1、Designation: D2809 09 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Test Method forCavitation Corrosion and Erosion-Corrosion Characteristicsof Aluminum Pumps With Engine Coolants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2809; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal ad
2、option or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the cavitationcorrosion and
3、erosion-corrosion characteristics of aluminumautomotive water pumps with coolants.NOTE 1During the development of this test method, it was found thatresults obtained when testing two-phase coolants did not correlate withresults from field tests. Therefore, the test method cannot be recommendedas bei
4、ng a significant test for determining cavitation effects of two-phasecoolants.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with
5、its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warningstatements are given in 5.2.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with i
6、nternationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D
7、1176 Practice for Sampling and Preparing Aqueous Solu-tions of Engine Coolants or Antirusts for Testing PurposesE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Methods2.2 ASTM Adjunct:3Pump test stand (7 drawings and Bill of Materials)3. Summary of Test Method3.1 This test method c
8、onsists of pumping an aqueouscoolant solution at 113C (235F) through a pressurized103-kPa (15-psig) simulated automotive coolant system (Note2).An aluminum automotive water pump, driven at 4600 r/minby an electric motor, is used to pump the solution and to serveas the object specimen in evaluating t
9、he cavitation erosion-corrosion effect of the coolant under test. The pump isexamined to determine the extent of cavitation erosion-corrosion damage and is rated according to the system given inTable 1. Photographs of typical eroded pumps after testingappear in the Appendix.NOTE 2Tests run at other
10、than 113 C (235 F) might show more orless cavitation depending upon the coolant formulation.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method can be used to distinguish betweencoolants that contribute to cavitation corrosion and erosion-corrosion of aluminum automotive water pumps and those thatdo not. It
11、 is not intended that a particular rating number, asdetermined from this test, will be equivalent to a certainnumber of miles in a vehicle test; however, limited correlationbetween bench and field service tests has been observed withsingle-phase coolants. Field tests under severe operating con-ditio
12、ns should be conducted as the final test if the actual effectof the coolant on cavitation corrosion and erosion-corrosion isto be appraised. It is also possible, with proper control of thetest variables, to determine the effect of pump design, materialsof construction, and pump operating conditions
13、on cavitationcorrosion and erosion-corrosion damage.5. Apparatus5.1 Pump Test StandDetailed drawings are available.3Thecopper, brass, and bronze flow circuit is illustrated in Fig. 1.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D15 on EngineCoolants and Related Fluids and is the dir
14、ect responsibility of SubcommitteeD15.09 on Simulated Service Tests.Current edition approved April 1, 2017. Published April 2017. Originallyapproved in 1969 as D280969T. Last previous edition approved in 2009 asD2809-09. DOI: 10.1520/D2809-09R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website
15、, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Detail drawings of this apparatus and accompanying table of parts are availablefrom ASTM International Headquarter
16、s. Order Adjunct No. ADJD2809. Originaladjunct produced in 1985.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization estab
17、lished in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1The apparatus should be assembled upon a suitable platform orstructure, with provisions for mounting cont
18、rols and gages.5.2 WarningThe entire stand should be screened orhoused to protect personnel from hazardous scalding coolantin case of rupture in the pump, hose, or tubing. All belts andpulleys should be properly shielded.5.3 Test PumpStandard aluminum automotive waterpump and engine front cover asse
19、mblies shall be used. Thesame make and model must be used throughout a series of testswhen tests are conducted to evaluate coolants.4NOTE 3If it is desired to evaluate pumps on this test apparatus, acoolant of a known level of cavitation corrosion and erosion-corrosionprotection should be used.6. Te
