1、Designation: D2699 161D2699 17Designation: 237/87Standard Test Method forResearch Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2699; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision
2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1 NOTESubsection 7.1.1 was cor
3、rected editorially in May 2017.1. Scope*1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuelin terms of Research O.N., including fuels that contain up to 25 % v/v of ethanol. However, this test method may not be applicableto f
4、uel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates.2 The sample fuel is tested using a standardized single cylinder,four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions.The O.N. scale is defined by the volumetric compos
5、ition of PRF blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that ofone or more PRF blends. The O.N. of the PRF blend that matches the K.I. of the sample fuel establishes the Research O.N.1.2 The O.N. scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number but this test method has a working range
6、from 40 to 120Research O.N. Typical commercial fuels produced for spark-ignition engines rate in the 88 to 101 Research O.N. range. Testingof gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Research O.N.range.1.3 The values of operating co
7、nditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are thehistorical inch-pound units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of theextensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment.1.4 This
8、standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to u
9、se. For specific warning statements, see Section 8, 14.4.1, 15.5.1, 16.6.1, AnnexA1, A2.2.3.1, A2.2.3.3 (6) and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1, X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.11.4, and X4.5.1.8.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standar
10、dizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD2268 Test Me
11、thod for Analysis of High-Purity n-Heptane and Isooctane by Capillary Gas ChromatographyD2360 Test Method for Trace Impurities in Monocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Gas Chromatography (Withdrawn 2016)4D2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD2885 Test Method for Deter
12、mination of Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels by On-Line Direct ComparisonTechniqueD3703 Test Method for Hydroperoxide Number of Aviation Turbine Fuels, Gasoline and Diesel Fuels1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubr
13、icants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.01 on Combustion Characteristics.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016Oct. 1, 2017. Published January 2017November 2017. Originally approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 20152016as D2699 15a.D2699 161. DOI: 10.1520/D2699-16E01.
14、10.1520/D2699-17.2 Motor O.N., determined using Test Method D2700, is a companion method to provide a similar but typically lower octane rating under more severe operating conditions.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.o
15、rg. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.4 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM st
16、andard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by A
17、STM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4175
18、 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and LubricantsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility MeasurementD6299 Practice fo
19、r Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-ment System PerformanceD6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric KarlFischer TitrationE344 Terminology Relating to Thermome
20、try and HydrometryE456 Terminology Relating to Quality and StatisticsE542 Practice for Calibration of Laboratory Volumetric ApparatusE1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration2.2 ANSI Standard:5C-39.1 Requirements for Electrical Analog Indicating Instruments
21、2.3 Energy Institute Standard:6IP 224/02 Determination of Low Lead Content of Light Petroleum Distillates by Dithizone Extraction and Colorimetric Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 accepted reference value, na value that serves as an agreed-upon reference for comparison, and which is derived
22、 as: (1)a theoretical or established value, based on scientific principles, (2) an assigned or certified value, based on experimental work ofsome national or international organization, or (3) a consensus or certified value, based on collaborative experimental work underthe auspices of a scientific
23、or engineering group. E4563.1.1.1 DiscussionIn the context of this test method, accepted reference value is understood to apply to the Research octane number of specificreference materials determined empirically under reproducibility conditions by the National Exchange Group or anotherrecognized exc
24、hange testing organization.3.1.2 Check Fuel, nfor quality control testing, a spark-ignition engine fuels of selected characteristics having an octanenumber accepted reference value (O.N.ARV) determined by round-robin testing under reproducibility conditions.3.1.3 cylinder height, nfor the CFR engine
25、, the relative vertical position of the engine cylinder with respect to the piston attop dead center (tdc) or the top machined surface of the crankcase.3.1.3.1 dial indicator reading, nfor the CFR engine, a numerical indication of cylinder height, in thousandths of an inch,indexed to a basic setting
26、 at a prescribed compression pressure when the engine is motored.3.1.3.2 digital counter reading, nfor the CFR engine, a numerical indication of cylinder height, indexed to a basic setting ata prescribed compression pressure when the engine is motored.3.1.4 detonation meter, analog, nfor knock testi
27、ng, the analog signal conditioning instrumentation that accepts the electricalsignal from the detonation pickup and provides an analog output signal for display.to the analog knockmeter.3.1.4.1 DiscussionIn the context of this test method, three contemporary generations of apparatus have been develo
28、ped as detonation meters. Theseare (year of introduction in parenthesis): the 501T Detonation Meter (1969), the 501C Detonation Meter (1979), and the SSD7000Detonation Meter (2017).73.1.5 detonation meter, digital, nfor knock testing, the digital signal conditioning instrumentation that accepts the
