ASTM D2812-2007 Standard Test Method for Non-Lint Content of Cotton《棉花中含杂量的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: D 2812 07Standard Test Method forNon-Lint Content of Cotton1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2812; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses

2、 indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the non-lint content of cotton using the Shirley Analyzer. The cottonmay be in the form of (1) raw stock, that

3、 is, cotton fiber that hasbeen separated from the seed by ginning; (2) partially pro-cessed cotton, such as picker lap or sliver; or (3) ginning orprocessing waste, such as obtained from ginning, opening andcleaning, picking, carding, or combing machines.1.2 This test method is especially adapted fo

4、r determiningnon-lint content of cotton by use of the Shirley Analyser.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use

5、. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatements, see Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to

6、TextilesD 1441 Practice for Sampling Cotton Fibers for TestingD 7139 Terminology for Cotton Fibers3. Terminology3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.11, Cotton Fibers,refer to Terminology D 7139.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:foreign matter, invisible waste, lint, lint co

7、ntent, non-lintcontent, visible waste.3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer toTerminology D 123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A known mass of raw cotton, partially processed cotton,or waste is fed into the machine. The machine, operating onmechanical-pneumatic principles, separates

8、 the foreign matterfrom the cotton and discharges the non-lint particles and lintinto separate chambers.4.2 The amounts of lint and non-lint recovered are calcu-lated as a percentage of the original specimen mass.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method for testing cotton for non-lint content isc

9、onsidered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercialshipments since it is the best available procedure for obtainingobjective data.5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),comparative tests should be performed to de

10、termine if there isa statistical bias between them, using competent statisticalassistance. As a minimum, ensure the test samples to be usedare as homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the materialfrom which the disparate test results were obtained, and arerandomly assigned in equal numbers to each

11、 laboratory fortesting. The test results from the two laboratories should becompared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at aprobability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias isfound, either its cause must be found and corrected, or futuretest results for that material must be

12、adjusted in considerationof the known bias.5.2 This test method gives data on the non-lint content ofraw cotton which can be used as a basis for: (1) estimating thenet amount of manufactured textile product obtainable fromraw cotton; (2) predicting the quality of cotton textile products,particularly

13、 their aesthetic properties; (3) assembling andblending bales in a mix on a non-lint content basis; (4)adjusting ginning and textile processing machines for maxi-mum efficiency in cleaning lint; and (5) relating non-lintcontent of cotton to end-product quality and processing effi-ciency.1This test m

14、ethod is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.11 on Cotton Fibers.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2007. Published April 2007. Originallyapproved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 2812 95(2002).2For referenced

15、 ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Cons

16、hohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Apparatus6.1 Testing InstrumentShirley Analyzer, commerciallyavailable non-lint testing machine operating on mechanical-pneumatic principles, described in Annex A1.6.2 Laboratory Balance, with a capacity of 200 g, a sensi-tivity of 0.01 g, and a pan large en

17、ough to weigh a 100-gspecimen of cotton.7. Hazards7.1 Use care in running the specimen through the machine.Spread the specimen uniformly on the feed plate so that fingersdo not have to come into contact with the feed roll.7.2 In conducting tests, the machine should be completelystopped before cleani

18、ng any clumps of fiber or trash whichhave adhered to the upper parts of the delivery box or trashtray.8. Sampling, Selection, and Number of Specimens8.1 Lot SampleFor acceptance testing, take as directed inPractice D 1441.8.2 Laboratory Sample:8.2.1 Unprocessed or Processed CottonTake the labora-tor

19、y sample and the test specimen as directed in PracticeD 1441. Do not blend the laboratory sample. Handle it in sucha way as to prevent loss of foreign matter. Take a laboratorysample large enough to provide two 100 6 5-g test specimens.8.2.2 Ginning or Processing WasteTake as a laboratorysample all

20、the waste accumulated during the test run whichshould last long enough to provide one specimen weighing notless than 45 g (1 lb).38.3 Test SpecimensTest two 100 6 5-g specimens fromeach laboratory sampling unit.9. Preparation of Specimens9.1 No special preparation is required, but handle thelaborato

21、ry sample and the specimens carefully, particularlyspecimens accumulated from ginning and processing wasteproducts to avoid any loss of leaf, dust, or other foreign matter.10. Conditioning10.1 Do not precondition the test specimens.10.2 Bring the laboratory sample from the prevailing atmo-sphere to