20、st Solution6.1 The test coolant is prepared by adding one part enginecoolant concentrate to five parts corrosive water by volume.The water shall contain 100 ppm each of sulfate, chloride, andbicarbonate ions, added as sodium salts.NOTE 4The specified corrosive water can be prepared by dissolvingthe
21、following amounts of reagent grade anhydrous sodium salts in aquantity of distilled or deionized water:sodium sulfate 148 mgsodium chloride 165 mgsodium bicarbonate 138 mgThe resulting solution should be made up to a volume of 1 L withdistilled or deionized water at 20 C.If relatively large amounts
22、of corrosive water are needed for testing, aconcentrate may be prepared by dissolving ten times the above amounts ofthe three chemicals, in distilled or deionized water, and adjusting the totalvolume to 1 L by further additions of distilled or deionized water. Whenneeded, the corrosion water concent
23、rate is diluted to the ratio of one partby volume of concentrate to nine parts of distilled or deionized water.7. Sampling7.1 The coolant concentration shall be sampled in accor-dance with Practice D1176.8. Procedure8.1 Before each test is begun, clean the test apparatus asfollows:8.1.1 Remove and r
24、eplace all hose (hose shall not be usedfor more than one test), set the throttling valve to full openposition, and install a standard automative water pump as theflushing pump to circulate cleaning solution.8.1.2 Fill the system with a solution made of 162 g (5.7 oz)of detergent5in 17 L (18 qt) of c
25、ool tap water. (The totalcapacity of the system is approximately 17.5 L (18.5 qt).)Reduce the pump speed to approximately 2675 r/min tominimize heat buildup. Start the pump and circulate for 15 min.Drain.8.1.3 Fill with tap water. Start the pump and circulate for 5min. Drain. Perform this operation
26、three times.NOTE 5This cleaning procedure supercedes one using chromic acid,a recognized hazard. A Subcommittee D15.09 task force is currentlyqualifying this cleaning procedure.8.1.4 Fill the system with a cleaning solution containing73.5 g of oxalic acid dihydrate and 52.5 g of citric acid per litr
27、eof water. (These chemicals may be technical grade.)8.1.5 Raise the temperature to 82C (180F) with the pumpoperating at approximately 2675 r/min and the heater on. Whenthe temperature is reached, turn off the heater. Circulate thecleaning solution for 1 h. (If the temperature rises above 90C(194F),
28、cool the system with the fan.) Drain the system.8.1.6 Repeat step 8.1.3.8.1.7 Circulate a solution made of 820 g (1.8 lb) of sodiumcarbonate (technical grade) in 17 L (18 qt) of cool tap water for10 min. Circulating this solution in excess of 10 min may causecarbonates to form on copper components.
29、Drain.8.1.8 Fill with tap water and circulate water for approxi-mately 3 min. Drain.8.1.9 Repeat step 8.1.8 three times.8.1.10 Take a sample of the last flush water. Make a 5 mass% solution of calcium chloride (reagent grade) with a sampleof the water. If turbidity or precipitation results, repeat s
30、teps8.1.8 and 8.1.10 until solution is clear.8.2 Install a new test pump assembly on the test stand. Donot use a gasket sealer in assembling the pump.8.3 Shake the test coolant well and fill the main system withapproximately 14 L (14.5 qt). Engage the pump in a fewmomentary starts to allow trapped a
31、ir to vent out the fill hole.Add 2 L(2 qt) of test coolant to the expansion tank (see Section5).41984 Buick pump GM #25527536 and engine front cover GM 25515465 shallbe designated as test standards. The pump gasket is GM #1358410, and the gasketat the back of the front engine cover is GM #25519994.
32、In the event that GM#25527536 is not available, AC Delco 12307821 or Master CP1018 may be used.5Alconox detergent, E. H. Sargent no metal loss. No change from origi-nal casting configuration. Staining permitted.9 Minimal corrosion or erosion. Some rounding of sharp corners or lightsmoothing or both,
33、 or polishing of working surfaces.8 Light corrosion or erosion may be generalized on workingsurfaces. Dimensional change not to exceed 0.4 mm (164 in.).7 Corrosion or erosion with dimensional change not to exceed 0.8 mm(132 in.). Random pitting to 0.8 mm permitted.6 Corrosion or erosion with dimensi
34、onal change not to exceed 0.8 mm.Depressions, grooves, clusters of pits, or scalloping, orboth, within 0.8 mm dimensional change limit permitted.5 Corrosion or erosion with dimensional change not to exceed 1.6 mm(116 in.). Small localized areas of metal removal inhigh-impingement regions or random p
35、its to 1.6 mm permitted.4 Corrosion or erosion with dimensional change not to exceed 1.6 mm.Small localized areas of metal removal in high-impingement regions,clusters of pits within 1.6 mm dimensional change. Random pits to 2.4mm (332 in.) permitted.3 Corrosion or erosion with dimensional change no