29、electricalsignal from the detonation pickup and provides a digital output for display.3.1.6 detonation pickup, nfor knock testing, a magnetostrictive-type transducer that threads into the engine cylinder and isexposed to combustion chamber pressure to provide an electrical signal that is proportiona
30、l to the rate-of-change of cylinderpressure.5 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.10036, http:/www.ansi.org.6 Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIGW1G 7AR, U.K.U.K., http:/www.energyinst.org.7 Support
31、ing data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1502RR:D02-1870. Contact ASTMCustomer Service at serviceastm.org.D2699 1723.1.7 dynamic fuel level, nfor knock testing, test procedure in which the fuel-air ratio for maximum knock in
32、tensity for sampleand reference fuels is determined using the falling level technique that changes carburetor fuel level from a high or rich mixturecondition to a low or lean mixture condition, at a constant rate, causing knock intensity to rise to a maximum and then decrease,thus permitting observa
33、tion of the maximum knockmeter reading.3.1.8 equilibrium fuel level, nfor knock testing, test procedure in which the fuel-air ratio for maximum knock intensity forsample and reference fuels is determined by making incremental step changes in fuel-air ratio, observing the equilibrium knockintensity f
34、or each step, and selecting the level that produces the highest knock intensity reading.3.1.9 firing, nfor the CFR engine, operation of the CFR engine with fuel and ignition.3.1.10 fuel-air ratio for maximum knock intensity, nfor knock testing, that proportion of fuel to air that produces the highes
35、tknock intensity for each fuel in the knock testing unit, provided this occurs within specified carburetor fuel level limits.3.1.11 guide tables, n for knock testing, the specific relationship between cylinder height (compression ratio) and octanenumber at standard knock intensity for specific prima
36、ry reference fuel blends tested at standard or other specified barometricpressure.3.1.12 knock, nin a spark-ignition engine, abnormal combustion, often producing audible sound, caused by autoignition ofthe air/fuel mixture. D41753.1.13 knock intensity, nfor knock testing, a measure of the level of k
37、nock.3.1.14 knockmeter, analog, nfor knock testing, the 0 to 100 division analog indicating meter that displays the knock intensitysignal from the analog detonation meter.3.1.15 knockmeter, digital, nfor knock testing, the 0 to 999 division digital indicating meter that displays the knock intensityf
38、rom the digital detonation meter.3.1.16 motoring, nfor the CFR engine, operation of the CFR engine without fuel and with the ignition shut off.3.1.17 octane number, nfor spark-ignition engine fuel, any one of several numerical indicators of resistance to knock obtainedby comparison with reference fu
39、els in standardized engine or vehicle tests. D41753.1.17.1 research octane number, nfor spark-ignition engine fuel, the numerical rating of knock resistance obtained bycomparison of its knock intensity with that of primary reference fuel blends when both are tested in a standardized CFR engineoperat
40、ing under the conditions specified in this test method.3.1.18 oxygenate, nan oxygen-containing organic compound, which may be used as a fuel or fuel supplement, for example,various alcohols and ethers. D41753.1.19 primary reference fuels, nfor knock testing, isooctane, n-heptane, volumetrically prop
41、ortioned mixtures of isooctanewith n-heptane, or blends of tetraethyllead in isooctane that define the octane number scale.3.1.19.1 primary reference fuel blends below 100 octane, nthe volume % of isooctane in a blend with n-heptane that definesthe octane number of the blend, isooctane being assigne
42、d as 100 and n-heptane as 0 octane number.3.1.19.2 primary reference fuel blends above 100 octane, nthe millilitres per U.S. gallon of tetraethyllead in isooctane thatdefine octane numbers above 100 in accordance with an empirically determined relationship.3.1.20 quality control (QC) sample, nfor us
43、e in quality assurance programs to determine and monitor the precision andstability of a measurement system, a stable and homogeneous material having physical or chemical properties, or both, similar tothose of typical samples tested by the analytical measurement system. The material is properly sto
44、red to ensure sample integrity,and is available in sufficient quantity for repeated, long term testing. D62993.1.21 repeatability conditions, nconditions where independent test results are obtained with the same method on identical testitems in the same laboratory by the same operator using the same
45、 equipment within short intervals of time. E4563.1.21.1 DiscussionIn the context of this test method, a short time interval between two ratings on a sample fuel is understood to be not less than thetime to obtain at least one rating on another sample fuel between them but not so long as to permit an
46、y significant change in thesample fuel, test equipment, or environment.3.1.22 reproducibility conditions, nconditions where test results are obtained with the same method on identical test items indifferent laboratories with different operators using different equipment. E4563.1.23 spread, nin knock
47、 measurement, the sensitivity of the analog detonation meter expressed in knockmeter divisions peroctane number. (This feature is not a necessary adjustment in the digital detonation meter.)3.1.24 standard knock intensity, analog, nfor knock testing, that level of knock established when a primary re
48、ference fuelblend of specific octane number is used in the knock testing unit at maximum knock intensity fuel-air ratio, with the cylinder height(dial indicator or digital counter reading) set to the prescribed guide table value.The analog detonation meter is adjusted to producean analog knockmeter
49、reading of 50 for these conditions.D2699 1733.1.25 standard knock intensity, digital, nfor knock testing, that level of knock established when a primary reference fuelblend of specific octane number is used in the knock testing unit at maximum knock intensity fuel-air ratio, with the cylinder height(dial indicator or digital counter reading) set to the prescribed guide table value. The digital detonation meter will typically displaya peak to peak voltage of approximately 0.15 V for these conditions.3.1.26 toluene standardization fuels, n
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