1、Designation: D 2809 04e2Standard Test Method forCavitation Corrosion and Erosion-Corrosion Characteristicsof Aluminum Pumps With Engine Coolants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2809; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in
2、the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEFootnote 3 was updated editorially in August 2005.e2NOTEAdjunct references were corrected
3、 editorially in April 2006.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the cavitationcorrosion and erosion-corrosion characteristics of aluminumautomotive water pumps with coolants.NOTE 1During the development of this test method, it was found thatresults obtained when testing two-phase co
4、olants did not correlate withresults from field tests. Therefore, the test method cannot be recommendedas being a significant test for determining cavitation effects of two-phasecoolants.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for info
5、rmationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Sp
6、ecific warningstatements are given in 5.2.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1176 Test Method for Sampling and Preparing AqueousSolutions of Engine Coolants or Antirusts for TestingPurposes2.2 ASTM Adjunct:3Pump test stand (7 drawings and Bill of Materials) 3. Summary of Test Method3.1 Thi
7、s test method consists of pumping an aqueouscoolant solution at 113C (235F) through a pressurized103-kPa (15-psig) simulated automotive coolant system (Note2).An aluminum automotive water pump, driven at 4600 r/minby an electric motor, is used to pump the solution and to serveas the object specimen
8、in evaluating the cavitation erosion-corrosion effect of the coolant under test. The pump isexamined to determine the extent of cavitation erosion-corrosion damage and is rated according to the system given inTable 1. Photographs of typical eroded pumps after testingappear in the Appendix.NOTE 2Test
9、s run at other than 113C (235F) might show more or1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D15 on EngineCoolants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D15.09 on SimulatedService Tests.Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originallyapproved in 196
10、9 as D 280969T. Last previous edition approved in 1999 asD 280994(99).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM
11、 website.3Detail drawings of this apparatus and accompanying table of parts are availablefrom ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJD2809. Originaladjunct produced in 1985.TABLE 1 Rating SystemA,BRating Condition10 No corrosion or erosion present; no metal loss. No change fromorigina
12、l casting configuration. Staining permitted.9 Minimal corrosion or erosion. Some rounding of sharp corners or lightsmoothing or both, or polishing of working surfaces.8 Light corrosion or erosion may be generalized on workingsurfaces. Dimensional change not to exceed 0.4 mm (164 in.).7 Corrosion or
13、erosion with dimensional change not to exceed 0.8 mm(132 in.). Random pitting to 0.8 mm permitted.6 Corrosion or erosion with dimensional change not to exceed 0.8 mm.Depressions, grooves, clusters of pits, or scalloping, orboth, within 0.8 mm dimensional change limit permitted.5 Corrosion or erosion
14、 with dimensional change not to exceed 1.6 mm(116 in.). Small localized areas of metal removal inhigh-impingement regions or random pits to 1.6 mm permitted.4 Corrosion or erosion with dimensional change not to exceed 1.6 mm.Small localized areas of metal removal in high-impingement regions,clusters
15、 of pits within 1.6 mm dimensional change. Random pits to 2.4mm (332 in.) permitted.3 Corrosion or erosion with dimensional change not to exceed 2.4 mm.Depressions, grooves, clusters of pits or scalloping, orboth, permitted.2 Corrosion or erosion with any dimensional change over 2.4 mm, andshort of
16、pump case failure.1 Pump case leaking due to corrision or erosion.AIf placement in a rating group is uncertain or border-line, elevate the rating tothe higher of the two groups in question.BRatings 1 to 3 are dependent on pump-wall thickness and are intended to beused as relative ratings for tests u
17、sing a given pump.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.less cavitation depending upon the coolant formulation.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method can be used to distinguish betweencoolants that contribute to cavita
18、tion corrosion and erosion-corrosion of aluminum automotive water pumps and those thatdo not. It is not intended that a particular rating number, asdetermined from this test, will be equivalent to a certainnumber of miles in a vehicle test; however, limited correlationbetween bench and field service
19、 tests has been observed withsingle-phase coolants. Field tests under severe operating con-ditions should be conducted as the final test if the actual effectof the coolant on cavitation corrosion and erosion-corrosion isto be appraised. It is also possible, with proper control of thetest variables,
20、to determine the effect of pump design, materialsof construction, and pump operating conditions on cavitationcorrosion and erosion-corrosion damage.5. Apparatus5.1 Pump Test Stand Detailed drawings are available.3The copper, brass, and bronze flow circuit is illustrated in Fig.1. The apparatus shoul
21、d be assembled upon a suitable platformor structure, with provisions for mounting controls and gages.5.2 Warning The entire stand should be screened orhoused to protect personnel from hazardous scalding coolantin case of rupture in the pump, hose, or tubing. All belts andpulleys should be properly s
22、hielded.5.3 Test PumpStandard aluminum automotive waterpump and engine front cover assemblies shall be used. Thesame make and model must be used throughout a series of testswhen tests are conducted to evaluate coolants.4NOTE 3If it is desired to evaluate pumps on this test apparatus, acoolant of a k
23、nown level of cavitation corrosion and erosion-corrosionprotection should be used.6. Test Solution6.1 The test coolant is prepared by adding one part enginecoolant concentrate to five parts corrosive water by volume.The water shall contain 100 ppm each of sulfate, chloride, andbicarbonate ions, adde
24、d as sodium salts.NOTE 4The specified corrosive water can be prepared by dissolvingthe following amounts of reagent grade anhydrous sodium salts in aquantity of distilled or deionized water:sodium sulfate 148 mgsodium chloride 165 mgsodium bicarbonate 138 mgThe resulting solution should be made up t
25、o a volume of 1 L withdistilled or deionized water at 20C.If relatively large amounts of corrosive water are needed for testing, aconcentrate may be prepared by dissolving ten times the above amounts ofthe three chemicals, in distilled or deionized water, and adjusting the totalvolume to 1 L by furt
26、her additions of distilled or deionized water. Whenneeded, the corrosion water concentrate is diluted to the ratio of one partby volume of concentrate to nine parts of distilled or deionized water.41984 Buick pump GM #25527536 and engine front cover GM 25515465 shallbe designated as test standards.
