use the procedure described in Section 11. Perform physicaltests on both aged and unaged specimens at the same time.13. Oil Immersion Test13.1 Oil Immersion Test for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Insulationand JacketIm
49、merse the following test specimens in ASTMOil No. 2, IRM902, or equivalent, described in Table 1 of TestMethod D 471,at1586 1.8 F (70 6 1 C) for 4 h.13.1.1 When using insulated conductors in sizes smallerthan 6 AWG (13.3 mm2), do not immerse the ends of thespecimens.13.1.2 Buffed die-cut specimens of the insulation in sizes 6AWG (13.3 mm2) and larger.13.1.3 Buffed die-cut specimens of the jacket.13.2 Aftera4hexposure period to ASTM Oil No. 2,IRM902, or its equivalent, remove the specimens from the oil.Blot specimens to remove excess oil, and conditio
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