22、approximate moisture equilibrium with the air of theroom in which the test will be performed by exposing thesamples at least 24 h.NOTE 1Changes in relative humidity during the test will seriouslyaffect test results. Although tests may be made in the standard atmospherefor testing textiles as defined

23、 in Terminology D 123, studies have shownthat the most efficient separation of lint and foreign matter occurs at arelative humidity of 60 % or less.3Temperature variations up to 6 1.1C(2F) or variations up to 6 2 % relative humidity during the conditioningperiod do not introduce any significant erro

24、rs, but atmospheric conditionsshould be constant between the times of weighing the specimen andweighing the clean lint or waste, or both.11. Procedure11.1 Clean the delivery box, trash tray, and settling cham-ber. If the machine has not been operated previously during theday, start the motor and run

25、 the machine for 2 to 3 min with theclutch disengaged and the feed roller inoperative.11.2 Weigh the specimen (see 8.2.1 and 8.2.2) to the nearest0.1 g. Record the mass, W.11.3 Placement of the Specimen on the Feed Table:11.3.1 For testing raw cotton or picker laps, arrange aboutone third of the spe

26、cimen in a uniform layer of small tufts onthe feed table, tearing apart hard lumps where necessary.11.3.2 For testing slivers, spread short lengths on the feedtable perpendicular to the feed roller.11.3.3 For testing ginning and processing waste, arrangeabout one fourth of the specimen uniformly on

27、the feed table.11.4 Open the air control valve, engage the feed rollerclutch and start feeding the specimen through the machine.Observe the character of the trash as it begins to fall into thetray. Only small amounts of unopened lint should be fallingwith the trash during the first passage. If there

28、 are hard tufts inthe specimen, it may be necessary to tighten the loadingsprings on the feed rollers.11.5 As the specimen is fed into the machine, continueplacing portions of it on the feed table to maintain a uniformfeed rate until the whole specimen has been processed asindicated by the absence o

29、f fibers under the streamer plate.11.6 When all of the specimen has passed under the feedroller, collect all lint-bearing trash from the settling chamberand trash tray. Spread it over a small central area of the feedplate and pass it through the analyser.11.7 Disengage the clutch and close the air c

30、ontrol valvemomentarily to allow the cleaned lint to be collected from thedelivery box.11.8 Pass the cleaned lint through the machine a secondtime.11.9 Remove the lint-bearing trash from the settling cham-ber and trash tray and pass it through the machine again.11.10 Disengage the feed roller clutch

31、 and close the valvemomentarily and remove the cleaned lint from the deliverybox. Weigh it to the nearest 0.1 g. This is the mass of the lint,L.11.11 Collect the trash from the trash tray, taking care torecover all of the fine particles of trash from the walls of thesettling chamber and the surface

32、of the feed table. Weigh thetrash to the nearest 0.1 g. This is the mass of the visible waste,V.12. Calculation12.1 Calculate to the nearest 0.10 % the lint content, visiblewaste, invisible waste, and total non-lint content using Eq 1-4.Lint content, % 5 L/W! 3 100 (1)Visible waste, % 5 V/W! 3 100 (

33、2)Invisible waste, % 5 W 2 V 1 L!/W 3 100 (3)Total non2lint content, % 5 100 2 lint content, % (4)where:W = mass of specimen, 11.2 or 12.1,3Cotton Branch, PMA, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, “Effect of AtmosphericConditions on Processing and Testing of Carded Cotton Yarn,” Washington, DC,July, 1953.D281

34、2072L = mass of lint recovered, 11.10, 12.2.3 or 12.3.4, andV = mass of visible waste, 11.11.13. Report13.1 State that the tests were made as directed in this testmethod. Describe the material or product sampled and themethod of sampling.13.2 Report the following information:13.2.1 Lint content, and

35、 visible and invisible waste, each.13.2.2 Temperature and relative humidity prevailing duringthe test.14. Precision and Bias14.1 Interlaboratory Test Data4An interlaboratory testwith the Shirley Analyser was run in 1974 in which ninelaboratories each tested five specimens from a low and a highforeig

36、n matter bale of lint cotton. All 45 specimens for low andfor high foreign matter content came from as nearly the sameportion of each bale as possible. The components of variancefor the foreign matter content results expressed as standarddeviation were calculated to be as follows:For Low Foreign Mat