36、t to exceed 2.4 mm.Depressions, grooves, clusters of pits or scalloping, orboth, permitted.2 Corrosion or erosion with any dimensional change over 2.4 mm, andshort of pump case failure.1 Pump case leaking due to corrision or erosion.AIf placement in a rating group is uncertain or border-line, elevat
37、e the rating to thehigher of the two groups in question.BRatings 1 to 3 are dependent on pump-wall thickness and are intended to beused as relative ratings for tests using a given pump.D2809 09 (2017)28.4 Start the test and adjust to the following conditions:8.4.1 Pump speed to 4600 6 100 r/min. Spe
38、ed may bemeasured by digital tachometer, optical tachometer, or anyother method that gives the required accuracy.8.4.2 Coolant temperature to 35 to 38 C (95 to 100 F).8.4.3 System pressure to 103 6 3 kPa (15 6 0.5 psig).8.4.4 Inlet pressure at pump to provide a gage reading of6.8 kPa (2.0 in. Hg) va
39、cuum by adjusting the throttling valve.8.5 After test conditions in 8.4 are obtained, increase thecoolant temperature to 113 6 1 C (235 6 2 F). Do not adjustthe throttling valve from the position obtained in 8.4.4.Maintain the system pressure at 103 kPa (15 psig).8.6 Operate the pump for 100 h.8.6.1
40、 The pump may be stopped for nightly equipmentshutdown and to maintain liquid level.8.6.2 No more than 1 L (1 qt) of coolant makeup solutionmay be added during the total duration of the test.8.7 Remove the pump assembly, wash the pump, frontcover, and impeller with clean water, and dry parts for vis
41、ualobservation.9. Rating System9.1 Rate the degree of corrosion and erosion-corrosion inaccordance with the ratings described in Table 1.10. Precision and Bias10.1 The precision of this test method is based on interlabo-ratory study of Test Method D2809, conducted in 2008. Eachof four laboratories t
42、ested two coolants. Every “test result”represents an individual determination. Each laboratory wasasked to report duplicate rating results. Except for the limitedvariety of materials tested, and the availability of replicate datafrom only four laboratories, Practice E691 was followed for thedesign a
43、nd analysis of the data; the details are given in aresearch report.610.1.1 Repeatability Limit (r)Two test results obtainedwithin one laboratory shall be judged not equivalent if theydiffer by more than the “r” value for that material; “r”isthe6Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International H
44、eadquarters and maybe obatined by requesting RR:D15-1025.FIG. 1 Aluminum Pump Cavitation Corrosion and Erosion-Corrosion Test StandTABLE 2 Cavitation Rating (units)MaterialAverageAxRepeatabilityStandard DeviationSrReproducibilityStandard DeviationSRRepeatability LimitrReproducibility LimitRSample 1
45、Pink 8.5 0.5 0.5 1.4 1.5Sample 2 Green 9.3 1.2 1.2 3.2 3.2AThe average of the laboratories calculated averages.D2809 09 (2017)3interval representing the critical difference between two testresults for the same material, obtained by the same operatorusing the same equipment on the same day in the sam
46、elaboratory.10.1.1.1 Repeatability limits are listed in Table 2.10.1.2 Reproducibility Limt (R)Two test results shall bejudged not equivalent if they differ by more than the “R” valuefor that material; “R” is the interval representing the criticaldifference between two test results for the same mate
47、rial,obtained by different operators using different equipemtn indifferent laboratories.10.1.2.1 Reproducibility limits are listed in Table 2.10.1.3 The above terms (repeatability limit and reproduc-ibility limit) are used as specified in Practice E177.10.1.4 Any judgment in accordance with 10.1.1 a
48、nd 10.1.2would normally have an approximate 95 % probability of beingcorrect, however the precision statistics obtained in the ILSmust not be treated as exact mathematical quantities which areapplicable to all circumstances and uses. The limited numberof reporting laboratories, and materials tested,
49、 guarantees thatthere will be times when differences greater than predicted bythe ILS results will arise, sometimes with considerably greateror smaller frequency than the 95 % probability limit wouldimply. Consider the repeatabilty limit and the reproducibiltylimit as general guides, and the associated probability of 95 %as only a rough indicator of what can be expected.10.2 BiasAt the time of the study, there was no acceptedreference material suitable for determining the bias for this testmethod, therefore no statement on bias is being made.10.3 The p
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