27、The pump gasket is GM #1358410, and the gasketat the back of the front engine cover is GM #25519994.FIG. 1 Aluminum Pump Cavitation Corrosion and Erosion-Corrosion Test StandD280904e227. Sampling7.1 The coolant concentration shall be sampled in accor-dance with Test Method D 1176.8. Procedure8.1 Bef
28、ore each test is begun, clean the test apparatus asfollows:8.1.1 Remove and replace all hose (hose shall not be usedfor more than one test), set the throttling valve to full openposition, and install a standard automative water pump as theflushing pump to circulate cleaning solution.8.1.2 Fill the s
29、ystem with a solution made of 162 g (5.7 oz)of detergent5in 17 L (18 qt) of cool tap water. (The totalcapacity of the system is approximately 17.5 L (18.5 qt).)Reduce the pump speed to approximately 2675 r/min tominimize heat buildup. Start the pump and circulate for 15 min.Drain.8.1.3 Fill with tap
30、 water. Start the pump and circulate for 5min. Drain. Perform this operation three times.NOTE 5This cleaning procedure supercedes one using chromic acid,a recognized hazard. A Subcommittee D15.09 task force is currentlyqualifying this cleaning procedure.8.1.4 Fill the system with a cleaning solution
31、 containing73.5 g of oxalic acid dihydrate and 52.5 g of citric acid per litreof water. (These chemicals may be technical grade.)8.1.5 Raise the temperature to 82C (180F) with the pumpoperating at approximately 2675 r/min and the heater on. Whenthe temperature is reached, turn off the heater. Circul
32、ate thecleaning solution for 1 h. (If the temperature rises above 90C(194F), cool the system with the fan.) Drain the system.8.1.6 Repeat step 8.1.3.8.1.7 Circulate a solution made of 820 g (1.8 lb) of sodiumcarbonate (technical grade) in 17 L (18 qt) of cool tap water for10 min. Circulating this so
33、lution in excess of 10 min may causecarbonates to form on copper components. Drain.8.1.8 Fill with tap water and circulate water for approxi-mately 3 min. Drain.8.1.9 Repeat step 8.1.8 three times.8.1.10 Take a sample of the last flush water. Make a 5 mass% solution of calcium chloride (reagent grad
34、e) with a sampleof the water. If turbidity or precipitation results, repeat steps8.1.8 and 8.1.10 until solution is clear.8.2 Install a new test pump assembly on the test stand. Donot use a gasket sealer in assembling the pump.8.3 Shake the test coolant well and fill the main system withapproximatel
35、y 14 L (14.5 qt). Engage the pump in a fewmomentary starts to allow trapped air to vent out the fill hole.Add 2 L(2 qt) of test coolant to the expansion tank (see Section5).8.4 Start the test and adjust to the following conditions:8.4.1 Pump speed to 4600 6 100 r/min. Speed may bemeasured by digital
36、 tachometer, optical tachometer, or anyother method that gives the required accuracy.8.4.2 Coolant temperature to 35 to 38C (95 to 100 F).8.4.3 System pressure to 103 6 3 kPa (15 6 0.5 psig).8.4.4 Inlet pressure at pump to provide a gage reading of 6.8kPa (2.0 in. Hg) vacuum by adjusting the throttl
37、ing valve.8.5 After test conditions in 8.4 are obtained, increase thecoolant temperature to 113 6 1C (235 6 2F). Do not adjustthe throttling valve from the position obtained in 8.4.4.Maintain the system pressure at 103 kPa (15 psig).8.6 Operate the pump for 100 h.8.6.1 The pump may be stopped for ni
38、ghtly equipmentshutdown and to maintain liquid level.8.6.2 No more than 1 L (1 qt) of coolant makeup solutionmay be added during the total duration of the test.8.7 Remove the pump assembly, wash the pump, frontcover, and impeller with clean water, and dry parts for visualobservation.9. Rating System
39、9.1 Rate the degree of corrosion and erosion-corrosion inaccordance with the ratings described in Table 1.10. Precision and Bias10.1 PrecisionIt is not practicable to specify the precisionof the procedure in this test method because the results aresubjective.10.2 BiasSince there is no acceptable ref
40、erence materialsuitable for determining the bias for the procedure in this testmethod, bias has not been determined.NOTE 6This test method is currently under review by a task group ofSubcommittee D15.09.11. Keywords11.1 aluminum; automotive; cavitation corrosion; enginecoolant; erosion-corrosion; pumps; test5Alconox detergent, E. H. Sargent or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D280904e27
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