ASTM D2645-2007(2012) Standard Tolerances for Yarns Spun on the Cotton or Worsted Systems《棉纺或精纺系统中纺成纱的标准公差》.pdf

1、Designation: D2645 07 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Tolerances forYarns Spun on the Cotton or Worsted Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2645; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r

2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These tolerances are applicable to all yarns spun on thecotton or the worsted system, either carded or combed, andcomposed o

3、f any fiber or mixture of fibers, except cotton tirecords and novelty or fancy yarns.1.2 These tolerances are applicable only to yarns taken frompackages, and not to yarns taken from greige or processedfabrics.NOTE 1For tolerances for other spun yarns, see Tolerances D2644,Methods D179 and D738, and

4、 Specifications D541 and D681.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitation

5、s prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles3D179 Methods of Testing Cotton Tire Cords and CordFabrics Made from Cotton3D541 Specification for Single Jute Yarn3D681 Specification for Jute Rove and Piled Yarn for Elec-trical and Packing Purposes3 3D7

6、38 Methods of Testing and Tolerances for Rope Madefrom Bast and Leaf Fibers3D1422 Test Method for Twist in Single Spun Yarns by theUntwist-Retwist MethodD1423 Test Method for Twist in Yarns by Direct-CountingD1578 Test Method for Breaking Strength of Yarn in SkeinFormD1907 Test Method for Linear Den

7、sity of Yarn (YarnNumber) by the Skein MethodD2255 Test Method for Grading SpunYarns forAppearanceD2256 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by theSingle-Strand MethodD2257 Test Method for Extractable Matter in TextilesD2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for TestingD2494 Test Method for Commerci

8、al Mass of a Shipment ofYarn or Manufactured Staple Fiber or TowD2644 Tolerances for Yarns Spun on the Woolen SystemD4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers3. Terminology3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.58, Yarns andFibers, refer to Terminology D4849.3.1.1 The following terms are relevan

9、t to this standard:cotton system, tolerances, worsted system.3.2 For all other terminology related to extiles, refer toTerminology D123.4. Sampling4.1 Take samples as directed in the applicable materialspecification, or in the absence of specifications, proceed asdirected in Practice D2258.5. Tolera

10、nces5.1 StrengthThe average breaking force of each lot shallbe equal to or greater than the specified minimum.5.2 Yarn Number:5.2.1 The average yarn number of yarns spun on cottonsystem or the worsted system shall conform to the limits:specified value6 4.0 % of the specified value.5.3 Twist:5.3.1 Th

11、e direction of twist in each package or end shall beS or Z, as specified.5.3.2 In all cotton-system yarns except single yarns made ofcotton, the average twist shall conform to the limits: specifiedvalue 6 5.0 % of the specified value. In single cotton yarns,including the single yarn components of pl

12、ied cotton yarns, theaverage twist shall conform to the limits: specified value 610.0 % of the specified value. In yarns spun on the worstedsystem the average twist shall conform to the limits: specifiedvalue 6 7.5 % of the specified value.1These tolerances are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committ

13、ee D13 onTextiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns andFibers.Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published August 2012. Originallyapproved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D2645 07. DOI:10.1520/D2645-07R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit th

14、e ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1

15、9428-2959, United States.5.4 Extractable MatterThe average percent extractablematter in yarns spun on the worsted system shall not exceed thefollowing values:%Oil-spun yarns 4.0Dry-spun yarns 1.755.5 AppearanceAt least 80 % of the specimens examinedshall be equal in appearance to the standard for th

16、e specifiedgrade. The remaining 20 % shall not fall below the next lowergrade.5.6 Uniformity:5.6.1 Yarns Spun on the Cotton SystemThe coefficients ofvariation of individual observations shall not exceed the limitsin Table 1.5.6.2 Yarns Spun on the Worsted SystemThe average twistof the package contai

17、ning the highest average twist shall not behigher than that of the package containing the lowest averagetwist by more than 15.0 % of the lower average.5.7 Commercial MassIn the absence of other contractualagreements, the invoice mass, that is the commercial mass asadopted in a specific branch of the

18、 textile trade, and asdetermined by the supplier, shall not exceed the commercialmass as determined by the purchaser, by more than 1 %. Inbranches of the textile trade which use the net mass as thecommercial mass, the latter is subject to the same limitation.NOTE 2Particular attention is drawn to th

19、e results of an interlabora-tory test described in Section 10 of Method D2494.6. Test Methods6.1 StrengthDetermine the breaking force as directed inTest Method D1578, or Test Method D2256, as agreed orspecified.6.2 Yarn NumberDetermine the yarn number by TestMethod D1907, using Option 1 for cotton s

20、ystem yarns andOption 1, 3, or 6 for worsted-spun yarns, as agreed or specified.6.3 TwistDetermine the twist as directed in Test MethodD1423, or, by agreement (for single yarns only), Test MethodD1422.6.4 Extractable MatterDetermine the percent extractablematter as directed in Test Method D2257.6.5

21、Yarn AppearanceDetermine the appearance grade ofyarns as directed in Test Method D2255.6.6 MassDetermine the net mass and, if required, thecommercial mass of the shipment as directed in Test MethodD2494.7. Conformance7.1 The purchaser and supplier may agree on a procedure toestablish conformance, in

22、cluding control charts furnished bythe supplier, a sequential-sampling plan, or the double-sampling plan outlined in 7.2.7.2 In the absence of a control-chart or sequential-samplingplan, proceed as directed in 7.2.1-7.2.3.7.2.1 If the test results for the lot conform to the tolerancesfor all charact

23、eristics specified in Section 5, consider the lot avalid delivery.7.2.2 If the test results for one or more characteristics do notconform to the tolerances, take a new laboratory sample fromeither the original lot sample or a new lot sample. Retest the lotfor the characteristic(s) that did not confo

24、rm to the tolerancesin the first test, and average the results of the first and secondsamples as if the results were from one test of double theoriginal number of specimens. If the new average(s) con-form(s) to the specified tolerances, consider the lot a validdelivery.7.2.3 If the test results obta

25、ined as directed in 7.2.2 do notconform to the specified tolerances, consider the lot a nonvaliddelivery.8. Keywords8.1 appearance; commercial mass; cotton system; extract-able matter; strand; tolerance; twist; strength; unevenness;worsted system; yarn; yarn-numberASTM International takes no positio

26、n respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

27、This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM I

28、nternational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address sho

29、wn below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832

30、-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE 1 Coefficients of Variation of Individual ObservationsACarded,%Combed,%Yarn number 5 4Breaking fo

31、rce, skein 8 6Breaking force, single strand 18 16Twist (direct-counting method) 25 22Twist (untwist-twist, 12.5 cm (5 in.) 14 12Twist (untwist-twist, 25.0 cm (10 in.) 12 10AHigher coefficients of variation than those listed may indicate either poorcontrol of the manufacturing processes or mixed yarn from two or more productionlots.D2645 07 (2012)2