ASTM D2645-2007(2018) Standard Tolerances for Yarns Spun on the Cotton or Worsted Systems.pdf

1、Designation: D2645 07 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Tolerances forYarns Spun on the Cotton or Worsted Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2645; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r

2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These tolerances are applicable to all yarns spun on thecotton or the worsted system, either carded or combed, andcomposed o

3、f any fiber or mixture of fibers, except cotton tirecords and novelty or fancy yarns.1.2 These tolerances are applicable only to yarns taken frompackages, and not to yarns taken from greige or processedfabrics.NOTE 1For tolerances for other spun yarns, see Tolerances D2644,Methods D179 and D738, and

4、 Specifications D541 and D681.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regul

5、atory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Or

6、ganization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD179 Methods of Testing Cotton Tire Cords and CordFabrics Made from Cotton (Withdrawn 1974)3D541 Specification for Single Jute Yarn (Withdrawn 1996)3D681 Specificatio

7、n for Jute Rove and Plied Yarn for Elec-trical and Packing Purposes (Withdrawn 2000)3D738 Methods of Testing and Tolerances for Rope Madefrom Bast and Leaf Fibers (Withdrawn 1971)3D1422/D1422M Test Method for Twist in Single Spun Yarnsby the Untwist-Retwist MethodD1423/D1423M Test Method for Twist i

8、n Yarns by Direct-CountingD1578 Test Method for Breaking Strength of Yarn in SkeinFormD1907/D1907M Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn(Yarn Number) by the Skein MethodD2255/D2255M Test Method for Grading Spun Yarns forAppearanceD2256/D2256M Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarnsby the Single

9、Strand MethodD2257 Test Method for Extractable Matter in TextilesD2258/D2258M Practice for Sampling Yarn for TestingD2494 Test Method for Commercial Mass of a Shipment ofYarn or Manufactured Staple Fiber or TowD2644 Tolerances for Yarns Spun on the Woolen SystemD4849 Terminology Related to Yarns an

10、d Fibers3. Terminology3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.58, Yarns andFibers, refer to Terminology D4849.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:cotton system, tolerances, worsted system.3.2 For all other terminology related to extiles, refer toTerminology D123.4. Sampling4.1 Ta

11、ke samples as directed in the applicable materialspecification, or in the absence of specifications, proceed asdirected in Practice D2258/D2258M.5. Tolerances5.1 StrengthThe average breaking force of each lot shallbe equal to or greater than the specified minimum.5.2 Yarn Number:5.2.1 The average ya

12、rn number of yarns spun on cottonsystem or the worsted system shall conform to the limits:specified value 64.0 % of the specified value.5.3 Twist:5.3.1 The direction of twist in each package or end shall beS or Z, as specified.1These tolerances are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 onText

13、iles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns andFibers.Current edition approved July 1, 2018. Published July 2018. Originally approvedin 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D2645 07 (2012). DOI:10.1520/D2645-07R18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM w

14、ebsite, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM Internatio

15、nal, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guide

16、s and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.15.3.2 In all cotton-system yarns except single yarns made ofcotton, the average twist shall conform to the limits: specifiedvalue 65.0 % of the specified value. In single cotton yarns,including

17、the single yarn components of plied cotton yarns, theaverage twist shall conform to the limits: specified value610.0 % of the specified value. In yarns spun on the worstedsystem the average twist shall conform to the limits: specifiedvalue 67.5 % of the specified value.5.4 Extractable MatterThe aver

18、age percent extractablematter in yarns spun on the worsted system shall not exceed thefollowing values:%Oil-spun yarns 4.0Dry-spun yarns 1.755.5 AppearanceAt least 80 % of the specimens examinedshall be equal in appearance to the standard for the specifiedgrade. The remaining 20 % shall not fall bel

19、ow the next lowergrade.5.6 Uniformity:5.6.1 Yarns Spun on the Cotton SystemThe coefficients ofvariation of individual observations shall not exceed the limitsin Table 1.5.6.2 Yarns Spun on the Worsted SystemThe average twistof the package containing the highest average twist shall not behigher than

20、that of the package containing the lowest averagetwist by more than 15.0 % of the lower average.5.7 Commercial MassIn the absence of other contractualagreements, the invoice mass, that is the commercial mass asadopted in a specific branch of the textile trade, and asdetermined by the supplier, shall

21、 not exceed the commercialmass as determined by the purchaser, by more than 1 %. Inbranches of the textile trade which use the net mass as thecommercial mass, the latter is subject to the same limitation.NOTE 2Particular attention is drawn to the results of an interlabora-tory test described in Sect

22、ion 10 of Method D2494.6. Test Methods6.1 StrengthDetermine the breaking force as directed inTest Method D1578, or Test Method D2256/D2256M,asagreed or specified.6.2 Yarn NumberDetermine the yarn number by TestMethod D1907/D1907M, using Option 1 for cotton systemyarns and Option 1, 3, or 6 for worst

23、ed-spun yarns, as agreedor specified.6.3 TwistDetermine the twist as directed in Test MethodD1423/D1423M, or, by agreement (for single yarns only), TestMethod D1422/D1422M.6.4 Extractable MatterDetermine the percent extractablematter as directed in Test Method D2257.6.5 Yarn AppearanceDetermine the

24、appearance grade ofyarns as directed in Test Method D2255/D2255M.6.6 MassDetermine the net mass and, if required, thecommercial mass of the shipment as directed in Test MethodD2494.7. Conformance7.1 The purchaser and supplier may agree on a procedure toestablish conformance, including control charts

25、 furnished bythe supplier, a sequential-sampling plan, or the double-sampling plan outlined in 7.2.7.2 In the absence of a control-chart or sequential-samplingplan, proceed as directed in 7.2.1 7.2.3.7.2.1 If the test results for the lot conform to the tolerancesfor all characteristics specified in

26、Section 5, consider the lot avalid delivery.7.2.2 If the test results for one or more characteristics do notconform to the tolerances, take a new laboratory sample fromeither the original lot sample or a new lot sample. Retest the lotfor the characteristic(s) that did not conform to the tolerancesin

27、 the first test, and average the results of the first and secondsamples as if the results were from one test of double theoriginal number of specimens. If the new average(s) con-form(s) to the specified tolerances, consider the lot a validdelivery.7.2.3 If the test results obtained as directed in 7.

28、2.2 do notconform to the specified tolerances, consider the lot a nonvaliddelivery.8. Keywords8.1 appearance; commercial mass; cotton system; extract-able matter; strand; tolerance; twist; strength; unevenness;worsted system; yarn; yarn-numberTABLE 1 Coefficients of Variation of Individual Observati

29、onsACarded,%Combed,%Yarn number 5 4Breaking force, skein 8 6Breaking force, single strand 18 16Twist (direct-counting method) 25 22Twist (untwist-twist, 12.5 cm (5 in.) 14 12Twist (untwist-twist, 25.0 cm (10 in.) 12 10AHigher coefficients of variation than those listed may indicate either poor contr

30、olof the manufacturing processes or mixed yarn from two or more production lots.D2645 07 (2018)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determin

31、ation of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or wit

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33、ur comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (sin

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