37、ter Cotton:Within-laboratory component 0.179 %Between-laboratory component 0.273 %For High Foreign Matter Cotton:Within-laboratory component 0.329 %Between-laboratory component 0.706 %14.2 PrecisionFor the components of variance reported in14.1, two averages of observed values should be consideredsi

38、gnificantly different at the 95 % probability level if thedifference equals or exceeds the critical differences listed inTable 1 and Table 2.14.3 BiasThe procedure in this test method for measuringthe non-lint content of cotton has no bias because the value ofthat property can be defined only in ter

39、ms of this test method.15. Keywords15.1 content; cotton; non-lintANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. INSTRUCTIONS FOR ADJUSTMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF THE SHIRLEY ANALYSERA1.1 A schematic diagram is shown in Fig. A1.1.A1.2 Speeds of Various Parts:Part r/minLicker-in cylinder 900Feed roll 0.9Cage 80Fan 1500

40、Motor 1400 (approximate)A1.3 Settings of Various Parts:Part mm in.Feed plate to licker-in 0.1 0.004Streamer plate (lead-in edge) to licker-in 0.1 0.004Streamer plate (lead-off edge) to licker-in 0.2 0.007Stripping knife (bottom edge) to licker-in 0.1 0.004Stripping knife (bottom edge) to cage 7.9516

41、Licker-in to cage 5.6732Separation Sheet (top edge) to cage 6.414Separation sheet (top edge) to licker-in 14.3916Delivery plate to cage 1.6116A1.4 Adjustments (Fig. A1.1):A1.4.1 Feed PlateRemove cover, A, and loosen nuts, B,at each end of the feed plate. Then, by means of adjustingscrew, C, move the

42、 plate up to a 0.1-mm (0.004-in.) feelergage, inserted as at D, across the full width of the machine,while revolving the licker-in slowly by hand. Tighten nuts, B.Two feed plates, differing in length of striking face, arenormally supplied with each Shirley Analyser. The feed platewith the longer fac

43、e is used with cotton 32 mm (114 in.) orlonger in staple length; the other feed plate with the shorterface is used with cotton shorter than 32 mm (114 in.) in staplelength. For cotton wastes use the same settings for both feedplates.A1.4.2 Streamer PlateLoosen brush nuts, E, and securenuts, F and G,

44、 on each side of the machine. Insert a 0.2-mm(0.006-in.) feeler gage as at H, and bring streamer plate, J,upto the gage across the full width of the machine. Tighten E onboth sides of the machine, remove the gage, and allow thestreamer plate to swivel to a 0.1-mm (0.004-in.) gage placed4Supporting d

45、ata have been filed atASTM Headquarters and may be obtained byrequesting RR: D13-1043.TABLE 1 Confidence Limits in Percentage Points at the 95 %Probability LevelNumber ofSpecimensConfidence LimitsShirley Analyzer2 6 0.73 6 0.59 6 0.3TABLE 2 Critical Differences, Foreign Matter (Total Visible andInvi

46、sible Loss), %, for the Condition NotedANumber of Observations inEach AverageWithin Laboratories Between LaboratoriesLow foreign matter:1 0.50 0.912 0.35 0.843 0.29 0.814 0.25 0.805 0.22 0.79High foreign matter:1 0.91 2.162 0.64 2.063 0.53 2.034 0.46 2.015 0.41 2.00AThe critical differences were cal

47、culated using t = 1.96, which is based oninfinite degrees of freedom.D2812073between the licker-in and the lead-in edge, K. Tighten F and Gon both sides of the machine.A1.4.3 Stripper KnifeRemove cover, A, and loosen nuts,L, slightly. Insert at M a 0.1-mm (0.004-in.) gage along the fullwidth. Press

48、or tap screws, L, toward the licker-in until theknife, N, is just in contact with the gage. Tighten nuts, L,securely.A1.4.4 Fan ExhaustThe fan is provided with an outlet,arranged to discharge the dust-laden air into a dust-filter bag.The machine will not function efficiently if the fan blowsdirectly

49、 to the outside atmosphere or to a mill-dust chamber,whereby the pneumatic system in the machine would besubject to the effects of variable backdrafts.A1.5 General:A1.5.1 Greasing and OilingAvoid excessive greasing andoiling in regions where working surfaces might be contami-nated. Keep the fluted surface of the roller which makescontact with the test specimen free from grease or oil. Alsokeep the cage surface free from grease or oil.A1.5.2 MotorDo not run the driving motor supplied withthe machine continuously for longer than12 h, which is therating p